Biography

Zha was born Zha Silian in 1650 in Haining, Zhejiang. He had two younger brothers, Zha Sixun and Zha Siting. In his early years, he studied Confucian Classics under Confucianist Huang Zongxi. At the age of 19, he became a student of Ye Boyin. At the age of 20, he began traveling around the country. In 1689, he was dismissed and sent home for involvement in the case of Hong Sheng. In 1703, he sat for the imperial examination and obtained the position of a Jinshi. He was assigned to the Hanlin Academy and the Southern Study. In 1727, his brother Zha Siting committed a literary inquisition, he was also arrested. Yongzheng Emperor knew that he was prudent and righteous, and intentionally let him return to his hometown. He died in the following year.

生平

順治七年庚寅（1650年），五月初七日酉時生。受經史於黃宗羲，受詩法於錢澄之，聲名早著。曾在納蘭明珠府中教授其幼子。康熙二十八年，牽涉洪昇《長生殿》的國恤張樂事件，遭革職，驅逐回籍。期間其改名換字，籍貫改作錢塘。康熙四十二年（1703年）進士，後成為翰林院編修，入值南書房。

雍正五年（1727年），弟查嗣庭犯文字獄，查慎行也遭牽連，被逮捕。世宗知其端謹，特許其歸返回田裡。秋八月十日辰時先生卒。其長子克建、堂弟嗣珣都是進士。當時稱為「一門七進士、叔侄五翰林」。

著作

查慎行的詩主要學習宋人，特別是蘇軾和陸游。他注過蘇軾的詩，題為《補注東坡編年詩》，共五十卷。他的律詩、絕詩純為議論，格調老成。古詩有氣勢。

趙翼《甌北詩話》寫：「要真功力之深，則香山、放翁後一人而已。」那「一人」便是指查慎行。

他著述甚豐，詩收在《敬業堂詩集》（53集，50卷，收錄康熙18年至康熙57年所作的詩）、《敬業堂詩續集》（7集，6卷，康熙57年至雍正5年），文收在《敬業堂文集》，在易學方面有《周易玩辭集解》十卷、《易說》一卷，另著有《人海記》二卷。

家族

查慎行是當代作家金庸的同族，金庸小說《鹿鼎記》的回目都是集查慎行詩中的對句。

參考

• 《清史稿·列傳二百七十一 文苑一》

• 《清史稿·藝文志》

• 《清詩紀事初編卷七》

• 周劭《帝皇詩文的捉刀人》，收錄在《黃昏小品》（ISBN 7532512355）內

• 高津孝：〈論查初白《詣獄集》〉。