During Wu

It is not known when Chen Jue was born, but it is known that he was from Hailing (海陵, in modern Taizhou, Jiangsu). His family background was not stated in traditional historical sources. The first reference to him was in 932, when then-Wu regent Xu Zhigao established a Lixian Hall (禮賢院, "hall where one respects the virtuous") at his headquarters in Jinling, and it was said that he often spoke on the events of the times with both Chen and Sun Sheng.

In 934, Xu Zhigao recalled his oldest son Xu JIngtong, who had been serving as the junior regent, in control of the Wu imperial government at the Wu capital Jiangdu, from Jiangdu, to serve as his own deputy. He sent his second son, Xu Jingqian, to Jiangdu to replace Xu Jingtong in overseeing the Wu government. Shortly after, in 935, Xu Zhigao instructed Chen Jue, who was then serving as a supervisory official at the executive bureau of government (尚書省, Shangshu Sheng), to assist Xu Jingqian, relaying to Chen the stories of his friendship with the chief strategist Song Qiqiu, stemming from their youth, that allowed their relationship to thrive despite their frequent disagreements. He wanted Chen to become that kind of a friend with Xu Jingqian. However, Xu Jingqian fell ill in 936, and was replaced by his brother Xu Jingsui. Apparently, after that, Chen returned to Xu Zhigao's staff. (Xu Jingqian would die from his illness in 937.)

During Southern Tang

During Li Bians reign

In 937, Xu Zhigao had the Wu emperor Yang Pu yield the throne to him, ending Wu and starting Southern Tang as its emperor. According to the Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms, Chen Jue then served as the deputy director of palace affairs (宣徽副使, Xuanhui Fushi), although according to the Zizhi Tongjian, he was just the deputy director of one palace hall, Guangzheng Hall (光政殿). (According to the Zizhi Tongjian, it was not until 941 that he was made the deputy director of palace affairs, along with Chang Mengxi (常夢錫).) In 940, when Xu Zhigao — who had changed his name to Li Bian by that point — was persuaded by the sorcerer Sun Zhiyong to visit Jiangdu, Chen accompanied him. It was said that previously, Chen carried a grudge against Chu Rengui (禇仁規) the prefect of Tai Prefecture (泰州, in modern Taizhou), which Hailing belonged to, because he had once whipped Chen's older brother, who continued to live in Hailing, for a crime. Chen used this occasion to accuse Chu of being corrupt and cruel. Li Bian, believing him, removed Chu from his post and gave him a mere officer position. This was described as the start of Chen's abuse of power. (The Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms further stated that when Chu submitted a petition to defend himself, Li Bian sent Chen to adjudicate the matter, causing Chu to become so fearful that he confessed to crimes, and was subsequently ordered to commit suicide.)

By 943, it was said that Chen was in alliance with Song Qiqiu and Feng Yanji, exerting influence over Li Bian's oldest son and presumed heir Li Jing the Prince of Qi and finding ways to expel people who were not cooperating with them. Both Chang and Xiao Yan (蕭儼) submitted petitions to Li Bian accusing Chen of abuse of power, and it was said that while Li Bian understood some of the accusations to be true, he did not get a chance to act on them, before he fell deathly ill from poisoning due to pills given him by alchemists. (It was said that because of these pills, his temperament had grown violent the few months before his death, such that even close associates were being punished. Chen, seeing this, claimed to be ill himself and was not in Li Bian's presence during that period.) Li Bian designated Li Jing as his heir, and then died. Li Jing succeeded him as emperor. (Upon Li Bian's death, Chen immediately "recovered" and returned to duty, causing Xiao to submit a petition to Li Jing calling for his punishment. Li Jing declined.)

During Li Jings reign

After Li Jing took the throne, it was said that because both Song Qiqiu and Li Jing himself considered Chen Jue talented, he was given much responsibilities. He formed a faction at the Southern Tang court, in alliance with Feng Yanji, Feng Yanji's brother Feng Yanlu, Wei Cen (魏岑), and Cha Wenhui (查文徽), such that their detractors referred to them as the "Five Ghosts." However, after a short time, Wei and Cha were promoted to be Li Jing's deputy chiefs of staff (樞密副使, Shumi Fushi), and Chen's mother happened to die around that time, forcing him to leave the imperial government to observe a period of mourning. Wei, believing his power was secure, began to publicize Chen's faults, trying to prevent Chen from returning to power. With Chen out of power, Song also lost power in a struggle against fellow senior chancellor Zhou Zong, and went into retirement.

