Early years

The Daoguang Emperor was born in the Forbidden City, Beijing, in 1782, and was given the name Mianning (綿寧 Miánníng). It was later changed to Minning (旻寧 Mǐnníng) when he became emperor. The first character of his private name was changed from Mian to Min to avoid the relatively common character Mian. This novelty was introduced by his grandfather, the reigning Qianlong Emperor, who thought it inappropriate to use a common character in the emperor's private name due to the longstanding practice of naming taboo.

Mianning was the second son of Prince Yongyan, the 15th son and heir of the Qianlong Emperor. Even though he was Yongyan's second son, he was first in line after Prince Yongyan to his grandfather's throne. This was because according to the dishu system, his mother, Lady Hitara, was Yongyan's primary spouse whereas his elder brother was born to Yongyan's concubine. Mianning was favoured by his grandfather, the Qianlong Emperor. He frequently accompanied his grandfather on hunting trips. On one such trip, at the age of nine, Mianning successfully hunted a deer, which greatly amused the Qianlong Emperor. The emperor would abdicate five years after that incident, in 1796, when Mianning was 14. Mianning』s father Prince Yongyan was then enthroned as the Jiaqing Emperor, after which he made Lady Hitara (Mianning's mother) his empress consort. The elderly Qianlong would live three more years in retirement before dying in 1799, aged 88, when Mianning was 17.

In 1813, while he was still a prince, Mianning also played a vital role in repelling and killing Eight Trigrams invaders who stormed the Forbidden City.

Reign

Khoja rebellion in Xinjiang

In September 1820, at the age of 38, Mianning inherited the throne after the Jiaqing Emperor died suddenly of unknown causes. He became the first Qing emperor who was the eldest legitimate son of his father. Now known as the Daoguang Emperor, he inherited a declining empire with Westerners encroaching upon the borders of China. The Daoguang Emperor had been ruling for six years when the exiled heir to the Khojas, Jahangir Khoja, attacked Xinjiang from Kokand in the Afaqi Khoja revolts. By the end of 1826, the former Qing cities of Kashgar, Yarkand, Khotan, and Yangihissar had all fallen to the rebels. After a friend betrayed him in March 1827, Khoja was sent to Beijing in an iron litter and subsequently executed, while the Qing Empire regained control of their lost territory. The Uyghur Muslim Sayyid and Naqshbandi Sufi rebel of the Afaqi suborder, Jahangir Khoja was sliced to death (Lingchi) in 1828 by the Manchus for leading a rebellion against the Qing.

First Opium War

During the Daoguang Emperor's reign, China experienced major problems with opium, which was imported into China by British merchants. Opium had started to trickle into China during the reign of the Yongzheng Emperor, but was limited to approximately 200 chests annually. By the time of the Qianlong era, this amount had increased to 1,000 chests, 4,000 chests by the Jiaqing era and more than 30,000 chests during the Daoguang era.

The Daoguang Emperor issued many imperial edicts banning opium in the 1820s and 1830s, which were carried out by Lin Zexu, whom he appointed as an Imperial Commissioner. Lin Zexu's efforts to halt the spread of opium in China led directly to the First Opium War. With the development of the First Opium War, Lin Zexu was made a scapegoat. The Daoguang Emperor removed his authority and banished him to Yili. Meanwhile, in the Himalayas, the Sikh Empire attempted an occupation of Tibet but was defeated in the Sino-Sikh war (1841–1842). On the coasts, the Qing Empire lost the war, exposing their technological and military inferiority to European powers, and ceded Hong Kong to the British in the Treaty of Nanjing in August 1842.

Anti-Christianity

In 1811, a clause sentencing Europeans to death for spreading Catholicism had been added to the statute called "Prohibitions Concerning Sorcerers and Sorceresses" (禁止師巫邪術) in the Great Qing Legal Code. Protestants hoped that the Qing government would discriminate between Protestantism and Catholicism, since the law mentioned the latter by name, but after Protestant missionaries gave Christian books to Chinese people in 1835 and 1836, the Daoguang Emperor demanded to know who were the "traitorous natives" in Guangzhou who had supplied them with books.

Nobility titles

The Daoguang Emperor granted the title of "Wujing Boshi" (五經博士 Wǔjīng Bóshì) to the descendants of Ran Qiu.

