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枢密使[View] [Edit] [History]ctext:85216
Relation | Target | Textual basis |
---|---|---|
type | office | |
name | 枢密使 | |
authority-wikidata | Q11107510 | |
link-wikipedia_zh | 枢密使 | |
link-wikipedia_en | Shumishi |
Originally created in 765 in the Tang Dynasty for eunuchs to coordinate and supervise the emperor's paperwork, this post grew in importance since the 870s as eunuchs dominated the imperial Tang government. After the Tang Dynasty fell in the beginning of the 10th century, shumishi was no longer restricted to eunuchs and indeed was the title of some of highest officeholders in many Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (907–979) states. In the Song Dynasty (960–1279), a shumishi was a military affairs commissioner in charge of the entire national military.
唐代宗永泰年间,置枢密使、以宦官为之,掌接受朝臣以及四方表奏并宣达帝命,参赞军机;至昭宗时,借朱温之力,尽诛杀宦官,开始以士人任枢密使。天佑元年(904),朱温命蒋玄晖担任枢密使,是为外朝臣僚担任此职之始。后梁置崇政院,改崇政使,然后以君主左右最亲信的大臣担任此职,「凡承上之旨,宣之宰相而奉行之」。
后唐复改枢密使,位同宰相,专掌军政。庄宗任用宦官张居翰为枢密使,与郭崇韬对掌机务,又以宦官李绍宏为枢密使。后晋天福四年(939)废枢密院,而「以印付中书,院事皆委宰相分判」。开运元年(944)「复置枢密院,以桑维翰为中书令兼枢密使,事无大小,悉以委之」。
宋朝,枢密院与中书门下并称「二府」,枢密使位高权重,雅称为太尉,与中书门下之同平章事合称「宰执」;统帅全国军队。枢密院长官为枢密使、知枢密院事、同知枢密院事、佥书枢密院事、同佥书枢密院事等。太平兴国八年正月,曹彬罢枢密使。次日,王显受命为枢密副使,六月任枢密使。枢密院长官张逊、柴禹锡、赵熔等都是太宗早年在藩邸的亲从。宋真宗即位后,以曹彬任枢密使,而以向敏中、夏侯峤副之。
元朝置枢密院,长官称枢密使,按例太子领枢密使虚衔。枢密副使主持军务,多用蒙古人,汉人任之极少,仅史天泽、王约等任期较长。
清朝对军机大臣也往往尊称为枢密。
Source | Relation | from-date |
---|---|---|
张居翰 | held-office | 923/5/13同光元年四月己巳 |
郭崇韬 | held-office | 923/5/13同光元年四月己巳 |
李绍宏 | held-office | 926/3/18同光四年二月己丑 |
安重诲 | held-office | 926/5/23天成元年四月乙未 |
孔循 | held-office | 926/5/30天成元年四月壬寅 |
冯玉 | held-office | 945/4/14开运二年二月丙申 |
杨邠 | held-office | 947/4/27天福十二年四月己未 |
赵普 | held-office | 962/11/16建隆三年十月辛丑 |
李崇矩 | held-office | 964/2/28乾德二年正月庚寅 |
曹彬 | held-office | 976/3/16开宝九年二月庚戌 |
楚昭辅 | held-office | 976/11/21开宝九年十月庚申 |
石熙载 | held-office | 981/6/19太平兴国六年五月辛亥 |
王显 | held-office | 983/7/27太平兴国八年六月己亥 |
曹彬 | held-office | 997/9/11至道三年八月己亥 |
王显 | held-office | 999/8/22咸平二年七月己丑 |
王继英 | held-office | 1004/8/25景德元年八月己未 |
陈尧叟 | held-office | 1012/10/11大中祥符五年九月戊子 |
王钦若 | held-office | 1012/10/11大中祥符五年九月戊子 |
赵元俨 | held-office | 1014/4/10大中祥符七年三月甲午 |
寇准 | held-office | 1014/7/20大中祥符七年六月乙亥 |
陈尧叟 | held-office | 1015/5/3大中祥符八年四月壬戌 |
王钦若 | held-office | 1015/5/3大中祥符八年四月壬戌 |
丁谓 | held-office | 1020/1/6天禧三年十二月辛卯 |
曹利用 | held-office | 1020/1/6天禧三年十二月辛卯 |