The Fu Prefecture campaign

However, by 946 — although timing was not completely clear — Chen not only had returned to the Southern Tang government, but was serving as chief of staff (Shumishi). That year, Southern Tang was facing the aftermaths of what to do with the remnants of the territory of its southeastern neighbor Min, whose last emperor Wang Yanzheng had surrendered to Southern Tang in 945 after the Southern Tang army commanded by Cha had captured Min's then-capital Jian Prefecture (建州, in modern Nanping, Fujian). However, the larger city of Fu Prefecture (福州, in modern Fuzhou, Fujian), was in the hands of Li Hongyi, who was a nominal Southern Tang vassal but was ruling the region in de facto independence. The generals under Cha had advocated attacking Fu, but Li Jing initially was hesitant. Chen volunteered to head to Fu himself, with Song (who had also returned to the Southern Tang imperial government) supporting him and promising that he would be able to persuade Li Hongyi into surrendering his territory and report to Jinling. Li Jing thus, after issuing edicts creating Li Hongyi's mother and wife honored lady titles and giving his four younger brothers higher positions, sent Chen to Fu to try to persuade Li Hongyi to surrender his territory. Li Hongyi, however, realized what Chen was up to, and therefore, when Chen arrived, dealt with him arrogantly. Chen did not dare to even bring up the topic of having him report to Jinling, before departing Fu.

Embarrassed by his failure, Chen, on the way back to Jinling, changed his mind when he reached Jian Prefecture (劍州, note different location than the former Min capital, but also in modern Nanping), claiming that he had been authorized by Li Jing, issued orders mobilizing forces from Jian (former Min capital), Ting (汀州, in modern Longyan, Fujian, Fu (撫州, note different location than Li Hongyi's seat of power, in modern Fuzhou, Jiangxi), and Xin (信州, in modern Shangrao, Jiangxi), putting them under the command of Feng Yanlu, who was then serving as the monitor of the Yong'an Circuit (永安, headquartered at the former Min capital Jian Prefecture) army, and ordering Feng to attack. Feng's attack was initially successful, but when he was sieging Fu, Li Hongyi repelled him. Li Jing was outraged by Chen's falsification of imperial orders, but the other officials largely believed that the only action now was to support Chen's campaign. Li Jing thus put Yong'an's military governor (Jiedushi) Wang Chongwen (王崇文) in command of a larger army, with Wei and Feng serving as his deputies, in attacking Fu.

The Southern Tang army under Wang put Fu under siege, and it was said that the situation inside the city was desperate, even with an army from Wuyue aiding Li Hongyi (who had changed his name by that point to Li Da to observe naming taboo for Wuyue's king Qian Hongzuo). However, it was said that the siege itself bogged down because Wei, Feng, and Chen were all trying to demonstrate their own abilities, and Wang Jianfeng (王建封) the prefect of Xin and Liu Congxiao the prefect of Quan Prefecture (泉州, in modern Quanzhou, Fujian), were not following Wang Chongwen's orders. In 947, another Wuyue fleet arrived, commanded by the Wuyue general Yu An (余安), but the Wuyue soldiers were unable to land to aid Fu because of arrows fired from Southern Tang archers from land. Feng, however, believing that he could crush the Wuyue army once it landed, decided to halt the archers. Once the Wuyue soldiers landed, they fought with high intensity, that Feng was forced to flee. Once he did, the Southern Tang army sieging Fu from the south panicked and collapsed. Wang Chongwen was forced to personally protect the rear guard to allow most of them to escape. Wang Jianfeng, stationed to Fu's southeast, decided to withdraw as well, as did the Southern Tang army to the north. Feng tried to commit suicide with his sword, but was saved by his subordinates. The end result were 20,000 Southern Tang deaths and the draining the imperial treasury.

Li Jing blamed the defeat on Chen and Feng Yanlu for their acting without imperial authorization, and pardoned all of the other generals, but considered executing them. However, the official Jiang Wenwei (江文蔚), who hated Chen's party, then submitted a harshly worded petition calling for punishment to be rendered against Feng Yanji and Wei as well. Jiang's wording was so bitter that it offended Li Jing, who exiled him. After Chen and Feng Yanlu were delivered to Jinling, Song submitted a petition blaming himself for recommending Chen, but implicitly taking on responsibility instead of them. Chen and Feng Yanlu ended up only being exiled, with Chen being exiled to Qi Prefecture (蘄州, in modern Huanggang, Hubei), despite calls from Xu Xuan (徐鉉) and Han Xizai for their deaths as well.

