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金幼孜 Jin Youzi[View] [Edit] [History]ctext:603395
| Relation | Target | Textual basis |
|---|---|---|
| type | person | |
| name | 金幼孜 | |
| pinyin Jīn Yòuzī | ||
| died-date | 宣德六年十二月丁未 1432/1/19 | 《明史·本紀第九 宣宗》：丁未，金幼孜卒。 |
| born | 1366 | |
| died | 1431 | |
| authority-cbdb | 34486 | |
| authority-viaf | 72706949 | |
| authority-wikidata | Q10268371 | |
| link-wikipedia_zh | 金幼孜 | |
| exam-status | examstatus:舉人 | |
| from-date 建文己卯年 1399/2/6 - 1400/1/25 | 《四庫全書總目提要·卷52 史部·雜史類存目一》：幼孜本名善，以字行，新淦人。建文己卯舉人。 | |
| exam-status | examstatus:進士 | |
| from-date 建文二年 1400/1/26 - 1401/1/14 | 《明史·列傳第三十五》：金幼孜，名善，以字行，新淦人。建文二年進士。 | |
| associated-dynasty | dynasty:明 | 《四庫全書總目提要·卷52 史部·雜史類存目一》：明金幼孜撰。 |
Jin Youzi (1368 - 1432), whose given name was , with the courtesy name Youzi, and who went by his courtesy name, had a studio named Tui An. He was posthumously honored with the title Wenjing'' and hailed from Pei Mountain in Xin Gan (presently Luo Tian Town, Xia Jiang County). A political figure of the Ming Dynasty, he held positions such as Grand Secretary of Wuying Hall and Minister of Rites.Read more...: Biography During the Jianwen Era During the Yongle Era During the Hongxi and Xuande Eras References
Biography
During the Jianwen Era
In the Jiangxi provincial examination, he ranked ninth. In Jianwen second year (1400), he passed the imperial examination and was appointed as a Censor in the Ministry of Revenue.
During the Yongle Era
After Emperor Chengzu ascended the throne, Jin Youzi was reassigned to serve as a Proofreader in the Hanlin Academy. He worked alongside Xie Jin and others, entering service at Wenyuan Pavilion and later being promoted to Lecturer. At that time, officials of the Hanlin Academy and the Bureau of Education had to prepare lectures on Confucian classics for the Crown Prince. These would be reviewed by cabinet ministers, presented to the emperor for approval, and then delivered. During this period, Xie Jin lectured on the Book of Documents, Yang Shiqi on the I Ching, and Hu Guang on the Poetry Classic. Jin Youzi lectured on the
In Yongle fifth year (1407), Jin Youzi was promoted to Right Lecturer-in-Attendance and Lecturer. Emperor Chengzu then issued an edict to the Ministry of Personnel, stating that officials like Hu Guang and Jin Youzi, who were serving in the cabinet, had completed their terms and should not be reassigned to other positions. In Yongle seventh year, Jin Youzi accompanied Emperor Chengzu to Beijing. The following year, when Emperor Chengzu led a northern expedition, Jin Youzi joined Hu Guang and Yang Rong. When the imperial procession halted at Qing Shui Yuan and a spring emerged, Jin Youzi composed an inscription while Yang Rong wrote a poem. Both were highly praised by Emperor Chengzu. The emperor respected Jin Youzi's literary talent and often ordered him to record important geographical locations as they traveled. When envoys arrived from the Oirat, Emperor Chengzu had Jin Youzi and others ride alongside his carriage to discuss enemy matters, showing great trust in him.
During a northern expedition, Jin Youzi, along with Hu Guang, Yang Rong, and the Minister of Works Jin Chun, got lost in a valley. At night, Jin Youzi fell off his horse. Hu Guang and Jin Chun had already left without him, but Yang Rong helped him remount. After a while, Jin Youzi fell again, and Yang Rong gave him his own horse. They arrived at the camp the next day. Emperor Chengzu sent out several messengers to search for them, but they were not found until their return, which greatly pleased the emperor. Thereafter, whenever Emperor Chengzu led northern expeditions, Jin Youzi always accompanied him and wrote The Record of the First Northern Expedition and The Record of the Second Northern Expedition. In Yongle twelfth year, he was ordered to work with Hu Guang, Yang Rong, and others on compiling The Five Classics, Four Books, and the Complete Works of Principle and Nature, and was promoted to Hanlin Scholar. In Yongle eighteenth year, Jin Youzi and Yang Rong were appointed as Grand Secretaries of Wenyuan Pavilion.
