Early life

It is not known when Xiao Yuanming was born. His father Xiao Yi (蕭懿) was a major general during late Southern Qi, and of Xiao Yi's sons, five (perhaps all) are known to history. Xiao Yuanming was the youngest among these sons. As Xiao Yi was forced to commit suicide by Southern Qi's cruel emperor Xiao Baojuan in 500, Xiao Yuanming could not have been born any later than 501.

After Xiao Yi's death, Xiao Yi's younger brother and Xiao Yuanming's uncle Xiao Yan rebelled at his post of Xiangyang, seeking to avenge Xiao Yi. By 502 he put the capital Jiankang under siege, and Xiao Baojuan was killed by his own generals. Later that year, Xiao Yan seized the throne from Xiao Baojuan's younger brother Emperor He of Southern Qi, ending Southern Qi and establishing Liang Dynasty (as Emperor Wu). Emperor Wu was said to love Xiao Yuanming greatly, and he created Xiao Yuanming the Marquess of Zhenyang.

Career as Liang official

Nothing is known about Xiao Yuanming's career as an official until 547, when it was recorded that he was the governor of Yu Province (豫州, modern central Anhui). The people were said to be so impressed by his governance that they made a stone monument commemorating his term of office. However, it became known later that the artisans who carved the monument were associated with and paid by Xiao Yuanming. Therefore, it became widely believed that he had encouraged the people to create the monument to praise himself.

In 547, the Eastern Wei general Hou Jing, in conflict with the regent Gao Cheng, surrendered his domain—13 provinces between the Yellow River and the Huai River—to Liang. Emperor Wu accepted Hou's surrender and commissioned an army to aid Hou, to be commanded by Emperor Wu's grandson Xiao Huili (蕭會理) the Prince of Nankang. Xiao Yuanming requested to accompany Xiao Huili, and was made Xiao Huili's assistant. However, Xiao Huili was cowardly and arrogant, and he refused to meet his subordinate generals, even Xiao Yuanming. Xiao Yuanming secretly informed Emperor Wu of this, and Emperor Wu relieved Xiao Huili of his command and put Xiao Yuanming in command.

The Liang army, commanded by Xiao Yuanming, advanced on the Eastern Wei city Pengcheng (彭城, in modern Xuzhou, Jiangsu), and Xiao Yuanming camped at Hanshan (寒山), in Pengcheng's vicinity, and built a dam over Si River (泗水) to use water to attack Pengcheng. Xiao Yuanming's lieutenant, the general Yang Kan (羊侃), quickly completed the dam, but when Yang advised Xiao Yuanming to attack Pengcheng, Xiao Yuanming hesitated. Because Xiao Yuanming could not come up with a coordinated strategy, the generals under him began to carry out their own actions, including pillaging the people in the region, and Xiao Yuanming was unable to stop them, save the units directly under his own command.

Late in 547, the Eastern Wei forces commanded by Murong Shaozong (慕容紹宗) arrived, and instead of engaging the Eastern Wei forces quickly as Yang suggested, Xiao Yuanming became drunk with wine and allowed Murong's army to settle in. When the armies did engage, the Liang forces were initially successful, but Murong's counterattack caused Liang forces to collapse, and Xiao Yuanming was captured. However, the people of the region was impressed by his refusal to pillage them, and gave him the epithet "the righteous prince" (義王, yi wang). He was taken to the Eastern Wei capital Yecheng (鄴城, in modern Handan, Hebei), where Emperor Xiaojing of Eastern Wei formally received and rebuked him, and then released him, sending him to Gao Cheng's headquarters at Jinyang (晉陽, in modern Taiyuan, Shanxi), where Gao treated him with honor—intending to use Xiao Yuanming as a pawn in negotiations with Liang. Subsequently, Gao allowed Xiao Yuanming to write to Emperor Wu and offered to return Xiao Yuanming—causing Hou, who had by that point lost the 13 provinces but controlled Yu Province, to rebel in 548, capturing Jiankang in 549, taking Emperor Wu and his crown prince Xiao Gang hostages, and throwing Liang into a general state of confusion and unrest.

Return to Liang

Little is known about Xiao Yuanming's activities while in Eastern Wei and its successor state Northern Qi (as Gao Cheng's successor and brother Gao Yang seized the throne from Emperor Xiaojing in 550 and established Northern Qi as its Emperor Wenxuan), although it was said that Xiao Yuanming cried bitterly when he heard about the fall of Jiankang. He was given the office of sanqi changshi (散騎常侍) -- an honorific office with little responsibilities.