War with Later Zhou

However, after a year, Chen Jue was recalled to the imperial government, and apparently resumed his role as chief of staff. He became closely allied with Li Zhenggu (李徵古), who would be his deputy chief of staff.

As of 956, Southern Tang was deeply engaged in a war, defending itself against a major Later Zhou invasion. With Later Zhou forces inflicting great losses on the Southern Tang forces, Li Jing successively sent two peace delegations, the first one headed by Zhong Mo (鍾謨) and Li Deming (李德明), and one headed by Sun Sheng and Wang Chongzhi (王崇直), to the camp of the Later Zhou emperor Guo Rong, making the offer that 1) he would discontinuing claiming himself to be an emperor and 2) Southern Tang would cede six prefectures (Shou (壽州, in modern Lu'an, Anhui), Hao (濠州, in modern Chuzhou, Anhui), Si (泗州, in modern Huai'an, Jiangsu), Chu (楚州, in modern Huai'an), Guang (光州, in modern Xinyang, Henan), and Hai (海州, in modern Lianyungang, Jiangsu). However, Guo was not satisfied with this offer, and wanted all of the land north of the Yangtze River. Li Deming, worried about the continued Later Zhou gains, requested to return to the Southern Tang court to try to persuade Li Jing to cede all of the land north of the Yangtze, and Guo agreed, sending him and Wang back to the Southern Tang court to do so. However, upon Li Deming's return to the Southern Tang court, his report about the Later Zhou military strength displeased Li Jing. Song Qiqiu also argued that ceding land was useless. Chen and Li Zhenggu had long disliked Li Deming and Sun, and therefore induced Wang into making a report contradicting Li Deming; Chen and Li Zhenggu then accused Li Deming of selling the state out. Li Jing, believing them, executed Li Deming.

With the peace process dying, for the time, with Li Deming's execution, Li Jing launched a major counterattack, nominally commanded by his brother Li Jingda the Prince of Qi, but with Chen as the army monitor and in actual control of the decisions — such that historical accounts stated that all Li Jingda ended up doing was signing documents. With the general Zhu Yuan (朱元) successful in recapturing some cities that Later Zhou had previously captured, in fall 956, Li Jingda's army advanced to Hao, not far from Shou, which had been under Later Zhou siege ever since the war started in 955. However, it was said that even though there were 50,000 soldiers under Li Jingda and Chen, Chen made no attempt to try to lift the siege on Shou. The generals and officers under him were said to be so fearful of him that they did not dare to speak up.

By spring 957, Chen and Zhu had been in frequent conflicts, as Zhu, arrogant because of his victories over Later Zhou forces, was resisting orders issued by Li Jingda (most likely actually issued by Chen). Chen thus submitted a petition to Li Jing, arguing that Zhu was untrustworthy and should not be allowed to continue to command an army. Li Jing sent the general Yang Shouzhong to replace Zhu, and Chen summoned Zhu to his then-headquarters at Hao, planning to relieve him of his command there. Zhu, instead, defected to Later Zhou with his army. Guo Rong himself subsequently defeated and captured Southern Tang generals Yang, Xu Wenzhen (許文稹), and Bian Hao. Li Jingda's army collapsed, and he and Chen fled back to Jinling. With Shou's defender, Liu Renshan the military governor of Qinghuai Circuit (清淮, headquartered at Shou) deathly ill, Shou's garrison surrendered, effectively ending Southern Tang resistance along the Huai River.

As of spring 958, Later Zhou forces were heading for the Yangtze, with Guo himself advancing to Yingluan (迎鑾, in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu), and Li Jing feared that they would advance further south. He thus sent Chen to head a peace delegation to Guo, offering to submit as a vassal. When Chen himself witnessed the strength of the Later Zhou emperor's army, he requested that he be allowed to send a deputy back to Jinling to persuade Li Jing to cede the four remaining prefectures north of the Yangtze still held by Southern Tang — Lu (廬州, in modern Hefei, Anhui), Shu (舒州, in modern Anqing, Anhui), Qin, and Huang (黃州, in modern Huanggang). Guo agreed, and Chen sent the officer Liu Chengyu to Jinling to do so. Li Jing subsequently sent Liu back to Guo's camp, agreeing to do so. Guo then allowed Chen to return to Southern Tang, and had him express to Li Jing that he needed not (as he also offered) pass his throne to his son, Li Hongji the Crown Prince.

