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前田利家[View] [Edit] [History]ctext:927945
Relation | Target | Textual basis |
---|---|---|
type | person | |
name | 前田利家 | |
born | 1538 | |
died | 1599 | |
authority-viaf | 54987314 | |
authority-wikidata | Q1196817 | |
link-wikipedia_zh | 前田利家 | |
link-wikipedia_en | Maeda_Toshiie |
Read more...: Early life Military life Death Family Ōdenta sword In popular culture Honours
Early life
His father was Maeda Toshimasa and his wife was Maeda Matsu. His childhood name was "Inuchiyo" (犬千代).
Toshiie was born in the village of Arako (present-day Nakagawa-ku, Nagoya), He was the fourth of seven brothers, of Maeda Toshimasa, who held Arako Castle. Toshiie served Oda Nobunaga from childhood (first as a page) and his loyalty was rewarded by being allowed to be the head of the Maeda clan, very unusual for a fourth son with no apparent failures among his elder brothers. Just like Nobunaga, Toshiie was also a delinquent, usually dressed in the outlandish style of a kabukimono. It is believed he also became a friend to Kinoshita Tokichiro (later Toyotomi Hideyoshi) in their youth. Just as Hideyoshi was known as Saru, 猴 or "monkey," it is believed that Toshiie was called Inu, 犬 or "dog" by Nobunaga. Due to a long-standing belief that dogs and monkeys are never friendly to each other, Toshiie is often depicted as reserved and stern, in contrast to Hideyoshi's talkative and easy-going nature.
Military life
Toshiie began his career as a member of the akahoro-shū (赤母衣衆), the unit under Oda Nobunaga's personal command. He later became an infantry captain (ashigaru taishō 足軽大将) in the Oda army. During his military career, Toshiie made the acquaintance of many important figures, such as Hashiba Hideyoshi, Sassa Narimasa, Niwa Nagahide, Ikeda Tsuneoki, and others. Toshiie also was a lifelong rival of Tokugawa Ieyasu. After defeating the Asakura clan, Maeda fought under Shibata Katsuie in the Hokuriku area.
He participated in the 1560 Battle of Okehazama, the 1567 Siege of Inabayama, the 1570 Battle of Anegawa, the 1575 Battle of Nagashino, the 1577 Battle of Tedorigawa. He was eventually granted the fief of Fuchu, and a han (Kaga Domain) spanning Noto and Kaga Provinces. Despite its small size, Kaga was a highly productive province which would eventually develop into the wealthiest han in Edo period Japan, with a net worth of 1 million koku (百万石); thus, it was nicknamed Kaga Hyaku-man-goku (加賀百万石).
Toshiie benefited from a core group of very capable senior vassals. Some, like Murai Nagayori and Okumura Nagatomi, were retainers of long standing with the Maeda.
After Nobunaga's assassination at Honnō-ji (本能寺) by Akechi Mitsuhide and Mitsuhide's subsequent defeat by Hideyoshi, he battled Hideyoshi under Shibata's command in the Battle of Shizugatake 1583. After Shibata's defeat, Toshiie worked for Hideyoshi and became one of his leading generals. Somewhere during this time he was forced to fight another of his friends, Sassa Narimasa. Narimasa was greatly outnumbered and felled by Toshiie, following the major Maeda victory at the Battle of Suemori Castle 1584. Later, he fought in the Odawara Campaign 1590.
Death
Before dying, in 1598 Hideyoshi named Toshiie to the council of Five Elders to support Toyotomi Hideyori until he was old enough to take control on his own. However, Toshiie himself was ailing, and could manage to support Hideyori for only a year before he died as well in 1599.
Toshiie was succeeded by his son Toshinaga.
Family
• Father: Maeda Toshimasa
• Mother: Nagayowai-in (d.1573)
• Siblings:
• Maeda Toshihisa (d. 1583)
• Maeda Yasukatsu (d. 1594)
• Maeda Toshifusa
• Sawaki Yoshiyuki (d. 1572)
• Maeda Hidetsugu (d. 1585)
• Maeda Masa (given in marriage to Takabatake Sadayoshi)
Toshiie's wife, Maeda Matsu, was famous in her own right. Strong-willed from childhood, she was well-versed in the martial arts and was instrumental in Toshiie's rise to success. After her husband died, Matsu, then known by her Buddhist nun name of Hoshun-in, assured the safety of the Maeda clan after the year 1600 by voluntarily going as a hostage to Edo, capital of the new shōgun, Tokugawa Ieyasu, whom she loathed throughout her life as she watched him, her husband, and Hideyoshi compete for power.