In Yongle twenty-second year (1424), during a northern expedition, soldiers became fatigued, and Emperor Chengzu asked his ministers for advice. No one dared to speak up except Jin Youzi, who advised against further advance. The emperor did not listen. Upon reaching Kai Ping, Emperor Chengzu told Yang Rong and Jin Youzi: "I have had two dreams where a deity said that the Heavenly Lord values life. What does this signify?" They replied, "Your Majesty's campaign is to eliminate violence and ensure peace for the people. However, when Kunlun Mountain burns, both jade and stone are destroyed. We hope Your Majesty will take heed." The emperor agreed with their advice and immediately ordered them to draft an edict to inform the Mongol tribes. When the army returned to Yu Mu Chuan, Emperor Chengzu passed away. Eunuchs like Ma Yun were at a loss and discussed matters with Yang Rong and Jin Youzi in the imperial tent. They suggested keeping the emperor's death secret, preparing his body according to proper rites, encasing it in tin, and placing it on a carriage. Daily meals were served as usual, but military discipline was strictly enforced to maintain secrecy. Yang Rong went to the capital to announce the emperor's death, while Jin Youzi escorted the coffin back.
During the Hongxi and Xuande Eras
Emperor Renzong appointed Jin Youzi as Deputy Minister of Revenue and Grand Secretary of Wenyuan Pavilion. Soon after, he was promoted to Grand Tutor of the Crown Prince and Grand Secretary of Wuying Pavilion. In October of that year, Emperor Renzong ordered Jin Youzi, Yang Rong, and Yang Shiqi to record the crimes of prisoners outside Chentian Gate. The emperor issued an edict that serious cases must be reviewed by Jin Youzi, Yang Rong, and Yang Shiqi. When Emperor Renzong inspected imperial decrees at the West Corner Gate, he told the three scholars: "You three, along with Jian Yi and Xia Yuanji, are old ministers from the previous reign. I rely on you to assist me. I have observed that in past dynasties, emperors disliked hearing honest advice, even from those they trusted. They feared their power and conformed to imperial will, remaining silent to please the emperor. When virtuous ministers' advice was ignored, they would withdraw and remain silent. We must be vigilant against this." Jin Youzi and the others bowed in gratitude.
In Hongxi first year (1425), Jin Youzi was appointed as Minister of Rites, retaining his positions as Grand Secretary and Hanlin Scholar, receiving the salaries of three positions. Soon after, he requested leave to visit his mother. The following year, his mother passed away.
