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劉胤[View] [Edit] [History]ctext:7844008
See also: 劉胤 (ctext:264996)
Relation | Target | Textual basis |
---|---|---|
type | person | |
name | 劉胤 | |
died | 329 | |
authority-wikidata | Q1031608 | |
link-wikipedia_zh | 劉胤_(漢趙) | |
link-wikipedia_en | Liu_Yin_(Han-Zhao) |

Liu Yin was Liu Yao's son by his probable first wife, Princess Bu, while he was still the Prince of Qin. He had an older brother, Liu Jian (劉儉). When Liu Jian was nine and Liu Yin was four, the emperor Liu Cong saw them, and was very impressed by Liu Yin. He told Liu Yao to make Liu Yin his heir. Liu Yao responded that he was just an imperial prince and should not reverse the proper order of heirship. Liu Cong instead told him that due to his contributions to Han-Zhao, he was unlike other princes, and that he should make Liu Yin, who he felt was more talented, the heir. He therefore created Liu Jian the Prince of Linhai and created Liu Yin as the heir to Liu Yao. As Liu Yin grew up, he became strong and skillful at horsemanship and archery, and was so quick in his reaction that he was compared to a whirlwind.
When Liu Cong's successor Liu Can was overthrown by Jin Zhun in 318, Jin massacred members of the Liu clan in the capital Pingyang (平陽, in modern Linfen, Shanxi). Liu Yin's grandmother Lady Hu and his uncle lost their lives, but Liu Yin fled. However, he was captured by or sold to the Heiniyuju (黑匿郁鞠) tribe as a slave. After Liu Yao defeated the renegade general Chen An in 323, Liu Yin revealed his identity to the chief, who was surprised and respectfully deliver Liu Yin back to Liu Yao. (It is not clear where Heiniyuju was or why Liu Yin waited until Chen's defeat to reveal his identity to the chief; it could have been that Heiniyuju was initially a Chen ally, and while Chen was, prior to his rebellion, nominally a Han-Zhao general, Liu Yin might have been concerned about being detained by Chen as a bargaining chip.) By this time, Liu Yao, who had assumed that Liu Yin was dead, had created his younger son Liu Xi crown prince. He considered replacing Liu Xi with Liu Yin, since Liu Yin was the original heir, and he considered Liu Yin general material. However, after opposition by Liu Yin's uncle Bu Tai (卜泰) and another official Han Guang (韓廣), Liu Yin personally declined to replace Liu Xi, instead stating that he could use his abilities to assist Liu Xi. Liu Yao agreed, and he let Liu Xi remain crown prince, while granting Liu Yin special honors, including requiring Liu Xi to yield to Liu Yin as an older brother in ceremonies, rather than for Liu Yin to yield to Liu Xi as the crown prince. The relationship between the brothers appeared to remain cordial until their deaths. He also posthumously honored Liu Yin's mother, Princess Bu, as Empress Yuandao.
In 325, Liu Yao created Liu Yin the Prince of Nanyang and further bestowed the title of Grand Chanyu, putting Wu Hu tribal forces under his command.
In 327, believing that Han-Zhao had been weakened by its defeat at Later Zhao's hands, Zhang Jun, the head of Former Liang, which had submitted to Han-Zhao's suzerainty in 323, declared himself again a Jin vassal and pillaged Han-Zhao's Qin Province (秦州, modern eastern Gansu). Liu Yin led an army and defeated Former Liang's forces, even crossing the Yellow River, but eventually settling for capturing Former Liang's remaining territory east of the Yellow River.
Around the new year of 329, Liu Yao was captured in battle by Later Zhao forces. Liu Xi became effectively acting emperor, and after consulting with Liu Yin, he decided to withdraw from the capital Chang'an west to Shanggui (上邽, in modern Tianshui, Gansu), the capital of the mountainous Qin Province, considered more easily defensible. However, the withdrawal caused a panic, and all Han-Zhao generals abandoned their positions and fled to Qin Province as well, easily yielding most of remaining Han-Zhao territory to Later Zhao.
In fall 329, Han-Zhao forces, under Liu Yin's command, tried to recapture Chang'an. Initially, he had some successes and recaptured much of the territory lost to Later Zhao. However, as he besieged Chang'an, the Later Zhao general Shi Hu arrived and defeated him. Liu Yin retreated toward Shanggui, and Shi Hu trailed him and defeated him again, capturing Shanggui. He killed Liu Xi, Liu Yin, along with all Han-Zhao princes and high level officials and generals. He forcibly relocated all other officials and the large clans of Qin and Yong (雍州, modern central and northern Shaanxi) Provinces to the Later Zhao capital Xiangguo (襄國, in modern Xintai, Hebei), and massacred, in Luoyang, the members of the Xiongnu nobility. Han-Zhao came to an end.

劉胤是劉曜還是秦王時,元配卜氏所生。劉曜的長子是劉儉。在劉儉九歲、劉胤四歲的時候,皇帝劉聰看到他們,對劉胤印象深刻。他告訴劉曜應該以劉胤作為繼承人。劉曜說自己只是一個藩王,不必要廢長立幼。劉聰說劉曜為國家棟梁,不同于其他藩王,應該選擇聰明的劉胤作為繼承人。最後,劉聰封劉儉為臨海王、劉胤為秦王世子。劉胤長大後,弓馬嫻熟、應急如風。
318年,劉聰的兒子劉粲被靳准所殺,靳准在平陽屠殺劉氏皇族。劉胤的祖母胡氏和伯父都被害了,劉胤卻逃跑了,流落到黑匿鬱鞠的部落成了奴隸。劉曜即位為皇帝。323年,劉曜擊敗了叛將陳安,劉胤把自己的身世告訴了黑匿鬱鞠,他半信半疑的卻恭敬地把劉胤送回劉曜的身邊。這幾年來,劉曜以為劉胤死了,立幼子劉熙為太子。現在劉胤歸來,劉曜想複立他為太子。但在國舅左光祿卜泰、太子太保韓廣的反對下,劉胤自己也謙辭,劉曜收回成命,劉熙還為太子。然而,劉熙和劉胤的親密關係一直保持到他們生命的最後。劉曜追封劉胤的母親卜氏為元悼皇后。325年,劉曜封劉胤為南陽王、大單于,在渭城設單于台,左、右賢王以下,都由匈奴、羯族、鮮卑、氐族和羌族的豪傑之士充任。
327年,前涼國王張駿聽說前趙軍隊被後趙擊敗,于是廢除323年前趙冊封的官爵,恢復晉朝大將軍、涼州牧的名號,派軍攻掠前趙的秦州諸郡。劉胤率軍與前涼交戰得勝,十月,追擊渡過黃河,張駿于是失去黃河以南的地域。
328年末,劉曜在和後趙交戰時被擒,劉熙成為前趙實際上的領導人,但並未登基稱帝。劉胤決定撤出長安西保秦州的首府上邽(今甘肅天水),由于秦州多山容易防守。但撤出長安時引起了驚慌,軍隊慌忙西逃許多領土淪于後趙之手。
329年八月,劉胤率前趙軍試圖收複長安。開始獲得小勝,而圍攻長安時被後趙大將石虎擊敗。劉胤退守上邽,九月,石虎乘勝追擊,攻克了上邽。他殺死了劉熙、劉胤和前趙的王公大臣。把前趙朝廷的文武官員、關東流民、秦州和雍州的大族九千多人遷徙到襄國,又在洛陽坑殺五郡的屠各部人眾五千多。氐王蒲洪、羌族首領姚弋仲都歸降石虎,前趙徹底滅亡。
Text | Count |
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十六國春秋 | 25 |
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