• Wives, concubines, children:
• Wife: Maeda Matsu
• First Son: Maeda Toshinaga
• First Daughter: Kō (1559–1616) married Maeda Nagatane
• Second daughter: Sho married Nakagawa Mitsushige
• Third daughter: Maa (1572–1605) become Toyotomi Hideyoshi』s concubine later married Madenokoji Atsufusa
• Fourth daughter: Gō (1574–1634) married Ukita Hideie
• Fifth Daughter: Yome, Asano Yoshinaga's fiancée
• Second Son: Maeda Toshimasa (1578-1638)
• Seventh Daughter: Chise (1562–1614) married Hosokawa Tadataka later married Murai Nagatsugu
• Concubine: Chiyobo (1570-1631) later Kinsein
• Maeda Toshitsune
• Concubine: Ryujoin
• Kikuhime (1578–1584)
• Yoshi married Shinohara Sadahide
• Concubine: Kinsein
• Fuku married Tyou Yoshitsura later married Nakagawa Mitsutada
• Maeda Tomoyoshi (1591-1628)
• Concubine: Jufuku-in
• Maeda Toshitaka (1594–1637)
• Concubine: Kaishoin
• Maeda Toshisada (1598-1620)
• Nephew: Maeda Toshimasu (1543-1612)
Their sons all became daimyōs in their own right. Their daughters married into prestigious families; the eldest, Kō, married Maeda Nagatane, a distant relative of Toshiie who became a senior Kaga retainer; Ma'a, was a concubine of Toyotomi Hideyoshi later Married Marikouji Mitsurubo, Gō was adopted by Hideyoshi and became the wife of Ukita Hideie, and Chise, who was first wedded to Hosokawa Tadaoki's son Tadataka, later married Murai Nagayori's son Nagatsugu. Sho married Nakagawa Mitsushige. Toshi married Shinohara Sadahide. Fuku married Nakagawa Mitsutada.
Ōdenta sword
"Ōdenta" or "Great Denta" or "The Best among Swords Forged by Denta". Along with "Onimaru" and "Futatsu-mei", the sword was considered to be one of the three regalia swords of the shoguns of the Ashikaga clan. Later passed down to Maeda Toshiie. A legend says the sword healed a daughter of Toshiie and another legend says birds never try to approach to a warehouse where this sword is stored.
In popular culture
He is a playable character in video game Sengoku Basara 2 (PS2) and an unplayable character in video game Sengoku Basara 4 (PS3). He wields a large Nodachi and fire-based attacks. In anime, they were initially servants of Oda Nobunaga, later turned to Toyotomi Hideyoshi.