Emperor Xuande ordered Jin Youzi to resume his original post and tasked him with compiling the official histories of Emperor Chengzu and Emperor Renzong, serving as chief editor. In Xuande third year (1428), he was sent to Ningxia to confer the title of Princess Consort on a member of the Qingfu Royal House. During his journey, he inquired about the hardships of soldiers and civilians, returning with reports that Emperor Xuande praised and adopted. Soon after, Jin Youzi accompanied Emperor Xuande on an inspection tour of the border regions. Passing by Ji Ming Shan, Emperor Xuande said: "During Tang Taizong's northern campaign, he, -2, \
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References
金幼孜（1368年 - 1432年），名善，字幼孜，以字行，室號退庵，謚文靖，江西新淦徘山（今屬峽江縣羅田鎮）人。明朝政治人物，官至武英殿大學士、禮部尚書。Read more...: 生平 建文年間 永樂年間 洪熙、宣德年間 著作 注釋 參考資料
生平
建文年間
江西鄉試第九名。建文二年（1400年）中進士。授戶科給事中。
永樂年間
明成祖即位後，金幼孜改任翰林院檢討，與解縉等人一同入值文淵閣，再升為侍講。當時，翰林院和坊局之臣在東宮講書，都要先準備經義，由閣臣閱正後，上呈皇帝批覽，然後才得以進講。當時解縉講《尚書》，楊士奇講《易經》，胡廣講《詩經》；金幼孜講《春秋》，他藉此機會呈上《春秋要旨》三卷。
永樂五年（1407年），金幼孜升任右諭德兼侍講，明成祖並傳諭吏部，說在入值內閣的胡廣、金幼孜等人已任滿，不要改任他職。永樂七年，金幼孜隨從明成祖到北京。第二年明成祖北征，金幼孜與胡廣、楊榮隨行。成祖鑾駕駐陛清水源，適逢有泉水湧出，金幼孜獻上銘，楊榮獻上詩，明成祖都以最高等級給予慰勞。明成祖敬重金幼孜的文學才華，所過山川要害之地，都命他加以記載，金幼孜便在馬鞍上當場起草。使者從瓦剌來，明成祖召金幼孜等人傍車輿而行，談論敵方之事，對他很親信和倚重。
北征期間，幼孜曾與胡廣、楊榮和侍郎金純迷路，陷于谷中。天黑時，金幼孜墜馬，此時胡廣、金純二人已經去而不顧，楊榮為他結鞍再行。走了一會兒金幼孜又從馬上墜下，楊榮便將自己的馬讓給他騎，第二天才到達行在。那天晚上，明成祖派出十幾名使者追尋找楊榮和金幼孜，但都沒有找到。他們回來後，明成祖十分高興。此後成祖每次北征，金幼孜都隨從，他還撰寫了《前北征錄》和《後北征錄》。永樂十二年，金幼孜受命與胡廣、楊榮等人編纂《五經四書性理大全》，並升為翰林學士。永樂十八年，金幼孜與楊榮一同任文淵閣大學士。
永樂二十二年（1424年），金幼孜隨從明成祖北征，途中士兵疲憊，明成祖向群臣詢問對策，無人敢回答，只有金幼孜說不宜深入，明成祖不聽。到達開平時，明成祖對楊榮、金幼孜說：「朕兩次夢見神仙說上帝好生，這是什麼祥瑞？」楊榮、金幼孜回答說：「陛下此舉，固然是為了除暴安民。然而火燒崑崙，玉石俱毀，希望陛下留意。」明成祖同意他們的意見，當即命他們起草詔書，詔諭蒙古各部落。大軍回到榆木川時，明成祖逝世。中官馬雲等人不知所措，只能與楊榮、金幼孜進入御幄商議。兩人則稱，部隊現在在外，離京師尚遠，應該秘不發喪。以禮入斂、熔錫為椑，載置于輿中。而每日的進膳則如常，但日益嚴厲軍令，使人無法預測。楊榮到京師報喪，金幼孜護梓宮返回。
洪熙、宣德年間
明仁宗即位，金幼孜被任為戶部右侍郎兼文淵閣大學士。不久加封為太子少保兼武英殿大學士。同年十月，仁宗命金幼孜、楊榮、楊士奇在承天門外共同記錄囚犯的罪狀。明仁宗詔令法司，審查重案囚犯必須會同金幼孜、楊榮、楊士奇三位學士一齊辦理。明仁宗御臨西角門閱覽廷臣們制誥，對三學士說：「你們三人和蹇義、夏原吉兩位尚書，都是先帝留下來的舊臣，朕正依賴你們來輔佐。朕曾見前代君王不喜歡聽直言，即便是一向親信的人，也懼怕主威而順從旨意，緘默不言以取悅君王。賢良之臣的話不被採納，便會退而閉口。朕與諸位愛卿應當深以此為戒。」金幼孜等人叩頭致謝。洪熙元年（1425年），金幼孜升任禮部尚書，仍兼大學士、翰林學士，食三職俸祿。金幼孜不久請求回家探母。第二年，他母親去世。
明宣宗即位後，詔令金幼孜恢復原職，命他修撰明成祖、明仁宗兩朝實錄，充任總裁官。宣德三年（1428年），金幼孜持節到寧夏，冊封慶府郡王妃。他經過各地時，都詢問軍民疾苦，回來後上奏明宣宗，宣宗都讚許而採納。不久，金幼孜隨從明宣宗巡視邊境，經過雞鳴山時，明宣宗說：「唐太宗仗勢英武征遼時，曾經過此山。」金幼孜回答說：「唐太宗不久便後悔此次戰役，因此修建了憫忠閣。」明宣宗說：「此山在元順帝時崩塌了，成為元朝滅亡的徵兆。」金幼孜回答說：「順帝是亡國之主，即使山不崩，國家也一定會滅亡。」宣德六年十二月十六日（1432年1月19日），金幼孜去世，終年六十四歲。追贈少保，謚號「文靖」。
金幼孜為人平易，沉默寡言，心胸開闊。雖很受皇帝寵信，但他自己更加謙虛。他給自己起居之室命名為「退庵」。他病重時，家人囑咐他請求身後之恩，但金幼孜不聽，說：「這是君子不齒的行為。」
著作
著有《北征錄》及《後北征錄》。後人集其遺文輯成《文靖公全集》。
注釋
參考資料
• 金幼孜 (維基百科)
| Source | Relation |
|---|---|
| 北征前錄 | creator |
| 北征錄 | creator |
| 春秋直指 | creator |
| 春秋要旨 | creator |
| 金文靖集 | creator |
| Text | Count |
|---|---|
| 明史 | 27 |
| 四庫全書總目提要 | 6 |
| 千頃堂書目 | 5 |
| 陶廬雜錄 | 3 |
| 四庫全書簡明目錄 | 1 |
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