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明武宗[View] [Edit] [History]ctext:947007
Relation | Target | Textual basis |
---|---|---|
type | person | |
name | 明武宗 | default |
name | 武宗 | |
died-date | 正德十六年三月丙寅 1521/4/20 | 《明史·本纪第十七 世宗一》:丙寅,武宗崩, |
father | person:明孝宗 | 《明史·本纪第十六 武宗》:武宗承天达道英肃睿哲昭德显功弘文思孝毅皇帝,讳厚照,孝宗长子也。 |
ruled | dynasty:明 | |
from-date 弘治十八年五月壬辰 1505/6/9 | ||
to-date 正德十六年三月丙寅 1521/4/20 | ||
authority-wikidata | Q10007 | |
link-wikipedia_zh | 明武宗 | |
link-wikipedia_en | Zhengde_Emperor |
Born Zhu Houzhao, he was the Hongzhi Emperor's eldest son. Zhu Houzhao took the throne at only 14 with the era name Zhengde meaning "Right virtue" or "Rectification of virtue". He was known for favoring eunuchs such as Liu Jin and became infamous for his childlike behavior. He eventually died at age 29 from an illness he contracted after drunkenly falling off a boat into the Yellow River. He left behind no sons and was succeeded by his first cousin Zhu Houcong.
Read more...: Early years Reign as emperor Relations with Muslims Dark Affliction Contact with Europe Sino-Malay alliance against Portugal Death Legacy Family Ancestry Cultural references
Early years
Zhu Houzhao was made crown prince at a very early age and because his father did not take up any other concubines, Zhu did not have to contend with other princes for the throne. (His younger brother died in infancy.) The prince was thoroughly educated in Confucian literature and he excelled in his studies. Many of the Hongzhi Emperor's ministers expected that Zhu Houzhao would become a benevolent and brilliant emperor like his father.
Reign as emperor
Zhu Houzhao ascended the throne as the Zhengde Emperor and was married to his Empress at the age of 14. Unlike his father, the Zhengde Emperor was not interested in ruling or his Empress and disregarded most state affairs. His actions have been considered reckless, foolish or pointless. There are many instances where he showed a lack of responsibility.
The Zhengde Emperor took up a luxurious and prodigal lifestyle and indulged himself in women. It was said that he liked to frequent brothels and even created palaces called "Bao Fang" (豹房; literally "The Leopards' Chamber") outside the Forbidden City in Beijing initially to house exotic animals such as tigers and leopards for his amusement and then later used to house beautiful women for his personal enjoyment. He also met Wang Mantang, one of his favorite consorts at a Bao Fang. On one occasion he was badly mauled while hunting tigers, and could not appear in court audiences for a month. On another occasion he burned down his palace by storing gunpowder in the courtyards during the lantern festival. His harem was so overfilled that many of its women starved to death due to lack of supplies.
Zhu Houzhao was noted by many sources as fairly efficient administrator, although indulging in an luxurious life style and refusing to attend most meetings, he showed himself to be competent in his decisions and governance. Under his rule, the economy continued to grow, and the people were generally prosperous.
For months at a time he would live outside the Forbidden City or travel around the country with heavy expenditures being paid from the Ming government's coffers. While being urged to return to the palace and attend to governmental matters, the Zhengde Emperor would refuse to receive all his ministers and ignored all their petitions. He also sanctioned the rise of eunuchs around him. One particular Liu Jin, leader of the Eight Tigers, was notorious for taking advantage of the young emperor and squandered immense amount of silver and valuables. The diverted funds were about 36 million pounds of gold and silver. There was even rumor of a plot that Liu Jin had intended to murder the emperor and place his own grandnephew on the throne. Liu Jin's plot was ultimately discovered, and he was executed in 1510. However, the rise of corrupt enunchs continued throughout the Zhengde Emperor's reign. There was also an uprising led by the Prince of Anhua and another uprising led by the Prince of Ning. The Prince of Anhua was the Zhengde Emperor's great-granduncle, while the Prince of Ning was his granduncle.
In time, the Zhengde Emperor became notorious for his childish behaviour as well as abusing his power as emperor. For instance, he set up a staged commercial district inside his palace and ordered all his ministers, eunuchs, soldiers and servants of the palace to dress up and act as merchants or street vendors while he walked through the scene pretending to be a commoner. Any unwilling participants, especially the ministers (who viewed it as degrading and an insult), would be punished or removed from their post.