He is a playable character in the video game "Samurai warriors 2 Extreme legends" (PS2) and appears in every major samurai warriors title following his first appearance . He wields a single sword and twin spears.
Honours
• Junior First Rank (24 March 1599; posthumously)
Read more...: 生平 幼年 平步青雲 秀吉死後 與慶次的關係 系譜 家臣 登場作品 資料來源
生平
幼年
出生於尾張國海東郡荒子村(今愛知縣名古屋市中川區),幼名犬千代,荒子城主前田利昌的第四子,母親是長齡院。
利家原本為織田家首席家老林秀貞的與力,1551年時開始在織田信長麾下擔任小姓,翌年的萱津之戰為其初陣,元服後改名為前田又左衞門利家,因善使長槍而有「槍之又左」的外號。弘治2年(1556年),在信長與織田信勝爭奪織田家家督的稻生之戰中殺死信勝小姓頭宮井勘兵衛而建立功績。永祿元年(1558年)與上尾張守護代主織田信安之子織田信賢爭戰建立軍功,因而擔任信長赤母衣眾隊長,1558年時與表妹阿松結婚。
年輕的利家脾氣不好常惹事生非,被外界認為是傾奇者,曾與信長異母弟十阿彌發生口角而將其斬殺,差點因此被信長處死。後來戴罪立功才得到赦免,隨著年齡增長利家收起以往的衝動暴躁,變得穩重可靠。
利家是極少數早期就與木下藤吉郎(日後的豐臣秀吉)有深交的的人,當時兩人地位都不高,但已是非常好的朋友,兩人的妻子阿松與寧寧也是感情很好的姊妹淘。
平步青雲
利昌過世後,由利家的長兄前田利久繼承前田家。但9年後信長罷黜利久,改命利家擔任前田家家督,理由是利久體弱多病且不會打仗,利久被迫讓位後離開織田家,許多支持利久的前田家臣也因此負氣離開前田家,但利家因有信長支持故未因此元氣大傷。
元龜元年(1570年)4月,織田信長與淺井氏、朝倉氏作戰(金崎之戰)敗北撤退時擔當信長的護衛,6月姉川之戰殺死淺井助七郎立功。
天正2年(1574年)擔任柴田勝家之與力,負責鎮壓越前一向一揆,翌年9月平定越前一向一揆後,前田利家與佐佐成政、不破光治一起獲封府中10萬石,有「府中三人衆」之稱。越前平定後協助柴田勝家經略北陸與上杉家對戰,因功受封越前今立、南條兩郡,後來更趁上杉謙信病死之際攻占不少上衫家在北陸的領地。
天正10年(1582年)爆發本能寺之變,後來在清須會議後仍然劃分為勝家與力。秀吉與勝家決裂開戰後,於天正11年(1583年)率兵參加賤岳之戰,但是戰意消極、不斷迴避與羽柴方交戰且故意不支援苦戰的友軍導致柴田方潰敗,後來在堀秀政的勸說下歸順秀吉,擔任進攻北之庄城的先鋒,勝家兵敗與阿市一起自殺。戰後領加賀、能登兩國,把根據地從小丸山城移往加賀的尾山城(金澤城)並迎回哥哥利久。
天正12年(1584年)秀吉與德川家康爆發小牧長久手之戰,利家於末森城擊敗支持德川方的舊同僚佐佐成政,之後聯繫上杉景勝共同夾擊越中。同年8月由利家擔任先鋒、秀吉親率大軍進攻越中降伏佐佐成政(富山之役),戰後利家嫡子前田利長獲封越中國3郡共32萬石,並在征討北條家的小田原征伐擔任北國勢的總指揮。
文祿元年(1592年)在豐臣秀吉出兵朝鮮期間,利家率兵留守肥前名護屋,與德川家康共理政務,文祿2年(1593年)1月,原本打算渡海進攻朝鮮,但後來與明朝講和後取消渡海,8月之後因秀賴誕生,隨同秀吉返回大阪城,11月返回金澤。
文祿3年(1594年)1月5日,利家、上杉景勝及毛利輝元同日敘任從三位官居,後來4月7日利家先敘任從二位權大納言。
慶長3年(1598年)4月20日將家督讓給嫡長子利長後宣布隱居並前往草津進行溫泉治療,隱居俸祿為1萬5千石。自草津返回後把心力放在大阪,用心經營前田家在豐臣政權下的政治地位,利家與秀吉共同規劃五大老、五奉行制度,利家本人位居五大老之次。
秀吉死後
慶長3年(1598年)8月豐臣秀吉去世,利家隨其子豐臣秀賴進入大阪城。利家成為秀賴的傅役,秀賴正式成為大阪城主,繼承豐臣家。
自此德川家康勢力抬頭,首先破壞秀吉的法度,分別與伊達政宗、蜂須賀家政及福島正則聯婚,利家反對並集結上杉景勝、毛利輝元、宇喜多秀家等三大老、五奉行的石田三成,以及細川忠興、淺野幸長、加藤清正及加藤嘉明等武將,雙方互不相讓。後來於2月2日,由利家代表四大老與五奉行,與德川家康協調並交換誓紙和解,雙方矛盾暫時壓下;但此事後利家病情惡化,在閏3月3日於大阪城病逝,法號「高德院傳桃雲淨見居士」,葬於野田山前田家墓地。利家是當時唯一有能力制約家康的重量級人物,他的去世讓德川家康再無忌憚,直接導致豐臣家滅亡。