In 552, Emperor Wu's son Xiao Yi the Prince of Xiangdong defeated Hou and declared himself emperor (as Emperor Yuan), setting his capital at Jiangling (江陵, in modern Jingzhou, Hubei) rather than the war-devastated Jiankang, but in 554, Western Wei forces captured Jiangling, capturing and then executing Emperor Yuan. In light of Emperor Yuan's death, his most important general Wang Sengbian and Wang's lieutenant Chen Baxian, who together controlled the eastern empire, welcomed Emperor Yuan's 12-year-old son Xiao Fangzhi to Jiankang, preparing to make him emperor, and in spring 555, Xiao Fangzhi took the title Prince of Liang.

At that time, however, Emperor Wenxuan, who had previously made an unsuccessful attempt to establish Xiao Yuanming's cousin Xiao Tui (蕭退) as Liang's emperor in 553, decided to again try to establish a vassal regime in Liang. He wrote Wang, suggesting that Xiao Fangzhi was too young to be emperor and proposing Xiao Yuanming as emperor—and Xiao Yuanming apparently cooperated with Emperor Wenxuan in this attempt, as he wrote a letter to Wang as well. Wang initially wrote back to reject the offer. However, a few quick victories by Northern Qi escort forces, commanded by Emperor Wenxuan's brother Gao Huan (高渙) the Prince of Shangdang, made Wang fearful, and he wrote back, agreeing to support Xiao Yuanming as emperor—but extracting a promise from Xiao Yuanming to create Xiao Fangzhi crown prince. Wang also allowedly only 1,000 soldiers to accompany Xiao Yuanming south of the Yangtze River. In summer 555, Xiao Yuanming arrived at Jiankang, and as he saw the main gate to the palace—Zhuque Gate (朱雀門), he cried bitterly, and the Liang officials also cried bitterly. He then took the throne. Pursuant to his promise, he created Xiao Fangzhi crown prince. Wang and Chen continued to be in command of the armed forces.

Reign

Xiao Yuanming's reign did not last long. In fall 555, Chen Baxian, displeased with Xiao Yuanming's ascension—which he had tried to persuade Wang Sengbian not to accept—made a surprise attack on Jiankang from his post at Jingkou (京口, in modern Zhenjiang, Jiangsu). With everyone believing that Chen's army movement was in response to report that Northern Qi was planning to attack, Jiankang's defense forces made no effort to resist, and Chen surprised Wang, killing him and seizing power. Two days after Wang's death, Xiao Yuanming abdicated and moved out of the palace, returning to his private residence. Chen made Xiao Fangzhi emperor (as Emperor Jing).

After abdication

Emperor Jing formally made Xiao Yuanming prime minister and created him the greater title of Duke of Jian'an, although there is no evidence that Xiao Yuanming yielded much actual power.

In light of the coup, Northern Qi launched a major attack on Liang in winter 555, aided by Liang generals loyal to Wang Sengbian. The Northern Qi and Liang armies following Chen Baxian's orders stalemated for months. In summer 556, Northern Qi generals invited Xiao Yuanming to their camp for peace negotiations, and Chen sent Xiao Yuanming to the Northern Qi camp. However, before any negotiations could commence, Xiao Yuanming died from a severe infection on his back. In 558, Xiao Zhuang the Prince of Yongjia (Emperor Yuan's grandson), who was proclaimed Liang's emperor by the general Wang Lin following Chen's seizure of the throne from Emperor Jing earlier that year, honored Xiao Yuanming as Emperor Min—a posthumous name recognized by but rarely used by traditional historians.

Family

Sons:

• Xiao Zhang (蕭章)

• Xiao Yu (蕭遇)

• Xiao Dao (蕭道)

• Xiao Dun, Prince Gaotang (高唐王 蕭盾)

Ancestry

生平

蕭淵明最早封貞陽侯，後擔任豫州刺史；在侯景背叛東魏投降南梁之時，蕭衍命蕭淵明與侯景北伐攻打東魏，結果蕭淵明兵敗被俘。侯景曾偽造東魏書信稱願意放還蕭淵明交換侯景，蕭衍回信答應「貞陽朝至，侯景夕返」，侯景遂罵蕭衍薄心腸而作亂。

後在西魏攻陷江陵殺害梁孝元帝時，王僧辯、陳霸先意圖擁立元帝子蕭方智為帝，先立蕭方智為梁王；北齊文宣帝高洋與上黨王高渙於555年送回蕭淵明，準備讓蕭淵明成為北齊支持的傀儡皇帝，王僧辯未能抵抗齊軍，于是接受蕭淵明，但要求立蕭方智為皇太子；五月丙午（7月1日），蕭淵明於是即帝位，改年號為天成，並立蕭方智為皇太子。不久後陳霸先誅王僧辯，並於九月丙午（10月29日）廢蕭淵明，改立蕭方智為皇帝。蕭淵明改封建安公。