Death and legacy

The Daoguang Emperor died on 26 February 1850 at the Old Summer Palace, 8 km/5 miles northwest of Beijing, being the last Qing emperor to pass away in that Palace before it was burnt down by Anglo-French troops during the Second Opium War, a decade later. He was succeeded by his eldest surviving son, Yizhu, who was later enthroned as the Xianfeng Emperor. The Daoguang Emperor failed to understand the intention or determination of the Europeans, or the basic economics of a war on drugs. Although the Europeans were outnumbered and thousands of miles away from logistical support in their native countries, they could bring far superior firepower to bear at any point of contact along the Chinese coast. The Qing government was highly dependent on the continued flow of taxes from southern China via the Grand Canal, which the British expeditionary force easily cut off at Zhenjiang. The Daoguang Emperor ultimately had a poor understanding of the British and the industrial revolution that Britain and Western Europe had undergone, preferring to turn a blind eye to the rest of the world, though the distance from China to Europe most likely played a part. It was said that the emperor did not even know where Britain was located in the world. His 30-year reign introduced the initial onslaught by Western imperialism and foreign invasions that would plague China, in one form or another, for the next one hundred years.

The Daoguang Emperor was interred in the Mu (慕; lit. "Longing" or "Admiration") mausoleum complex, which is part of the Western Qing Tombs, 120 kilometers/75 miles southwest of Beijing.

On a side note, the Daoguang Emperor was the last Qing emperor to be able to choose an heir among his sons since his successors either had only one surviving son or had no offspring.

Family

Consorts and Issue

• Empress Xiaomucheng, of the Niohuru clan (孝穆成皇后 鈕祜祿氏; 1781 – 17 February 1808), fifth cousin eight times removed 嫡福晉

• Empress Xiaoshencheng, of the Tunggiya clan (孝慎成皇后 佟佳氏; 5 July 1792 – 16 June 1833)嫡福晉→皇后

　• Princess Duanmin of the First Rank (端憫固倫公主; 29 July 1813 – 7 December 1819), first daughter

• Empress Xiaoquancheng, of the Niohuru clan (孝全成皇后 鈕祜祿氏; 24 March 1808 – 13 February 1840)全貴人→全嬪→全妃→全貴妃→皇貴妃→皇后

　• Miscarriage (2 January 1824)

　• Princess Duanshun of the First Rank (端順固倫公主; 8 April 1825 – 27 December 1835), third daughter

　• Princess Shou'an of the First Rank (壽安固倫公主; 12 May 1826 – 24 March 1860), fourth daughter

　　• Married Demchüghjab (德穆楚克扎布; d. 1865) of the Naiman Borjigit clan on 15 November 1841

　• Yizhu, the Xianfeng Emperor (文宗 奕詝; 17 July 1831 – 22 August 1861), fourth son

• Empress Xiaojingcheng, of the Khorchin Borjigit clan (孝靜成皇后 博爾濟吉特氏; 19 June 1812 – 21 August 1855), fifth cousin靜貴人→靜嬪→靜妃→靜貴妃→皇貴妃..康慈皇貴妃→康慈皇太后

　• Yigang, Prince Shunhe of the Second Rank (順和郡王 奕綱; 22 November 1826 – 5 March 1827), second son

　• Miscarriage at four months (28 June 1828)

　• Yiji, Prince Huizhi of the Second Rank (慧質郡王 奕繼; 2 December 1829 – 22 January 1830), third son

　• Princess Shou'en of the First Rank (壽恩固倫公主; 20 January 1831 – 15 May 1859), sixth daughter

　　• Married Jingshou (景壽; 1829–1889) of the Manchu Fuca clan in May/June 1845, and had issue (one son)

　• Yixin, Prince Gongzhong of the First Rank (恭忠親王 奕䜣; 11 January 1833 – 29 May 1898), sixth son

• Imperial Noble Consort Zhuangshun, of the Uya clan (莊順皇貴妃 烏雅氏; 29 November 1822 – 13 December 1866)琳貴人→秀常在→琳貴人→琳嬪→琳妃→琳貴妃..琳皇貴妃

　• Yixuan, Prince Chunxian of the First Rank (醇賢親王 奕譞; 16 October 1840 – 1 January 1891), seventh son

　• Princess Shouzhuang of the First Rank (壽莊固倫公主; 24 March 1844 – 11 March 1935), ninth daughter

