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樞密使[View] [Edit] [History]ctext:85216
Relation | Target | Textual basis |
---|---|---|
type | office | |
name | 樞密使 | |
authority-wikidata | Q11107510 | |
link-wikipedia_zh | 枢密使 | |
link-wikipedia_en | Shumishi |

Originally created in 765 in the Tang Dynasty for eunuchs to coordinate and supervise the emperor's paperwork, this post grew in importance since the 870s as eunuchs dominated the imperial Tang government. After the Tang Dynasty fell in the beginning of the 10th century, shumishi was no longer restricted to eunuchs and indeed was the title of some of highest officeholders in many Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (907–979) states. In the Song Dynasty (960–1279), a shumishi was a military affairs commissioner in charge of the entire national military.

唐代宗永泰年間,置樞密使、以宦官為之,掌接受朝臣以及四方表奏並宣達帝命,參贊軍機;至昭宗時,借朱溫之力,盡誅殺宦官,開始以士人任樞密使。天祐元年(904),朱溫命蔣玄暉擔任樞密使,是為外朝臣僚擔任此職之始。後梁置崇政院,改崇政使,然後以君主左右最親信的大臣擔任此職,「凡承上之旨,宣之宰相而奉行之」。
後唐複改樞密使,位同宰相,專掌軍政。莊宗任用宦官張居翰為樞密使,與郭崇韜對掌機務,又以宦官李紹宏為樞密使。後晉天福四年(939)廢樞密院,而「以印付中書,院事皆委宰相分判」。開運元年(944)「復置樞密院,以桑維翰為中書令兼樞密使,事無大小,悉以委之」。
宋朝,樞密院與中書門下並稱「二府」,樞密使位高權重,雅稱為太尉,與中書門下之同平章事合稱「宰執」;統帥全國軍隊。樞密院長官為樞密使、知樞密院事、同知樞密院事、僉書樞密院事、同僉書樞密院事等。太平興國八年正月,曹彬罷樞密使。次日,王顯受命為樞密副使,六月任樞密使。樞密院長官張遜、柴禹錫、趙鎔等都是太宗早年在藩邸的親從。宋真宗即位後,以曹彬任樞密使,而以向敏中、夏侯嶠副之。
元朝置樞密院,長官稱樞密使,按例太子領樞密使虛銜。樞密副使主持軍務,多用蒙古人,漢人任之極少,僅史天澤、王約等任期較長。
清朝對軍機大臣也往往尊稱為樞密。
Source | Relation | from-date |
---|---|---|
張居翰 | held-office | 923/5/13同光元年四月己巳 |
郭崇韜 | held-office | 923/5/13同光元年四月己巳 |
李紹宏 | held-office | 926/3/18同光四年二月己丑 |
安重誨 | held-office | 926/5/23天成元年四月乙未 |
孔循 | held-office | 926/5/30天成元年四月壬寅 |
馮玉 | held-office | 945/4/14開運二年二月丙申 |
楊邠 | held-office | 947/4/27天福十二年四月己未 |
趙普 | held-office | 962/11/16建隆三年十月辛丑 |
李崇矩 | held-office | 964/2/28乾德二年正月庚寅 |
曹彬 | held-office | 976/3/16開寶九年二月庚戌 |
楚昭輔 | held-office | 976/11/21開寶九年十月庚申 |
石熙載 | held-office | 981/6/19太平興國六年五月辛亥 |
王顯 | held-office | 983/7/27太平興國八年六月己亥 |
曹彬 | held-office | 997/9/11至道三年八月己亥 |
王顯 | held-office | 999/8/22咸平二年七月己丑 |
王繼英 | held-office | 1004/8/25景德元年八月己未 |
陳堯叟 | held-office | 1012/10/11大中祥符五年九月戊子 |
王欽若 | held-office | 1012/10/11大中祥符五年九月戊子 |
趙元儼 | held-office | 1014/4/10大中祥符七年三月甲午 |
寇準 | held-office | 1014/7/20大中祥符七年六月乙亥 |
陳堯叟 | held-office | 1015/5/3大中祥符八年四月壬戌 |
王欽若 | held-office | 1015/5/3大中祥符八年四月壬戌 |
丁謂 | held-office | 1020/1/6天禧三年十二月辛卯 |