紹泰二年（556年）五月，北齊要求南梁送回蕭淵明，陳霸先也準備將蕭淵明送還北齊。但還沒有出發蕭淵明便於五月癸未（6月2日）病故。蕭莊在北齊支持下稱帝之後，諡蕭淵明為閔皇帝。

後代

• 子：蕭章

• 子：蕭盾，高唐郡王。

　• 孫：蕭岱，代郡太守、高邑公。

　　• 曾孫：蕭憬，湖州司馬。

　　　• 玄孫：蕭元祐，郢州京山縣令。

　　　　• 五世孫：蕭誼，司農寺主簿。

　　　　　• 六世孫女：行嚴（732年－796年），僧人。

　　　　　• 六世孫：蕭放（742年－783年），排行第四，河南府兵曹參軍。夫人河東薛氏（－783年），平陽郡王薛嵩之女。

　　　　　　• 七世孫：蕭縱，排行第一，潤州別駕兼殿中侍御史。

　　　　　　• 七世孫：蕭絳，排行第二，青州北海縣尉。

　　　　　　• 七世孫：蕭綬，排行第三，魏州參軍。

　　　　　　• 七世孫女：蕭氏，排行第一，嫁朗州録事參軍陸琳。

　　　　　　• 七世孫女：蕭氏，排行第二，嫁滄景從事、監察御史薛郢。

　　　　　　• 七世孫女：蕭氏，排行第三，嫁鄉貢進士殷從長。

　　　• 玄孫：蕭元祚（640年－706年），字元祚，排行第五，袁州萍鄉縣令。夫人晉昌唐氏（－715年），尚乘直長唐綱長女。

　　　　• 五世孫：蕭光隣，果毅都尉。

　　　　• 五世孫：蕭誠，司勳員外郎。

　　　　• 五世孫：蕭諒（690年－747年），字子信，臨汝郡太守、桂陽郡司馬。夫人咸寧縣君京兆韋氏，坊州刺史韋餘慶之孫，奉先縣令韋景駿之女。

　　　　　• 六世孫：蕭直（724年－769年），字正仲，排行第一，給事中，贈吏部侍郎。

　　　　　　• 七世孫：蕭策，檢校員外郎。

　　　　　　• 七世孫：蕭密

　　　　　　• 七世孫：蕭莒

　　　　　　• 七世孫：蕭節

　　　　　　• 七世孫：蕭革，邵州刺史。

　　　　　　　• 八世孫：蕭嶰，字應之

　　　　　　　　• 九世孫：蕭說，字僧弼

　　　　　　　• 八世孫：蕭鄴，字啟之，唐宣宗時宰相。

　　　　　　　• 八世孫：蕭峴

　　　　　　　　• 九世孫：蕭翥，字文舉

　　　　　• 六世孫：蕭立（726年－），排行第二，殿中侍御史，贈考功郎中。

　　　• 玄孫：蕭元禮（648年－698年），字令恭，定州鼓城縣丞，定州失陷後被突厥殺害，贈相州刺史。夫人敦煌張氏，鄯州都督張師昉之孫，閬州參軍張斌之女。

　　　　• 五世孫：蕭𧬨（673年－735年），商州刺史。夫人畢氏。

　　　　　• 六世孫：蕭坦

　　　　• 五世孫：蕭諼（684年－743年），字諼，義陽郡太守。夫人河東柳氏。

　　　　　• 六世孫：蕭倚

　　　　　• 六世孫：蕭均（730年－752年）

　　　　　• 六世孫女：蕭氏，嫁潁川郡長葛縣主簿馮偁。

　　　　　• 六世孫女：蕭寵，嫁馮翊郡朝邑縣尉沈氏。

　　　　• 五世孫：蕭詮，大理評事。

　　　　　• 六世孫：蕭震（735年－792年），大理評事、成都府功曹。夫人河東暢氏。

　　　　　　• 七世孫：蕭範

　　　　　• 六世孫：蕭某

　　　　　　• 七世孫：蕭纂

　　　• 玄孫：蕭元禎，慶州司馬。

　　　　• 五世孫：蕭詢，申州錄事參軍。

　　　　　• 六世孫：蕭怤（713年－768年），右武衛長史。夫人南陽張氏（731年－807年），緱氏縣主簿張懷道之孫，祠部郎中張曉之女。

　　　　　　• 七世孫：蕭綵

　　　　　　• 七世孫：蕭緄

　　　• 玄孫：蕭元福，泗州司士參軍。

　　　　• 五世孫：蕭讓（687年－734年），字讓，排行第一，管城縣主簿。

　　　• 玄孫：蕭某

　　　　• 五世孫：蕭某

　　　　　• 六世孫：蕭某

　　　　　　• 七世孫：蕭籍，太子右庶子。