Then in 1517, the Zhengde Emperor gave himself an alter ego named Zhu Shou (朱寿) so he could relinquish his imperial duties and send himself off on an expedition to the north to repel raiding expeditions several tens of thousands strong led by Dayan Khan. He met the enemy outside the city of Yingzhou and defeated them in a major battle by surrounding them. For a long period of time after this battle, the Mongols did not launch a raiding expedition into Ming territory. Then again in 1519, the Zhengde Emperor led another expedition to Jiangxi province to the south to quell the Prince of Ning rebellion by a powerful prince known as Zhu Chenhao who had bribed many people in the emperor's cabinet. He arrived only to discover that the revolt had already been put down by Wang Yangming, a local administrative officer. Frustrated at not being able to lead his troops to victory, the Zhengde Emperor's advisor suggested they release the prince in order to capture him again. In January 1521, the Zhengde Emperor had the rebel Prince of Ning executed in Tongzhou, an event that was recorded even by the Portuguese embassy to China.
Relations with Muslims
The Zhengde Emperor was fascinated by foreigners and invited many Muslims to serve as advisors, eunuchs, and envoys at his court. Works of art such as porcelain from his court contained Islamic inscriptions in Arabic or Persian.
An edict against slaughtering pigs led to speculation that the Zhengde emperor adopted Islam due to his use of Muslim eunuchs who commissioned the production of porcelain with Persian and Arabic inscriptions in white and blue. It is unknown who really was behind the anti-pig slaughter edict.
The Zhengde Emperor preferred foreign Muslim women, having many relationships with them.
According to Bret Hinsch in the book Passions of the cut sleeve: the male homosexual tradition in China, the Zhengde Emperor had an alleged homosexual relationship with a Muslim leader from Hami, named Sayyid Husain, who served as the overseer in Hami during the Ming-Turpan border wars, although no evidence supporting this claim exists in Chinese sources.
Dark Affliction
Prior to the death of the Zhengde Emperor in early 1521, rumours about a mysterious group of creatures collectively called Dark Afflictions (黑眚 Hēi Shěng) circulated the capital. Their attacks caused much unrest, because they randomly attacked people at night, causing wounds with their claws. The Minister for War asked the emperor to write an imperial edict proclaiming local security troops would arrest all those who frightened other people. The threat brought a sudden end to the spread of the stories.
Contact with Europe
The first direct European contacts with China occurred during the reign of the Zhengde Emperor. In several initial missions commissioned by Afonso de Albuquerque of Portuguese Malacca, the Portuguese explorers Jorge Álvares and Rafael Perestrello landed in southern China and traded with the Chinese merchants of Tuen Mun and Guangzhou. In 1513 their king, Manuel I of Portugal sent Fernão Pires de Andrade and Tomé Pires to formally open relations between the main court at Beijing and Lisbon, capital of Portugal. Although the Zhengde Emperor gave the Portuguese ambassador his blessing while touring Nanjing in May 1520, he died soon after and the Portuguese (who were rumored to be troublemakers in Canton and apparently even cannibalized kidnapped Chinese children), were ejected by Chinese authorities under the new Grand Secretary Yang Tinghe. Although illegal trade continued thereafter, official relations between the Portuguese and the Ming court would not improve until the 1540s, culminating in the Ming court's consent in 1557 to Portugal establishing Macau as their trading base in China.
Sino-Malay alliance against Portugal
The Malay Malacca Sultanate was a tributary state and ally to Ming China. When Portugal conquered Malacca in 1511 and committed atrocities against the Malay Sultanate, the Chinese responded with violent force against Portugal.
The Ming government imprisoned and executed multiple Portuguese envoys after torturing them in Guangzhou. The Malaccans had informed the Chinese of the Portuguese seizure of Malacca, to which the Chinese responded with hostility toward the Portuguese. The Malaccans told the Chinese of the deception the Portuguese used, disguising plans for conquering territory as mere trading activities, and told of all the atrocities committed by the Portuguese.