曹利用 | held-office | 1020/1/6天禧三年十二月辛卯 |
馮拯 | held-office | 1020/8/8天禧四年七月丙寅 |
錢惟演 | held-office | 1022/8/8乾興元年七月丙子 |
張旻 | held-office | 1026/1/8天聖三年十二月乙丑 |
楊崇勛 | held-office | 1033/1/8明道元年十二月壬寅 |
王曙 | held-office | 1033/11/20明道二年十月戊午 |
王曾 | held-office | 1034/9/28景祐元年八月庚午 |
晏殊 | held-office | 1040/10/24康定元年九月戊辰 |
章得象 | held-office | 1042/8/5慶曆二年七月戊午 |
夏竦 | held-office | 1043/5/2慶曆三年三月戊子 |
杜衍 | held-office | 1043/5/19慶曆三年四月乙巳 |
賈昌朝 | held-office | 1044/10/19慶曆四年九月甲申 |
王貽永 | held-office | 1045/2/18慶曆五年正月丙戌 |
夏竦 | held-office | 1047/4/20慶曆七年三月丁酉 |
宋庠 | held-office | 1048/7/7慶曆八年五月辛酉 |
龐籍 | held-office | 1049/9/1皇祐元年八月壬戌 |
高若訥 | held-office | 1051/11/28皇祐三年十月庚子 |
狄青 | held-office | 1053/5/26皇祐五年五月乙巳 |
王德用 | held-office | 1054/4/15至和元年三月己巳 |
耶律乙辛 | held-office | 1055/9/9 - 1065/2/7清寧 |
韓琦 | held-office | 1056/9/25嘉祐元年八月癸亥 |
田況 | held-office | 1058/6/30嘉祐三年六月丙午 |
曾公亮 | held-office | 1060/12/11嘉祐五年十一月辛丑 |
張昇 | held-office | 1061/10/6嘉祐六年閏八月庚子 |
富弼 | held-office | 1063/6/16嘉祐八年五月戊午 |
文彥博 | held-office | 1065/8/26治平二年七月庚辰 |
呂公弼 | held-office | 1067/11/5治平四年九月辛丑 |
陳升之 | held-office | 1073/1/18熙寧五年十二月壬午 |
吳充 | held-office | 1075/5/4熙寧八年四月戊寅 |
馮京 | held-office | 1080/10/12元豐三年九月丙戌 |
秦檜 | held-office | 1137/2/16紹興七年正月丁亥 |
孟忠厚 | held-office | 1142/9/26紹興十二年九月乙未 |
完顏昂 | held-office | 1153/4/22貞元元年三月丙辰 |
完顏昂 | held-office | 1161/9/21正隆六年九月庚午 |
陳康伯 | held-office | 1163/1/11紹興三十二年十二月丁卯 |
紇石烈志寧 | held-office | 1167/1/19大定六年十二月丙申 |
虞允文 | held-office | 1169/7/20乾道五年六月己酉 |
完顏思敬 | held-office | 1169/11/19大定九年十月辛亥 |
王炎 | held-office | 1171/8/30乾道七年七月庚子 |
王淮 | held-office | 1178/12/28淳熙五年十一月丁丑 |
徒單克寧 | held-office | 1181/9/5大定二十一年七月己亥 |
周必大 | held-office | 1184/7/12淳熙十一年六月庚申 |
王藺 | held-office | 1190/8/5紹熙元年七月乙卯 |
趙汝愚 | held-office | 1194/8/10紹熙五年七月辛巳 |
唐括貢 | held-office | 1195/7/21明昌六年六月丙寅 |
陳自強 | held-office | 1207/2/2開禧三年正月庚辰 |
薛極 | held-office | 1233/11/19紹定六年十月丁亥 |
曾從龍 | held-office | 1235/12/17端平二年十一月乙丑 |
徐鹿卿 | held-office | 1248/7/14淳祐八年六月戊戌 |
賈似道 | held-office | 1258/12/13寶祐六年十一月壬戌 |
Text | Count |
---|---|
臨川集 | 2 |
新唐書 | 18 |
五代會要 | 17 |
南唐書 | 2 |
舊聞証誤 | 10 |
金史 | 79 |
續資治通鑑 | 45 |
全唐文 | 1 |
大越史記全書 | 1 |
宋朝事實 | 17 |
舊唐書 | 14 |
宋太宗實録 | 3 |
宋史紀事本末 | 27 |
四庫全書總目提要 | 9 |
江表志 | 3 |
新五代史 | 111 |
資治通鑑 | 52 |
舊五代史 | 191 |
五代史補 | 4 |
淳熙玉堂雜記 | 3 |
遼史 | 82 |
元史 | 5 |
吳越備史 | 1 |
契丹國志 | 1 |
宋史 | 443 |
西夏書事 | 2 |
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