Fall and death

Upon the peace settlement, Li Jing reduced his own use of imperial trappings, including referring to himself as Guozhu (國主, "lord of the state") instead of emperor, and ending the use of his own era name, in favor of Later Zhou's. He also reduced the ranks of the titles of his officials. As part of this process, Chen Jue was stripped of his chief of staff title, and only thereafter carried his lesser title of deputy minister of defense (兵部侍郎, Bingbu Shilang).

Meanwhile, in light of the defeat, Li Jing was in a depressed state. The group of officials in Song Qiqiu's party began advocating that he take a leave from being emperor, and let Song serve as regent — a proposal that Li Jing was displeased about, but outwardly expressed no disapproval. Meanwhile, after Zhong Mo also returned from the Later Zhou court, he, who had a deep friendship with Li Deming, hated Song's party for their role in Li Deming's death. He secretly accused Song of planning to usurp the throne, and Chen and Li Zhenggu of being in league with Song. Chen, who was also inimical with the chancellor Yan Xu, also exacerbated the situation by falsely informing Li Jing that Guo Rong, believing that Yan was the advocate for resisting Later Zhou, wanted Yan executed. Li Jing, knowing of the enmity between Chen and Yan, decided to send Zhong back to the Later Zhou court to verify with Guo. When Zhong returned, verifying that Guo made no such request, Li Jing sent Zhong to Guo again, to request permission to execute Song and his party. Guo declined a response, believing that it was Southern Tang's internal affair.

Around the new year 959, Li Jing acted. He issued an edict declaring the crimes of Song's party. The edict ordered Song into retirement, demoted Chen to the post of professor at the imperial university (國子博士, Guozhi Boshi) but exiling him to Xuan Prefecture (宣州, in modern Xuancheng, Anhui), and ordered Li Zhenggu to commit suicide. On Chen's way to Xuan, Li Jing sent a messenger to have him executed.

Notes and references

• Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms, vol. 26.

• Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 277, 279, 282, 283, 285, 286, 293, 294.

吳期間

陳覺來自海陵。932年，吳攝政徐知誥在金陵建立禮賢院，並經常在此與陳和孫晟談論時事。

934年，徐知誥把在吳都江都的大兒子徐景通召回到自己身邊，並派二兒子徐景遷到江都代替徐景通監督吳國國政。935年，徐知誥讓尚書郎陳覺前去輔佐徐景遷。然而，徐景遷于936年病倒，由其弟弟徐景遂代替。此後，陳又回到了徐知誥那裡。

南唐時期

李昪時期

937年，徐知誥讓吳皇帝楊溥禪位給自己，終結吳統治，並自稱唐朝宗室，更名李昪，國號亦更名為唐（南唐）。當時陳覺為光政副使、太僕少卿。940年，陳覺陪同李昪（徐知誥）訪問江都。由於泰州刺史禇仁規曾鞭打過陳覺哥哥，陳覺對其懷恨在心。陳覺藉此訪問江都機會指責禇仁規為政貪腐和殘暴。李昪相信陳的指控，將禇貶職。後來禇為自己辯護，李昪派陳覺裁定此事，禇開始擔心會被逼承認罪行，最終禇被勒令自殺。941年陳覺轉任宣徽副使。

943年，陳與宋齊丘和馮延巳勾結，由於他們認定李昪長子李璟未來即位可能性很高，開始對李璟施加影響，並設法排擠不與他們合作的人。對此常夢錫和蕭儼都向李昪上書，指控陳覺濫用職權。雖然李昪相信一些指控是真實的，但他沒有對陳覺等人採取行動。後來李昪吃了鍊金術士的藥而中毒身亡。李昪在去世前一段時間開始脾氣古怪，經常懲罰身邊人，陳覺見狀便稱病在家。李璟繼位為皇帝後，陳立即恢復上朝，蕭儼不爽，向李璟上書，要求其處罰陳覺。李璟拒絕。

