History

The General was appointed for the expedition against the Mongol Dzungar people, and the first officer to bear this title was Prince of the Khalkha Mongols, who commanded the four divisions of the Khalkha tribe. During the reign of Qianlong, the Qing army won the Dzungar–Qing Wars. The Deputy General became the stationed minister in charge of the affairs of the four divisions of Khalkha, Kobdo, and Tannu Uriankhai. Due to its long presence in the city of Uliastai, it also became known as Uliastai General.

After the Wuchang Uprising in 1911, the Bogd Khanate of Mongolia declared its independence and sent troops to attack Uliastai. The last general, Kui Fang, was forced to resign and was evacuated from Uliastai in December 1911.

In 1912, the government of the Republic of China once intended to send troops to recover Outer Mongolia.

Jurisdiction

The military areas under the jurisdiction of the Uliastai General include Tüsheet Khan and 3 more divisions of the Khalkha tribe in Outer Mongolia, as well as Tannu Uriankhai and Kobdo. Its land is roughly equivalent to most of today's Mongolia (except Dariganga Mongols and other places); the Republic of Tuva in Russia, the entire territory of the Altai Republic, the southeastern part of the Altai Krai, the southern part of the Khakassia Republic and Kemerovo; the north of the Altay Prefecture in Xinjiang, China; and the eastern corner of East Kazakhstan Region, Kazakhstan.

See Also

• Amban

沿革

雍正十一年，为征伐蒙古准噶尔部置定边左副将军，由蒙古喀尔喀超勇亲王策棱充任，统领喀尔喀四部兵丁。乾隆年间，清军平定准噶尔，又平阿睦尔撒纳之乱，定边左副将军演变为管辖喀尔喀四部、科布多和唐努乌梁海事务的驻扎大臣。因其长驻乌里雅苏台，又称为乌里雅苏台将军。乾隆二十六年（1761年）置库伦办事大臣，土谢图汗部与车臣汗部民政事务改由库伦办事大臣管理；同年，置科布多参赞大臣管理科布多地方。此后乌里雅苏台将军仍监管赛音诺颜部、札萨克图汗部二部民事与唐努乌梁海事务，并统辖喀尔喀四部、唐努乌梁海与科布多各路蒙古兵。

宣统三年（1911年）武昌起义后，库伦的哲布尊丹巴政权宣布独立，派兵攻打乌里雅苏台。末任将军奎芳被迫去职，于1911年12月撤离乌里雅苏台。1912年，民国政府以那彦图署理乌里雅苏台将军，一度打算出兵收复外蒙古。

辖区

乌里雅苏台将军统辖的军事区域包括外蒙古土谢图汗部、车臣汗部、赛音诺颜部、札萨克图汗部，以及唐努乌梁海、科布多。其地大致相当于今蒙古国大部（除苏赫巴托尔省等地）；俄罗斯境内的图瓦共和国、阿尔泰共和国全境，阿尔泰边疆区东南部，哈卡斯共和国西部和克麦罗沃州南部；中国新疆阿勒泰地区北部；以及哈萨克斯坦东哈萨克斯坦州东部一隅。嘉庆重修《大清一统志》以乌里雅苏台将军统辖之地为乌里雅苏台统部。

属员

• 乌里雅苏台参赞大臣二员，满人、蒙古人各一员。

• 章京四员，掌管四部衙门，见办事衙门。

• 绿营换防守备一员，千总一员，把总三员，外委一员。

• 唐努乌梁海总管五员（每旗一员），佐领、骁骑校各二十五员（每旗五员）。

办事衙门

• 内阁衙门：掌戳记侍读（内阁侍读）一员、笔帖式二员、候缺笔帖式一员、委署笔帖式（无定额）。

• 户部衙门：掌戳记司官（章京）一员、笔帖式一员、候缺笔帖式一员、委署笔帖式（无定额）。

• 兵部衙门：属员同户部衙门。

• 理藩院衙门：掌戳记司官（章京）一员、笔帖式一员、候缺笔帖式一员、委署笔帖式（无定额）、将军衙门巡捕骁骑校三员、委署骁骑校（无定额）、佐领一员、骁骑校一员。

历任定边左副将军

雍正、乾隆朝

嘉庆朝

道光朝

咸丰朝

同治朝

光绪、宣统朝

徵引文献

参考书目

• 嘉庆重修《大清一统志》

• 《乌里雅苏台志略》，《中国方志丛书》塞北地方第三十九号，成文出版社1968年影印抄本

• 《清史稿》，中华书局点校本

• 谭其骧等，1974，《中国历史地图集》，北京：中国地图出版社