Due to the Malaccan Sultan lodging a complaint against the Portuguese invasion to the Zhengde Emperor, the Portuguese were greeted with hostility from the Chinese when they arrived in China. The Malaccan Sultan, based in Bintan after fleeing Malacca, sent a message to the Chinese, which combined with Portuguese banditry and violent activity in China, led the Chinese authorities to execute 23 Portuguese and torture the rest of them in jails. After the Portuguese set up posts for trading in China and committed piratical activities and raids in China, the Chinese responded with the complete extermination of the Portuguese in Ningbo and Quanzhou Pires, a Portuguese trade envoy, was among those who died in the Chinese dungeons.
The Chinese defeated a Portuguese fleet in 1521 at the Battle of Tunmen , killing and capturing so many Portuguese that the Portuguese had to abandon their junks and retreat with only three ships, only escaping back to Malacca because a wind scattered the Chinese ships as the Chinese launched a final attack.
The Chinese effectively held the Portuguese ambassador hostage, using them as a bargaining chip in demanding that the Portuguese restore the deposed Malaccan Sultan (King) to his throne.
The Chinese proceeded to execute several Portuguese by beating and strangling them, and torturing the rest. The other Portuguese prisoners were put into iron chains and kept in prison. The Chinese confiscated all of the Portuguese property and goods in the Pires embassy's possession.
In 1522 Martim Afonso de Merlo Coutinho was appointed commander of another Portuguese fleet sent to establish diplomatic relations. The Chinese defeated the Portuguese ships led by Coutinho at the Battle of Shancaowan. A large number of Portuguese were captured and ships destroyed during the battle. The Portuguese were forced to retreat to Malacca.
The Chinese forced Pires to write letters for them, demanding that the Portuguese restore the deposed Malaccan Sultan back to his throne. The Malay ambassador to China was to deliver the letter.
The Chinese sent a message to the deposed Sultan of Malacca concerning the fate of the Portuguese ambassador, which the Chinese held prisoner. When they received his reply, the Chinese officials then proceeded to execute the Portuguese ambassador, slicing their bodies into multiple pieces. Their genitalia were inserted into the oral cavity. The Portuguese were executed in public in multiple areas in Guangzhou, deliberately by the Chinese in order to show that the Portuguese were insignificant in the eyes of the Chinese. When more Portuguese ships landed and were seized by the Chinese, the Chinese then executed them as well, cutting off the genitalia and beheading the bodies and forcing their fellow Portuguese to wear the body parts, while the Chinese celebrated with music. The genitalia and heads were displayed strung up for display in public, after which they were discarded.
Death
Kangling, The tomb of The Zhengde Emperor —— early January 2020
The Zhengde Emperor died in 1521 at the age of 31. It was said that he was drunk while boating on a lake one day in the fall of 1520. He fell off his boat and almost drowned. He died after contracting illnesses from the Grand Canal waters. Since none of his several children had survived childhood, he was succeeded by his cousin Zhu Houcong, who became known as the Jiajing Emperor. His tomb is located at Kangling of the Ming tombs.
Legacy
By the accounts of some historians, although bred to be a successful ruler, the Zhengde Emperor thoroughly neglected his duties, beginning a dangerous trend that would plague future Ming emperors. The abandonment of official duties to pursue personal gratification would slowly lead to the rise of powerful eunuchs that would dominate and eventually ruin the Ming dynasty.
The Ming scholar Tan Qian argued that: "The Emperor was smart and playful... He also did not harm officials who argued against him. enjoyed the support of the minister and the efficient works of the clerks. worked until midnight to issue edicts that punished criminals like Liu Jin and Qian Ning (Zhengde's own adoptive son)."
Some modern historians have come to view his reign in a new light and debate that his actions along with that of his successors such as the Wanli Emperor were a direct reaction to the bureaucratic gridlock that affected the Ming dynasty in its later half. The emperors were very limited in their policy decision and could not really implement any sort of lasting effective reforms despite the obvious need, while they were faced with constant pressure and were expected to be responsible for all the troubles the dynasty faced. As a result, the ministers became increasingly frustrated and disillusioned about their posts, and protested in different forms of what was essentially an imperial strike. Thus emperors such as the Zhengde Emperor sneaked out of the palace while emperors such as the Jiajing and Wanli emperors simply did not show up in the imperial court. Other authors state that Zhengde was a ruler with a strong will, who dealt decisively with Liu Jin, Prince Ning, Prince Anhua and the Mongol threat, acted competently in crises caused by natural disasters and plagues and collected taxes in a benevolent manner. Although his reign's achievements were in large parts the contributions of his very talented officials, they also reflected on the capability of the ruler.