　　• Married Dehui (德徽; d. 1859) of the Bolod (博罗特) clan in December 1859 or January 1860 and had issue (daughter)

　• Yihe, Prince Zhongduan of the Second Rank (鐘端郡王 奕詥; 14 March 1844 – 17 December 1868), eighth son

　• Yihui, Prince Fujing of the Second Rank (孚敬郡王 奕譓; 15 November 1845 – 22 March 1877), ninth son

　• Miscarriage (1848)

• Noble Consort Tong, of the Šumuru clan (彤貴妃 舒穆魯氏; 3 June 1817 – 1877)睦貴人→彤嬪→彤妃→彤貴妃→彤貴人..彤嬪→彤貴妃

　• Seventh daughter (30 July 1840 – 27 January 1845)

　• Princess Shouxi of the Second Rank (壽禧和碩公主; 7 January 1842 – 10 September 1866), eighth daughter

　　• Married Jalafungga (扎拉豐阿; d. 1898) of the Manchu Niohuru clan in November/December 1863

　• Tenth daughter (4 May 1844 – 26 February 1845)

• Noble Consort Jia, of the Gogiya clan (佳貴妃 郭佳氏; 21 November 1816 – 24 May 1890)佳貴人→佳嬪→佳貴人..佳嬪→佳妃→佳貴妃

• Noble Consort Cheng, of the Niohuru clan (成貴妃 鈕祜祿氏; 10 March 1813 – 10 May 1888)成貴人→餘常在→成貴人..成嬪→成貴人→成嬪→成妃→成貴妃

• Consort He, of the Hoifa Nara clan (和妃 輝發那拉氏; d. 18 May 1836)官女子→側福晉→和嬪→和妃

　• Yiwei, Prince Yinzhi of the Second Rank (隱志郡王 奕緯; 16 May 1808 – 23 May 1831), first son and heir presumptive for the greater part of his father's early reign

• Consort Xiang, of the Niohuru clan (祥妃 鈕祜祿氏; 9 February 1808 – 15 February 1861)祥貴人→祥嬪→祥妃→祥貴人..祥嬪

　• Second daughter (2 March 1825 – 27 August 1825)

　• Princess Shouzang of the Second Rank (壽臧和碩公主; 15 November 1829 – 9 August 1856), fifth daughter

　　• Married Enchong (恩崇; d. 1864) of the Manchu Namdulu (那木都魯) clan on 3 January 1843

　• Yicong, Prince Dunqin of the First Rank (惇勤親王 奕誴; 23 July 1831 – 18 February 1889), fifth son; adopted by his uncle Miankai (綿愷) early on

• Consort Chang, of the Hešeri clan (常妃 赫舍里氏; 31 December 1808 – 10 May 1860)珍貴人→珍嬪→珍妃→珍嬪→常貴人..常嬪

• Concubine Tian, of the Fuca clan (恬嬪 富察氏; 15 April 1789 – 21 August 1845)側福晉→恬嬪

• Concubine Shun, of the Nara clan (順嬪 那拉氏; 28 February 1811 – 11 April 1868)順常在..順貴人→順常在→順貴人→順嬪

• Concubine Yu, of the Shang clan (豫嬪 尚氏; 20 December 1816 – 24 September 1897)玲常在→答應..常在→貴人→豫嬪

• Concubine Heng, of the Cai clan (恆嬪 蔡氏; d. 28 May 1876)宜貴人→宜常在→答應..常在→貴人→恆嬪

Ancestry

In fiction and popular culture

• Portrayed by Lo Chun-shun in The Rise and Fall of Qing Dynasty (1988)

• Portrayed by Du Zhiguo in Sigh of His Highness (2006)

• Portrayed by Sunny Chan in Curse of the Royal Harem (2011)

• Portrayed by Nono Yeung in Succession War (2018)

生平

早年

道光帝的本名為綿寧，乾隆四十七年八月初十日（1782年9月16日）出生於紫禁城擷芳殿內。他出生時，父親嘉慶帝顒琰尚為普通的皇子，母親喜塔拉氏為顒琰福晉（嫡妻）。綿寧出生之前，嘉慶帝長子已夭折。綿寧成為他實際上的長子。綿寧從小即十分聰明，乾隆五十六年（1791年）隨祖父乾隆帝打獵獲鹿，賜黃馬褂，賞戴雙眼花翎。