李璟時期

李璟繼位後，複用宋齊丘為宰相。宋齊丘提拔陳覺、魏岑。由于宋齊丘和李璟都認為陳覺很有才華，因此陳覺權力不斷增加。陳覺與馮延巳、馮延魯、魏岑和查文徽相互勾結，批評者將他們稱為「五鬼」。常夢錫屢次稱五人不可用，李璟不納。十二月，李璟下令中外政務委託弟弟齊王李景遂參決，只有陳覺、查文徽能奏事，群臣非召見不得入。蕭儼上疏切諫，李璟不回複。侍衛軍都虞候賈崇當面哭著勸諫，李璟才收回成命。然而不久之後，魏和查就升為樞密副使，而陳的母親恰巧在那段時間去世，迫使他回家守孝。魏與陳覺有隙，趁機宣揚陳的過失，試圖阻止陳重新回朝執政，陳覺被貶為少府監。在陳失去權力之後，宋齊丘與周宗的鬥爭中失去了權力並退休。

福州之戰

閩的最後一位皇帝王延政于945年向南唐投降，查文徽率領的南唐軍也攻占了閩的都城建州。但前閩領土福州並未歸服。946年，當時鎮守福州的李仁達表面臣服南唐實際上卻是獨立狀態。查文徽、陳覺主張進攻福州，但李璟卻猶豫不決。那一年陳覺又復出出任樞密使。陳表示願意前往福州說服李仁達入朝，復出的宋齊丘也支持陳這一舉動。李璟下令賞賜李仁達的母親和妻子國夫人頭銜，並給李的四個弟弟更高的職位，然後派遣陳為宣諭使前往福州試圖說服李仁達交出領土。但是李仁達意識到了陳覺來福州的目的，陳覺在福州時被李仁達非常傲慢地對待。陳在離開福州之前都不敢提起讓李仁達入朝的事情。

由于失敗而感到尷尬，在返回金陵的途中，陳在到達劍州時改變了主意，聲稱被李璟授權，讓汀州、撫州、信州的軍隊聽命於建州監軍使馮延魯指揮，並讓馮延魯進攻福州，安撫漳、泉的魏岑聞訊也擅自發兵與陳覺會合，但被李仁達擊退。李璟對陳偽造命令感到憤怒，但其他官員卻支持陳這一行為。李璟於是以永安節度使王崇文為東南面都招討使，信州刺史王建封為副使，以漳泉安撫使、諫議大夫魏岑為東面監軍使，馮延魯為南面監軍使，陳覺亦為監軍使，進攻福州。

南唐軍隊包圍福州，此時吳越出兵協助李仁達。然而進攻陷入了停頓，因為魏、馮和陳都互相不服氣，而王建封和泉州刺史留從效也不聽從王崇文指揮。947年，在吳越將軍余安的指揮下，又一支吳越船隊抵達支援李仁達，但由于陸上南唐弓箭手的防守，吳越士兵無法登陸。馮認為，即使吳越軍隊登陸，他也能擊潰吳越軍隊，因此決定停止弓箭手還擊。吳越士兵登陸後，與南唐軍隊進行激烈戰鬥，馮被迫逃跑。駐扎在福州南面的南唐軍隊開始驚慌失措並且潰不成軍。吳越兵乘勝追擊，王崇文被迫親自斷後，吳越才停止追擊。駐紮在福州的東南部的王建封也決定撤軍，駐扎福州北面的南唐軍也撤軍。而先前逃跑的馮試圖用劍自殺，但被他的下屬阻止。此次福州包圍戰最終的結果是20,000名南唐軍人死亡，並消耗國家大量資金。

李璟將失敗歸咎于陳和馮延魯的未經授權擅自行動，遣使者將他們鎖至金陵，並考慮處決陳和馮，同時饒恕了其他將領。韓熙載、徐鉉上疏請求法辦二人，反陳官員江文蔚也在此時上書，要求對馮延巳和魏岑也要進行懲罰。陳和馮延魯回到金陵後，宋齊丘上書，對自己推薦陳感到自責，宰相馮延巳也為二人開解。最終陳和馮延魯遭到流放，陳被流放到蘄州。