Family
Consorts:
• Empress Xiaojingyi, of the Xia clan (孝静毅皇后 夏氏; 1492–1535)
• Consort Shuhuide, of the Wu clan (淑惠德妃 吴氏; d. 1539)
• Consort Rongshuxian, of the Shen clan (荣淑贤妃 沈氏; 1492–1542)
• Wang Mantang (王满堂); 1471 – 1541)
Ancestry
Cultural references
• In the 1959 film Kingdom and the Beauty (江山美人), the Zhengde Emperor disguises himself as a regular commoner among the people.
• Facets of Love, also known as Northern Ladies of China (北地胭脂), a 1973 film directed by Li Han-hsiang, tells three brothel-themed stories set in different time periods, one of them about Emperor Zhengde.
• The Hong Kong film Chinese Odyssey 2002 (天下无双) is loosely based on a story of one of the Zhengde Emperor's tours in Zhejiang province.
• In the 2005 television show Zhengde Commentary (正德演义), the Zhengde Emperor was portrayed by television variety show host He Jiong.
武宗是明朝极具争议性的统治者。他任情恣性,为人嬉乐胡闹,行为怪异,又荒淫无度。宠信宦官、建立豹房,强徵处女、娈童入宫,有时也抢夺有夫之妇,逸游无度。施政荒诞不经,朝廷乱象四起。给自己化名为朱寿,自封为「镇国公、总督军务威武大将军、总兵官」。又信仰密宗、伊斯兰教等,自称忽必烈(蒙古名,元世祖之名)、沙吉熬烂(波斯语,伊斯兰教苏菲派的苏菲师)、苏莱曼沙阿(波斯语)、大宝法王(藏密名,白教首领)。
另一方面,他为人刚毅果断,任内诛灭刘瑾,平定安化王、宁王之乱,在应州之役中击败达延汗,令鞑靼多年不敢深入,并积极学习他国文化,促进中外交流,体现出有为之君的素质,是一位功过参半的皇帝。
Read more...: 人物生平 即位之初 宦官与豹房 应州之役 平宁王乱及驾幸南京 赋税改革 市舶司改革 驾崩 诏书 罪己诏 遗诏 轶闻 历史评价 任用官员 宰辅 宠臣 太监 家庭成员 母亲 兄弟姊妹 妻妾 艺术形象 电影和电视剧 戏曲 歌仔戏 文学作品
人物生平
即位之初
明武宗朱厚照为明孝宗嫡长子,生于1491年10月26日(弘治四年九月二十四日申时)。两岁被立为皇太子。唯一的弟弟朱厚炜又早夭,是孝宗唯一长大成人的儿子。弘治十一年春,皇太子出阁读书。他天性聪颖,讲筵时极为认真,面对讲师则恭敬对待。几个月后,便已知晓翰林院与左春坊所有讲师的姓名,以致有讲师缺席便会问询左右「某先生今日安在邪?」这让孝宗极为喜爱,出游必带上皇太子。同时孝宗听闻皇太子闲暇时喜好兵戎事,认为他安不忘危,所以也不予以干涉。
弘治十八年五月初八日,孝宗皇帝驾崩。在完成文武百官军民耆老劝进的固定程序后,五月十八日,皇太子朱厚照即位,是为明武宗。