乾隆帝執政的後期，父親顒琰被立太子，乾隆帝禪讓，1796年（嘉慶元年）顒琰登基，同年，綿寧娶妻鈕祜祿氏。

1799年（嘉慶四年四月），嘉慶帝依照秘密建儲制，立綿寧為太子。嘉慶十三年（1808年），他的第一個孩子奕緯出生。

道光帝在繼位之前，其騎射武功在嘉慶帝諸子裡相當聞名，亦習得一手好槍法。嘉慶十八年（1813年），因天理教癸酉之變，取出宮中禁用的鳥銃，連殺二敵的英勇表現，封為「智親王」（ᠮᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨᡤᡤᡝ ᠴᡳᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ|v=mergengge cin wang），所執的鳥銃也被封為「威烈」。根據中央研究院歷史語言研究所內閣大庫檔案038280號，嘉慶25年封智親王、皇太子同時接任皇帝。

繼位

嘉慶二十五年（1820年）七月十八日，嘉慶帝到熱河木蘭圍獵，命皇次子智親王綿寧、皇四子瑞親王綿忻隨駕，嘉慶帝被形容為「身體豐腴，精神強固」，二十四日，到達熱河行宮，「聖躬不豫」。當天，嘉慶帝到城隍廟燒香，又到永佑宮行禮，二十五日，病情嚴重，當夜崩逝，死因不明，據今日推測，嘉慶帝死亡的原因可能是年逾花甲，身體肥胖，天氣暑熱，旅途勞頓，誘發腦中風或心臟病而卒死。綿寧繼位，得以禧恩為代表的宗室之建議和認同，又得到皇太后的中宮懿旨和皇弟瑞親王綿忻的贊同，最主要是有軍機大臣等開啟鐍匣的密諭。

即位

綿寧繼位後，免眾兄弟避諱改名比照父親顒琰改名，所以改名旻寧，定年號為道光。即位時正值鴉片氾濫，道光帝為挽救國家財政危機，也主張禁煙，多次下詔禁鴉片進口，禁止自種自製。之後鴉片戰爭爆發，由于道光帝戰守無策，時和時戰，再加上武器裝備上的差距，清朝戰敗于英國，並與英人簽訂和平條約，也是近代中國首條不平等條約──《南京條約》，割讓香港島及開放五口通商。

道光年間，推行三項改革措施：漕糧海運、改綱鹽法為票鹽法、允許開採礦產。

駕崩

道光三十年正月十四日（1850年2月25日），道光帝因堅持為其繼母恭慈皇太后守靈，以致生病，在圓明園九洲清晏殿駕崩，享壽六十八歲。安葬于清慕陵（今河北省易縣西）。咸豐元年正月初六日，庫掌祥麟持來報單一件，內開咸豐元年正月初四日總管內務府大臣面奉諭旨，恭繪熱河綏成殿宣宗成皇帝聖容，著沈振麟于正月底吉日敬謹恭繪。咸豐帝要求聖容要盤膝坐，前方設置放著《易經》首頁乾卦的書案。

遺詔

朕蒙皇考仁宗睿皇帝覆載隆恩。付畀神器。臨御天下。盈三十年。仰維列聖家法。一以敬天法祖勤政愛民為本。自維薄德。敢不朝乾夕惕。惟日孜孜。故自御極至今。凡披覽章奏。引對臣工。旰食宵衣。三十年如一日。不敢自暇自逸。並躬行節儉為天下先。嗣位之初。即頒手諭。首戒聲色貨利。一切游觀玩好。稍涉侈靡之事。禁絕勿為。此薄海臣民所共見。溯自西陲小蠢。出師撻伐。旋致敉平。何敢自矜武略。迨後東南瀕海之區。因貿易而啟紛爭。朕惟古之君子。愛人為大。何忍無辜赤子。慘罹鋒鏑。是用捐小忿。成大信。綏疆柔遠。于今十載。卒使毒焰自消。民夷各安生理。此朕孳孳愛民之隱衷。至今日而庶堪共諒者也。至水旱成災。朕竊自愧致累吾民。昕夕憂勞。不惜特發帑金。拯民疾苦。凡疆臣請蠲請賑。無不立沛恩施。從未屯膏靳澤。己飢己溺之懷。亦中外所共見。侍奉皇太后已及卅年。娛志承歡。敬謹罔懈。慎終盡禮差免愆尤。朕體氣素強。自上年春夏之交。偶爾違和。加意調攝。總未複元。去臘還宮後。痛遭大行皇太后大事。擗踊摧傷。漸形虧弱。邇來氣益上逆。病勢日臻。追維在位歷三十年。壽登六十有九。亦複何憾。顧念統緒至重。亟宜慎簡元良。纘承大業。本日卯刻。特召宗人府宗令、御前大臣、軍機大臣、內務府大臣、親降硃筆諭旨。立皇四子奕詝為皇太子。並諭王大臣等同心贊輔。無恤其他。乃降旨甫經半日。神氣漸散。豈非天乎。皇太子秉性仁孝。植德貞醇。必能欽承付託。其即皇帝位以嗣大統。天生民而立之君。使司牧之。惟刻矢憂勤惕勵。于以知人安民。永保我丕丕基。至于觀人之法。鑒空衡平。妍媸輕重自見。惟無私乃克有濟。兼願中外文武臣僚。精白乃心。各勤厥職。用輔嗣皇帝郅隆之治。則朕懷益慰矣。喪服仍依舊制二十七日而除。布告天下。咸使聞知。