與後周的戰爭

然而一年後，陳覺被召回朝，恢復了其樞密使職務。其副手李徵古也與其勾結。

956年，南唐一直深陷與後周戰爭之中。由于後周軍重創南唐軍，李璟先後派出了兩個代表團，第一個代表團由鐘謨和李德明率領，另一個代表團由孫晟和王崇質率領。他們到後周皇帝郭榮的營地，提出以下條件：1）李璟將不再聲稱自己是皇帝，2）南唐將割讓六個州：壽州,、濠州、泗州、楚州、光州和海州。但是，郭榮對這個條件不滿意，他想要南唐長江以北的所有土地。李德明要求返回南唐，試圖說服李璟割讓長江以北的所有土地，郭同意，將他和王崇質送回南唐。然而，在李德明返回南唐後，他關于後周軍事實力的匯報使李璟不悅。宋齊丘也認為，割讓土地無濟於事。陳和李徵古早就不喜歡李德明和孫晟，便藉機讓王崇質作出與李德明矛盾的匯報。陳和李徵古之後指責李德明出賣國家。李璟則相信陳覺等人，最終處決了李德明。

隨著李德明被處決，李璟發起了一次重大反攻，這次反攻名義上由他的兄弟李景達指揮，但實際則由陳覺指揮。南唐將領朱元成功奪回後周占領的一些南唐故土。956年秋天，李景達的軍隊來到濠州。但是在李景達和陳覺有五萬士兵的前提下，陳覺卻沒有試圖解除後周對壽州的包圍。由於陳覺下屬非常害怕他，以至于他們都不敢提出意見。

957年春季，陳和朱元之間又發生了頻繁的衝突，因為對後周作戰的勝利而自大的朱抗拒了李景達（陳覺）發出的命令。陳因此向李璟上書稱朱元是原後漢叛將河中節度使李守貞的門客，反覆難信，不應允許朱元繼續指揮軍隊。李璟派楊守忠接替朱元，陳將朱召集到濠州，試圖解除朱元指揮權。但是朱與他的軍隊卻憤然叛逃到了後周。郭榮隨後擊敗並俘虜了楊守忠、許文稹和邊鎬。李景達的軍隊也土崩瓦解，他和陳逃回金陵。在清淮軍節度使劉仁贍身患重病之後，壽州的駐軍最終向後周投降。

958年春季，後周軍開始向長江推進，郭榮進軍到迎鑾（今江蘇揚州 ），李璟擔心他們會繼續向南推進。因此，他派陳覺率代表團前往後周，上貢羅縠紬絹三千匹、乳茶三千斤及香藥犀象等，並提出願意作為後周附庸國及退位給太子李弘冀。當陳本人到後周行在目睹後周的樓船戰棹已停泊于江岸時，他以為這些是從天而降的，愕然大駭。見駕後，他要求允許他派一名副手回金陵，以說服李璟割讓仍由南唐統治的長江以北四個剩餘的州：廬州、舒州、蘄州、黃州。郭榮表示同意，而陳則派官員劉承遇回到金陵。李璟隨後又將劉派回到郭榮的營地，同意陳覺提出的要求。郭榮隨後允許陳回到南唐，並讓他向李璟表達李璟不需要退位。

失勢與死亡

此後，李璟自貶為國主，天子儀制皆降損，不再保留皇帝頭銜，並停止使用自己的年號，並為了避諱後周先帝改名李景。他還降低了南唐官員的官階。在此過程中，陳覺由樞密使被貶為兵部侍郎。

此時的李景處于沮喪狀態。宋齊丘的黨羽們開始主張他退位，讓宋攝政。李景對此表示不滿，但對外沒有公開反對。同時，鍾謨從後周返回，與李德明有著深厚友誼的他痛恨宋黨在李德明的死中所起的作用。他指責宋計劃篡位，陳和李徵古也是宋的黨羽。陳覺返回南唐後，由於一向與嚴續不友好，陳詐稱郭榮曾表示因為聽說南唐抵抗後周是嚴續的主意，要求李景處死嚴續。知道陳與嚴之間有敵意的李景並不完全相信陳的話，並決定派鍾謨前往後周向郭榮求証。鐘返回後，說郭榮沒有提出過這樣的要求，李景再次派鐘前往後周，要求獲得授權處死宋及其黨羽。郭榮認為這是南唐的內部事務，拒絕回應。

959年左右，李景開始行動清除宋齊丘黨羽。 他發布了一項命令，宣布宋黨的罪行，並下令宋退休，貶陳為國子博士，但流放宣州，並責令李徵古自殺。在陳去宣州的途中，李景派了一個使者在饒州將他處決，並殺宋齊丘，並派鐘謨奏明後周。

作品

• 《顯密圓通成佛心要集序》

注釋和參考

• 《十國春秋》第一卷。 26

• 《資治通鑑》卷277、279、282、283、285、286、293、294。