Life

Chaghan Temur's family originated from Central Asia. His great grandfather immigrated to China following the Mongols' invasion. He himself was from Shenqiu. When he was young, Chaghan Temur passed the imperial exam and obtained the degree of Juren.

In the year of 1351, there was an outburst of bandit raids in Chaghan Temur's hometown. Counties nearby were attacked and sacked. Out of self defense, Chaghan Temur organized local militia in Shenqiu to fight off the bandits. The news of a Juren improving public security was heard in the court. In 1352, Chaghan Temur became the darughachi of Runing Fu. He was able to gather as many as 10,000 people under his command at the time.

In 1355, he marched northward. After a series of successful battles, he managed to pacify the chaos of Hebei. The imperial court rewarded him with a civil position. In 1356, he was appointed the Bingbu Shangshu (Minister of war).

The rest of his life was spent on battlefield. The Yuan dynasty was in utter turbulence. Han Chinese farmers were oppressed under Yuan rule. Riot leader such as Han Shantong and Liu Futong caused the dynasty to strive for survival. Chaghan Temur managed to defeat Liu's force in Henan and consequently rescued Khanbaliq from the starvation resulted by the disruption of transportation of essential food supplies from South to North.Eventually Chaghan Temur was assassinated by Wang Shichen, a surrendered leader of farmer riots, in the year of 1362.

Posthumously, he was granted the title "Prince of Yingchuan" (颍川王) and a posthumous name "Zhongxiang" (忠襄), according to Confucian traditions.

His nephew and step-son Köke Temür was also a general who fought for the falling Yuan dynasty.

Sources

简介

祖籍北庭（今新疆吉木萨尔北）。梁王阿鲁温之子，祖乃蛮台，曾祖阔阔台随蒙古帝国大军进入中国，后世代定居于颖州沈丘（今安徽临泉县）。

元惠宗至正十二年（1352年），察罕帖木儿起兵对抗刘福通所领导的红巾军，并和李思齐一起攻破农民起义军占领的罗山，从此受到元政府的重视。随著察罕帖木儿不断挫败红巾军，其官职和地位逐渐上升，由汝宁府达鲁花赤升至兵部尚书，后历任陕西行省平章政事、河南行省平章政事兼河南行枢密院事，中书省平章政事、知河南山东行枢密院事。

1356年到1357年察罕帖木儿领兵在河南、山西和陕西击败李武、崔德；1358年击败毛贵率领的红巾军北伐军于山西；

至正十八年五月五日（1358年6月11日），元帝国汴梁守将竹贞弃城逃走，红巾军将领刘福通攻克汴梁，把汴梁定为红巾军宋政权都城；至正十九年八月十八日（1359年9月10日），察罕帖木儿攻破红巾军宋政权都城汴梁；刘福通和韩林儿等人率数百骑兵逃往安丰。察罕帖木儿攻克汴梁后，军纪严明，城中居民生活不受影响，不久河南全境平定。因为军功朝廷拜为河南行省平章政事，兼知河南行枢密院事、陕西行台御史中丞，仍便宜行事。

遇刺

1361年察罕帖木儿攻打山东红巾起义军，占领济南，包围益都；至正二十二年六月十五日（1362年7月6日）被降将田丰、王士诚刺杀。

察罕帖木儿在北方和红巾军作战期间，由于势力强大，至正二十一年八月初一（1361年8月31日），占据应天的朱元璋遣使者至汴梁，主动要求与之通好。察罕帖木儿遂派使者前往招降。朱元璋扣下使者，拒不回应。1362年7月6日，察罕帖木儿被降将田丰、王士诚刺杀，朱元璋立即将使者杀死。

子女

• 扩廓帖木儿（王保保）：察罕帖木儿的外甥、养子。在其死后，拜太尉、中书省平章政事、知枢密院事、银青荣禄大夫，继承其军队。至正二十二年十一月初四日（1362年11月20日），扩廓帖木儿率军攻克益都，杀死田丰、王士诚，为察罕帖木儿复仇。至正二十八年八月二日（1368年9月14日），明军攻克元大都，大元帝国对中国的统治结束，退回本部蒙古草原，继续和明朝对抗，史称北元，扩廓帖木儿成为北元朝廷的支柱，在塞北和新兴的明朝长期对抗。朱元璋在北伐期间，曾前往河南坐镇指挥，并祭祀察罕帖木儿的坟墓，以感化并招降王保保，但没有效果。

• 脱因帖木儿

• 耐驴

• 观音奴，被明军俘获，嫁给秦王朱樉，1395年被迫殉葬。

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