明正德九年正月,后来反叛的宁王朱宸濠献新样元宵四时花灯数百,穷极奇巧,内附火药,明武宗命献者入悬。时值冬季,宫中按例在檐下设有毡幕御寒。以致火星触及氊幕,引发大火,自二鼓时分一直烧至天明。火势最大时,武宗正在前往豹房的途中,望见乾清宫的火灾,武宗向左右开玩笑称这是「好一棚大烟火也」,两天后壬午日,武宗以乾清宫灾御奉天门视朝,撤宝座不设,遂下诏罪己,并谕文武百官,同加修省。后又常常离开帝都燕京四处巡游。
宦官与豹房
住在京师期间,又不愿住在紫禁城,在宫外建了一座「豹房」居住,豹房所养,仅有花豹一只、土豹三只;主要是甄选大量美女于中,供其淫乐。
正德帝男宠也不计其数,取名曰「老儿当」,「老儿」是黑话,指少年。「当」为「党」。「老儿当」即「少年党」。但也有学者称,因为正德帝喜欢各地宗教,这些「老儿当」主要是通晓汉文、蒙文、藏文或波斯文的年轻人,作为宗教人士的翻译官。
正德帝不喜上朝,起初宠信刘瑾、张永、丘聚、谷大用等号称「八虎」的宦官,1510年平定安化王之乱朱置鐇后,下令将刘瑾凌迟处死,后又宠信武士江彬等人。
正德帝喜好宗教灵异、怪力乱神,终日与来自西域、回回、蒙古、乌斯藏(西藏)、朝鲜半岛的异域法师、番僧相伴。正德帝曾学习蒙古语,自称忽必烈,也学藏传佛教,自称大宝法王。正德帝还曾亲自接见第一位来华的葡萄牙使者皮莱资。正德帝并因为自己生肖属猪,曾一度敕令全国禁食猪肉,但他自己仍食用猪肉「内批仍用豕」;旋即在大学士杨廷和的反对下,降敕废除。
应州之役
正德帝「奋然欲以武功自雄」。正德十二年(1517年)10月,在江彬的怂恿下,自封为「镇国公总督军务威武大将军总兵官朱寿」,到边地宣府(今张家口宣化区)亲征,击溃蒙古鞑靼小王子(即达延汗巴图蒙克),回去后又给自己加封太师。史称「应州大捷」。
平宁王乱及驾幸南京
正德十四年(1519年)六月十四日,宁王朱宸濠在封藩江西南昌叛乱,是为宁王之乱,不过四十三天,就被赣南巡抚王阳明及吉安知府伍文定募集散兵游勇平定,斩杀三万馀人,朱宸濠被擒。八月二十二日,武宗离开北京亲征。二十六日,武宗抵达涿州,此时王阳明平定叛乱的奏报送达,但武宗仍决定继续南幸。十二月十一日,武宗传谕内阁,以正德十五年(1520年)元旦于南京朝贺、祭祀天地。十二月二十六日,武宗御驾抵应天府。次日,祭祀南京太庙,武宗成为自永乐以后重新驾临南京的皇帝。正德十五年闰八月初八日,武宗于南京受宁王降。八月十二日,武宗离京返回北京。
赋税改革
正德八年(1513年)起在江南全面推行的赋税改革,既减轻了江南当地百姓的负担,更使从弘治晚期开始,江南地区拖欠中央累积十年之久的赋税,仅经两年时间就全部还清。
市舶司改革
增加外贸收入,扩大了朝廷税源。
驾崩
武宗御驾南征返回北京途中,于淮安清江浦上学渔夫撒网,作为游戏,却失足落入水中,并因此患病「燥热难退」。正德十五年十二月初十,大驾回到北京,文武百官出至正阳桥外迎接。十三日,皇帝于南郊祭祀天地,祭拜过程中突然呕血,随即送入斋宫休养。次日,返回大内,仅在奉天殿举行庆成礼。此后,立春日的朝贺一同免去。正德十六年(1521年)正月初九日,监察御史郑本公鉴于武宗身体状况不乐观,上奏武宗,望能于宗室间过继一人主掌东宫,但后来武宗身体略有好转。三月十三日晚间,武宗突然向身边的太监陈敬和苏进表示自己可能无法痊愈,让其召司礼监并禀告皇太后,由太后与内阁议处天下事,并表示自己耽误子嗣。十四日,武宗于豹房驾崩,得年31岁(周岁29岁)。
由于武宗无子嗣,因此遵照《皇明祖训》,由武宗堂弟、孝宗弟兴献王朱佑杬之子兴王朱厚熜入嗣大统。正德十六年五月,朱厚熜抵达京师,上谥号为承天达道英肃睿哲昭德显功弘文思孝毅皇帝,上庙号为武宗。九月,武宗入葬天寿山陵区的康陵。