評價

• 歷史學家孟森認為：「宣宗之庸暗，亦為清朝入關以來所未有。」稱這時期為「嘉道中衰」。

• 蔡東藩：「徒齊其末，未揣其本，省衣減膳之為，治家有餘，治國不足。」

大事年表

• 乾隆四十七年八月初十日，綿寧在擷芳殿出生。

• 嘉慶元年，以鈕祜祿氏為嫡福晉。

• 嘉慶十八年九月，封為智親王。

• 嘉慶二十五年七月，仁宗去世，綿寧繼位，更名旻寧。

• 道光元年十一月初八，頒布《御製聲色貨利諭》，勸導節儉。

• 道光八年，平定在西域新疆地區西南部為期八年的張格爾之亂，嚴禁新疆與支持白山派和卓張格爾反清的浩罕汗國通商。

• 道光十一年，浩罕汗國遣使議和進貢。

• 道光十二年，准許西域新疆地區與浩罕汗國重開貿易。

• 道光十三年七月二十三日，雲南嵩明發生一場8.0級地震。地震倒塌房屋48888間，草房38733間，壓死6700餘人。

• 道光十八年閏四月，黃爵滋奏請「將內地吸食鴉片者俱罪死」。十一月命林則徐為欽差大臣，赴廣東查禁鴉片。

• 道光十九年四月廿二日，虎門銷煙開始。

• 道光二十年五月二十九日，英艦封鎖廣州珠江口，鴉片戰爭正式開始。英艦北上，六月攻陷浙江定海，七月抵達天津附近，其後返回廣東。九月林則徐被革職。琦善與英方全權代表義律商議和約，十二月義律單方面公佈《穿鼻草約》。同年，位於喀什米爾地區東南部的拉達克王國，面臨錫克帝國查謨拉者古拉卜·辛格派遣左拉瓦爾·辛格兵團（主帥全名「左拉瓦爾·辛格·卡赫盧里拉」）進攻的亡國危機，遣使向大清駐藏大臣求援遭拒。

• 道光二十一年正月，英軍佔領香港島。道光帝不承認《穿鼻草約》，二月琦善被革職，押京審理。五月，錫克帝國屬地查謨-克什米爾地區多格拉人的左拉瓦爾·辛格·卡赫盧里拉兵團趁併吞拉達克王國的滅國威勢，進攻清屬西藏阿里地區，爆發森巴戰爭（藏人稱多格拉人為「森巴」）。

• 道光二十二年七月，英軍兵臨南京，清廷同意議和，《南京條約》立。冬季，西藏阿里地區西北部爆發的森巴戰爭，以錫克帝國多格拉兵團主帥左拉瓦爾·辛格·卡赫盧里拉和駐藏清軍交戰陣亡、餘眾敗走告終。