冯拯 | held-office | 1020/8/8天禧四年七月丙寅 |
钱惟演 | held-office | 1022/8/8乾兴元年七月丙子 |
张旻 | held-office | 1026/1/8天圣三年十二月乙丑 |
杨崇勋 | held-office | 1033/1/8明道元年十二月壬寅 |
王曙 | held-office | 1033/11/20明道二年十月戊午 |
王曾 | held-office | 1034/9/28景佑元年八月庚午 |
晏殊 | held-office | 1040/10/24康定元年九月戊辰 |
章得象 | held-office | 1042/8/5庆历二年七月戊午 |
夏竦 | held-office | 1043/5/2庆历三年三月戊子 |
杜衍 | held-office | 1043/5/19庆历三年四月乙巳 |
贾昌朝 | held-office | 1044/10/19庆历四年九月甲申 |
王贻永 | held-office | 1045/2/18庆历五年正月丙戌 |
夏竦 | held-office | 1047/4/20庆历七年三月丁酉 |
宋庠 | held-office | 1048/7/7庆历八年五月辛酉 |
庞籍 | held-office | 1049/9/1皇佑元年八月壬戌 |
高若讷 | held-office | 1051/11/28皇佑三年十月庚子 |
狄青 | held-office | 1053/5/26皇佑五年五月乙巳 |
王德用 | held-office | 1054/4/15至和元年三月己巳 |
耶律乙辛 | held-office | 1055/9/9 - 1065/2/7清宁 |
韩琦 | held-office | 1056/9/25嘉佑元年八月癸亥 |
田况 | held-office | 1058/6/30嘉佑三年六月丙午 |
曾公亮 | held-office | 1060/12/11嘉佑五年十一月辛丑 |
张升 | held-office | 1061/10/6嘉佑六年闰八月庚子 |
富弼 | held-office | 1063/6/16嘉佑八年五月戊午 |
文彦博 | held-office | 1065/8/26治平二年七月庚辰 |
吕公弼 | held-office | 1067/11/5治平四年九月辛丑 |
陈升之 | held-office | 1073/1/18熙宁五年十二月壬午 |
吴充 | held-office | 1075/5/4熙宁八年四月戊寅 |
冯京 | held-office | 1080/10/12元丰三年九月丙戌 |
秦桧 | held-office | 1137/2/16绍兴七年正月丁亥 |
孟忠厚 | held-office | 1142/9/26绍兴十二年九月乙未 |
完颜昂 | held-office | 1153/4/22贞元元年三月丙辰 |
完颜昂 | held-office | 1161/9/21正隆六年九月庚午 |
陈康伯 | held-office | 1163/1/11绍兴三十二年十二月丁卯 |
纥石烈志宁 | held-office | 1167/1/19大定六年十二月丙申 |
虞允文 | held-office | 1169/7/20乾道五年六月己酉 |
完颜思敬 | held-office | 1169/11/19大定九年十月辛亥 |
王炎 | held-office | 1171/8/30乾道七年七月庚子 |
王淮 | held-office | 1178/12/28淳熙五年十一月丁丑 |
徒单克宁 | held-office | 1181/9/5大定二十一年七月己亥 |
周必大 | held-office | 1184/7/12淳熙十一年六月庚申 |
王蔺 | held-office | 1190/8/5绍熙元年七月乙卯 |
赵汝愚 | held-office | 1194/8/10绍熙五年七月辛巳 |
唐括贡 | held-office | 1195/7/21明昌六年六月丙寅 |
陈自强 | held-office | 1207/2/2开禧三年正月庚辰 |
薛极 | held-office | 1233/11/19绍定六年十月丁亥 |
曾从龙 | held-office | 1235/12/17端平二年十一月乙丑 |
徐鹿卿 | held-office | 1248/7/14淳佑八年六月戊戌 |
贾似道 | held-office | 1258/12/13宝佑六年十一月壬戌 |
Text | Count |
---|---|
东都事略 | 4 |
临川集 | 2 |
新唐书 | 20 |
五代会要 | 17 |
南唐书 | 2 |
旧闻证误 | 10 |
金史 | 79 |
续资治通鉴 | 98 |
续资治通鉴长编 | 16 |
全唐文 | 1 |
大越史记全书 | 1 |
宋朝事实 | 17 |
旧唐书 | 14 |
宋太宗实録 | 3 |
宋史纪事本末 | 27 |
四库全书总目提要 | 12 |
文献通考 | 16 |
江表志 | 3 |
新五代史 | 114 |
资治通鉴 | 73 |
旧五代史 | 207 |
五代史补 | 4 |
淳熙玉堂杂记 | 3 |
辽史 | 91 |
元史 | 5 |
吴越备史 | 1 |
建炎以来系年要录 | 18 |
契丹国志 | 1 |
宋史 | 447 |
西夏书事 | 2 |
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