诏书
罪己诏
(原诏文中其有缺损处,以「□」代借)
遗诏
轶闻
明武宗的生辰为弘治四年九月二十四日,八字为辛亥年,戊戌月,丁酉日,戊申时出生。其中,八字地支分别为申酉戌亥,这种排列方法被称为连如贯珠。在此以前仅太祖朱元璋的八字与此类似。
赐自己的替僧为汉地噶玛巴,正德五年封大庆法王,铸大庆法王西天觉道圆明自在大定慧佛金印,兼给诰命,藏名为「领占班丹」,并曾邀请藏地八代噶玛巴至北京(七代噶玛巴曾说:「将现身两位噶玛巴」);蒙古名为忽必烈;波斯名为沙吉熬烂,即苏菲师(Shaykh,回教苏菲派长者、教长),并拥有一群伊斯兰火者,称为老儿当,同时内府多制作有《古兰经》经文瓷器,其中故宫博物院所藏一枚正德白釉矾红彩阿拉伯文波斯文盘,其款识为波斯文「大明国可汗即苏莱曼沙阿御制」。对道教亦多有了解,可能曾号锦堂老人。
正德十五年(1520年)闰八月,武宗御驾自南京返回时,途径镇江,适逢退休居家的原内阁大臣靳贵病逝,于是亲临靳贵家中吊唁。但是随行大臣代皇帝撰写的祭文皆不能称意,明武宗遂亲自写道:「朕居东宫,先生为傅。朕登大宝,先生为辅。朕今南游,先生已矣。呜呼哀哉!」左右的侍从文学之臣看后都敛手称服。
山西应县木塔顶层有一方明武宗皇帝御匾「天下奇观」。
2004年,在美国德州一位华侨手中发现由明朝正德皇帝亲笔所书的圣旨,内容叙述做人应如何有进取心以及如何为忠君之臣与正人君子。此文物的发现造成了史学家对历史记载正德皇帝人格的争议。
历史评价
史学界对正德帝的评价不一,
有人认为正德帝虽荒淫无行,行径胡闹,不理国政,造成叛变日起,且自身壮年即因为逸乐而死;但是亦有人认为他颇能容忍大臣,不罪劝谏之人。君臣之间,相安无事,知错能改,诛灭奸佞。
• 张廷玉等《明史》赞曰:「明自正统以来,国势浸弱。毅皇手除逆瑾,躬御边寇,奋然欲以武功自雄。然耽乐嬉游,昵近群小,至自署官号,冠履之分荡然矣。犹幸用人之柄躬自操持,而秉钧诸臣补苴匡救,是以朝纲紊乱,而不底于危亡。假使承孝宗之遗泽,制节谨度,有中主之操,则国泰而名完,岂至重后人之訾议哉!」
• 谈迁《国榷》论曰:「武宗少即警敏,好佚乐。……而武宗又不罪一谏臣,元相呵护,群吏奉法。……夜半出片纸缚(刘)瑾,……钱宁俛首受罪。」
• 吴炽昌《续客窗闲话》论曰:「……游戏中确有主裁,但好行小慧,为儒尚且不可,况九五之尊耶?今之读史者直以帝比之桀纣,无乃过甚。当初諡曰武宗毅皇帝,毅者果决之谓,可见遇事实能决断,非尽阿谀可知矣。」
任用官员
宰辅
• 刘健
• 谢迁
• 李东阳
• 焦芳
• 王鏊
• 杨廷和
• 刘宇
• 曹元
• 梁储
• 刘忠
• 费宏
• 杨一清
• 靳贵
• 蒋冕
• 毛纪
宠臣
• 钱宁
• 江彬
太监
• 刘瑾:八虎之首,掌司礼监秉笔太监。
• 张永:八虎之一,总神机营,与刘瑾为党。后与刘瑾不合。并且为后来倒刘瑾的重要人物。且与王守仁交善。
• 谷大用:八虎之一,提督西厂。
• 马永成:八虎之一,提督东厂。
• 丘聚:八虎之一,提督东厂。
• 罗祥:八虎之一。
• 魏彬:八虎之一,总三千营。刘瑾诛后,代掌司礼监。
• 高凤:八虎之一。司礼监太监,掌管机密。
• 张忠:御马太监,与司礼张雄、东厂张锐并侍豹房用事,时号三张。性皆凶悖。并与大盗张茂财,结为兄弟。并且后与宁王朱宸濠勾结,收受贿络,协助其叛变;而后还遮藏王守仁之捷,骗出武宗亲自出征。
• 吴经:太监,随武宗南征,就先到扬州,强夺寡妇、处女,要求拿金钱来换取。
家庭成员
母亲
• 孝成敬皇后张氏
兄弟姊妹
• 蔚悼王朱厚炜
• 太康公主朱秀荣
妻妾
• 后妃
• 孝静毅皇后夏氏
• 淑惠德妃吴氏
• 荣淑贤妃沈氏
• 王妃