• 道光二十三年八月，《中英五口通商章程》立。

• 道光二十四年，中美簽訂《望廈條約》。

• 道光二十四年，中法簽訂《黃埔條約》。

• 道光二十六年正月，正式解除對天主教的禁令。

• 道光二十七年，平定在西域新疆地區西南部爆發的七和卓之亂。

• 道光三十年正月，道光皇帝在圓明園駕崩。

家族

后妃

皇后

• 孝穆成皇后，鈕祜祿氏，戶部尚書、一等子布顏達賚女。宣宗為皇子，嘉慶元年，仁宗冊后為嫡福晉。十三年正月戊午，薨。宣宗即位，追冊諡曰孝穆皇后。初葬王佐村，移寶華峪，以地宮浸水，再移龍泉峪，後即於此起慕陵焉。咸豐初，上諡。光緒間加諡，曰孝穆溫厚莊肅端誠恪惠寬欽孚天裕聖成皇后。

• 孝慎成皇后，佟佳氏，三等承恩公舒明阿女。宣宗為皇子，嫡福晉薨，仁宗冊后繼嫡福晉。宣宗即位，立為皇后。道光十三年四月己巳，崩，諡曰孝慎皇后，葬龍泉峪。咸豐初，上諡。光緒間加諡，曰孝慎敏肅哲順和懿誠惠敦恪熙天詒聖成皇后。女一，殤。

• 孝全成皇后，鈕祜祿氏，二等侍衛、一等男頤齡女。后事宣宗，冊全嬪。累進全貴妃。道光十一年六月己丑，文宗生。十三年，進皇貴妃，攝六宮事。十四年，立為皇后。二十年正月壬寅，崩，年三十三。宣宗親定諡曰孝全皇后，葬龍泉峪。咸豐初，上諡。光緒間加諡，曰孝全慈敬寬仁端愨安惠誠敏符天篤聖成皇后。子一，文宗。女二：一殤，一下嫁德穆楚克扎布。

• 孝靜成皇后（康慈太妃、康慈太后），博爾濟吉特氏，刑部員外郎花良阿女。后事宣宗為靜貴人。累進靜皇貴妃。孝全皇后崩，文宗方十歲，妃撫育有恩。文宗即位，尊為皇考康慈皇貴太妃，居壽康宮。咸豐五年七月，太妃病篤，尊為康慈皇太后。越九日庚午，崩，年四十四。子三：奕綱、奕繼、奕訢。女一，下嫁景壽。

皇貴妃

• 莊順皇貴妃，烏雅氏。事宣宗，為常在。進琳貴人，累進琳貴妃。文宗尊為皇考琳貴太妃。穆宗尊為皇祖琳皇貴太妃。同治五年，薨，命王公百官持服一日，諡曰莊順皇貴妃，葬慕東陵園寢。德宗朝，疊命增祭品，崇規制，上親詣行禮。封三代，皆一品。子三，奕譞、奕詥、奕譓。女一，下嫁德徽。

貴妃

• 彤貴妃，舒穆魯氏。事宣宗，為彤貴人。累進彤貴妃。複降貴人。文宗尊為皇考彤嬪。穆宗累尊為皇祖彤貴妃。女三，一下嫁扎拉豐阿，二殤。

• 佳貴妃，郭佳氏，事宣宗，初為常在，後進貴人、嬪，復降。歷咸豐、同治二朝進封。

• 成貴妃，鈕祜祿氏，事宣宗，為貴人，進嬪，復降。歷咸豐、同治二朝進封。

妃

• 和妃，那拉氏。初以官女子，事宣宗潛邸。嘉慶十三年，子奕緯生。仁宗特命為側室福晉。道光初，封和嬪。進和妃。

• 祥妃，鈕祜祿氏。事宣宗，為貴人。進嬪，復降。文宗尊為皇考祥妃。穆宗追尊為皇祖祥妃。子一，奕誴。女二，一殤，一下嫁恩崇。

• 常妃，赫舍里氏。初號珍貴人，道光四年四月封珍嬪，八月晉珍妃，復降常貴人，咸豐元年尊封常嬪，追封常妃。

嬪

• 恬嬪，富察氏，嘉慶時，為側福晉，道光二年冊封恬嬪，二十五年卒。

• 豫嬪，尚佳氏，道光十九年七月已為玲常在，道光二十年六月初二日，因故降為尚答應。道光三十年晉為皇考尚常在。咸豐十一年尊為尚貴人，同治十三年尊為豫嬪。

• 順嬪，輝發那拉氏（？—1868年），嘉慶十四年二月初六日子時生。初封順常在，道光四年九月晉順貴人。九年，降為順常在。道光三十年尊封順貴人，咸豐十一年尊封順嬪，同治七年三月十九日卒，年六十歲。四月初七日暫安田村。同治十一年四月十三日辰時，與李貴人一同奉移慕東陵西配殿。同治十二年二十五日，奉安慕東陵。