• 刘美人,又称刘夫人,太原民刘良之女
• 无妃嫔位号者
• 王满堂,女官,职位浣衣
• 马氏,马昂之妹
• 位号不详
• 戴氏,总兵官戴钦女
• 杜氏,马昂妾
艺术形象
• 民间有关于武宗微服出巡与民间女子相爱的故事,即游龙戏凤。
电影和电视剧
• 1959年香港邵氏兄弟电影公司出品电影《江山美人》,赵雷饰演明武宗。
• 1961年香港立达影业公司《刁蛮女侠》。
• 1976年香港电视剧《民间传奇之江山美人》,郑少秋饰演明武宗。
• 1979年香港邵氏兄弟电影公司出品电影《北地胭脂》,岳华饰演明武宗。
• 1979年香港丽的电视武侠剧《天龙诀》,万梓良饰演明武宗。
• 1993年香港亚洲电视古装武侠剧《天蚕变之再与天比高》,宗扬饰演明武宗。
• 1994年香港古装爱情剧《侠女游龙》,罗嘉良饰演明武宗。
• 1994年香港古装剧《天师钟馗之江山美人》,陈泰鸣饰演明武宗。
• 1998年台湾古装剧《江山美人》,崔浩然饰演明武宗。
• 1998年中国大陆电视剧《保镖之天之娇女》,王卫国饰演明武宗。
• 2000年中国大陆电视剧《机灵小不懂》,聂远饰演明武宗。
• 2000年中国大陆、台湾合拍半喜剧电视剧《绝色双娇》,焦恩俊饰演明武宗。
• 2000年香港无线电视翡翠台古装电视剧《金装四大才子》,蔡子健饰演明武宗。
• 2002年香港电影《天下无双》,张震饰演明武宗。
• 2004年中国大陆电视剧《皇后进宫》,吴大维饰演明武宗。
• 2004年中国大陆电视剧《无忧公主》,冯绍峰饰演明武宗。
• 2004年中国大陆电视剧《凤临阁》,贾一平饰演明武宗。
• 2004年中国大陆电视剧《长剑相思》,高梓淇饰演明武宗。
• 2005年中国大陆古装历史颠覆剧《正德演义》,何炅饰演明武宗。
• 2005年中国大陆电视剧《天下第一》,邓超饰演明武宗。
• 2005年中国大陆电视剧《天下第一媒》,李楠饰演明武宗。
• 2005年中国大陆电视剧《剑出江南》,剑出江南饰演明武宗。
• 2007年中国大陆电视剧《夜来风雨》,任东霖饰演明武宗。
• 2009年香港古装武打电视剧《王老虎抢亲》,罗贯峰饰演明武宗。
• 2010年香港古装电视剧《秋香怒点唐伯虎》,黎诺懿饰演明武宗。
• 2010年香港电影《龙凤店》,任贤齐饰演明武宗。
• 2010年中国大陆电视剧《苏三传奇》,李彦明饰演明武宗。
• 2011年中国大陆电视剧《王阳明 (电视剧)》,朱一龙饰演明武宗。
• 2018年中国大陆古装剧《回到明朝当王爷之杨凌传》,刘芮麟饰演明武宗。
戏曲
• 京剧《游龙戏凤》、《梅龙镇》
歌仔戏
• 电视歌仔戏:《正德皇帝游江南》(黄香莲主演)
• 电视歌仔戏:《青山绿水行》(杨丽花主演)
• 电视歌仔戏:《花月正春风》(杨丽花主演)
• 电视歌仔戏:《巡按与大盗》(洪秀玉主演)
• 电视歌仔戏:《三戏正德皇帝》(陈小咪主演)
文学作品
• 小说:乔靖夫《武道狂之诗》天行者出版
• 小说:月关《回到明朝当王爷》高宝国际出版
Source | Relation | from-date | to-date |
---|---|---|---|
弘治 | ruler | 1505/6/9弘治十八年五月壬辰 | 1506/1/23弘治十八年十二月庚辰 |
正德 | ruler | 1506/1/24正德元年正月辛巳 | 1521/4/20正德十六年三月丙寅 |
Text | Count |
---|---|
明史 | 52 |
大越史记全书 | 2 |
保德州志 | 1 |
四库全书总目提要 | 1 |
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