• 恆嬪，蔡佳氏，道光十四年入宮，初賜號宜貴人，後降宜常在，道光十八年八月十三日續降蔡答應。道光三十年晉為皇考常在，咸豐十一年尊為蔡貴人，同治十三年尊稱恆嬪，光緒二年卒。

貴人

• 平貴人，趙氏，道光二十二年卒。

• 李貴人，李氏，道光二十年三月十三日，郎中善保之女著封為意常在。同年十二月二十日，意常在降為李答應，退出官女子二名。道光三十年正月晉為皇考常在，居壽康宮壽二所。咸豐十一年尊為李貴人。

• 那貴人，輝發那拉氏，道光二十年二月十七日封為琭常在，同年十一月十七日晉為琭貴人，按貴人份例賞給。道光二十一年三月十八日降為琭常在。道光二十五年九月初十日，祿常在降為琭答應，十月二十七日琭常在降為那答應。道光三十年晉為皇考那常在，咸豐十一年尊為那貴人。

• 定貴人，孫氏，初入侍宣宗潛邸為格格，嘉慶二十五年封定貴人，道光二十二年卒

答應

• 睦答應，赫舍里氏，道光二年十月封睦貴人，道光十年十二月二十三晉睦嬪，道光十一年九月十一日降為睦貴人，未久又為常在、答應，最後降為官女子且投湖自盡，約於道光十五年追封為答應。

官女子

• 劉官女子，劉氏。二等侍衛官明之女，有一妹參加內務府選秀但落選。道光十一年四月前已入宮，封為蔓常在，道光十三年（1833）九月降為劉答應。道光十五年降為劉官女子，道光二十二年前卒。

皇子

• 奕緯（1808年－1831年），皇長子，隱志郡王，母和妃那拉氏；

• 奕綱（1826年－1827年），皇二子，順和郡王，母孝靜成皇后博爾濟吉特氏；

• 奕繼（1829年－1830年），皇三子，慧質郡王，母孝靜成皇后博爾濟吉特氏；

• 奕詝（1831年－1861年），皇四子，咸豐帝，母孝全成皇后鈕祜祿氏；

• 奕誴（1831年－1889年），皇五子，過繼給惇恪親王綿愷，為惇勤親王，母祥妃鈕祜祿氏；

• 奕訢（1833年－1898年），皇六子，恭忠親王，母孝靜成皇后博爾濟吉特氏；

• 奕譞（1840年－1891年），皇七子，醇賢親王，母莊順皇貴妃烏雅氏；

• 奕詥（1844年－1868年），皇八子，鐘端郡王，母莊順皇貴妃烏雅氏；

• 奕譓（1845年－1877年），皇九子，孚敬郡王，母莊順皇貴妃烏雅氏。

皇女

• 端憫固倫公主（1813年－1819年，6歲），皇長女，生母為孝慎成皇后佟佳氏；

• 皇二女（1825年），道光五年正月三十日出生，因先天不足誘發慢驚風，從六月十六日開始醫治，至七月十四日夭折。生母為祥妃鈕祜祿氏（時為祥嬪）。

• 端順固倫公主（1825年－1835年，10歲），皇三女，生母為孝全成皇后鈕祜祿氏；

• 壽安固倫公主（1826年－1860年，34歲），皇四女，生母為孝全成皇后鈕祜祿氏；

• 壽臧和碩公主（1829年－1856年，27歲），皇五女，生母為祥妃鈕祜祿氏；

• 壽恩固倫公主（1831年－1859年，28歲），皇六女，生母為孝靜成皇后博爾濟吉特氏；

• 皇七女（1840年－1844年，4歲），道光二十年七月初二生，道光二十四年十二月二十殤，生母為彤貴妃舒穆魯氏；

• 壽禧和碩公主（1841年－1866年，25歲），皇八女，生母為彤貴妃舒穆魯氏；

• 壽莊固倫公主（1842年－1884年，42歲），皇九女，生母為莊順皇貴妃烏雅氏；

• 皇十女（1844年－1845年，1歲），道光二十四年三月十七生，道光二十五年正月二十殤，生母為彤貴妃舒穆魯氏。

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