利家病時,家康曾往探病。利家死後,家康藉口當初去給利家探病時,懷疑利家與利長合謀暗殺自己而準備征討加賀,前田家收到風聲後,利家的夫人阿松當機立斷,自願前往江戶城當政治人質,家康也因前田家俯首稱臣而心滿意足取消攻打加賀,還把孫女子子姬嫁給前田利家之子前田利光。
與慶次的關係
利家與前田慶次的關係相當糟糕,慶次認為養父前田利久的前田家繼承權被利家所奪,因此懷恨在心,利久也因此舉家離開織田家旅居京都十餘年(慶次也在京都生活期間學習風雅技能),雖然後來利久被利家請回加賀照料,但是慶次還是打從心裏不喜歡這位沒有血緣關係年紀又比自己小的叔父,兩人不論在行事風格或理念上都相去甚遠,時常發生摩擦。利久病死後,本來就討厭利家的慶次再無理由待在前田家而出奔,而利家也為此大怒揚言要殺了慶次。
慶次離開前田家時隻身一人,家中妻小都沒帶上,所以慶次長子前田正虎繼承祖父利久的封地,並一路侍奉利家到利常成為加賀藩的開藩藩士。
系譜
• 正室:阿松
• 側室
• 壽福院
• 隆興院
• 金晴院
• 明運院
• 逞正院
• 子
• 前田利長
• 前田利政
• 前田知好
• 前田利常
• 前田利孝
• 前田利貞
• 女
• 幸姬(前田長種正室)
• 蕭姬 (中川光重正室)
• 摩阿姬(豐臣秀吉側室)
• 豪姬(秀吉養女、宇喜多秀家正室)
• 與免
• 千世(細川忠隆正室)
• 菊(秀吉養女)
• 保智
• 福
• 他
家臣
• 譜代
• 奧村永福
• 篠原一孝
• 木村三蔵
• 荒子眾
• 村井長賴
• 高畠定吉
• 與力眾
• 岡島一吉
• 長連龍
• 富田重政
登場作品
;小說
• 前田利家(、著)
• 前田利家與天下人(講談社、山岡莊八著)
• 前田利家(講談社、著)
• 前田利家(小學館、著)
• 前田利家(幻冬舍、著)
• 戰國二人三腳-阿松與又左及孩子(、著)
• 前田利家(學研、著)
• 前田利家:秀吉最倚賴的男人(PHP研究所、著)
• 前田利家與妻阿松:築起「加賀百萬石」的二人三腳 (PHP研究所、著)
• 百萬石異聞:前田利家與松 (、野村昭子著)
• 前田利家物語:加賀百萬石之祖(北國出版社、北村魚泡洞著)
• 命懸一線:加賀百萬石之礎(講談社、砂原浩太朗著)
;影視劇
• 出世太閤記(1938年、日活、演:尾上菊太郎)
• (1940年、日活、演:)
• (1953年、大映、演:)
• (1955年、東映、演:)
• 太閤記(1958年、松竹、演:)
• (1959年、MBS、演:西村幹雄)
• 德川家康(1964年、NET、演:)
• (1964年、東寶、演:)
• (1965年、NHK大河劇、演:)
• 戰國太平記 真田幸村(1966年、TBS、演:)
• (1969年、ABC、演:)
• (1969年、ABC、演:)
• (1970年、NTV、演:森次浩司)
• (1970年、KTV、演:)
• (1971年、NHK大河劇、演:)
• (1973年、NHK大河劇、演:)
• (1973年、NET、演:)
• (1978年、NHK大河劇、演:)
• 女太閤記(1981年、NHK大河劇、演:)
• (1981年、TBS、演:)
• 德川家康(1983年、NHK大河劇、演:)
• (1985年、NHK水曜時代劇、演:)
• (1987年、TBS、演:)
• 獨眼龍政宗(1987年、NHK大河劇、演:)
• 武田信玄(1988年、NHK大河劇、演:瀧口剛)
• (1988年、TBS、演:)
• (1989年、TBS、演:)
• 春日局(1989年、NHK大河劇、演:嶺田則夫)
• 信長KING OF ZIPANGU(1992年、NHK大河劇、演:)
• 德川家康 戰國最後的勝利者(1992年、ANB、演:)
• (1993年、TBS、演:)
• 獨眼龍的野望 伊達政宗(1993年、ANB、演:北大路欣也)
• (1994年、TX、演:)
• (1995年、TX、演:)
• 秀吉(1996年、NHK大河劇、演:)
• (1999年、NHK、演:原田芳雄)
• 梟之城(1999年、東寶、演:)
• 葵德川三代(2000年、NHK大河劇、演:)
• 利家與松(2002年、NHK大河劇、演:唐澤壽明)
• (2003年、CX、演:小原雅人)
• (2006年、EX、演:)
• 功名十字路(2006年、NHK大河劇、演:唐澤壽明)
• (2006年、EX、演:)
• 寧寧:女太閤記(2009年、TX、演:原田泰造)
• 天地人(2009年、NHK大河劇、演:宇津井健)
• 江~公主們的戰國~(2011年、NHK大河劇、演:)
• 女信長(2013年、CX、演:)
• (2013年、東寶、演:淺野忠信)
• 軍師官兵衛 (2014年、NHK大河劇、演:)
• 信長協奏曲(2014年、CX、演:藤谷太輔)
• 懲毖錄(2015年、KBS、演:趙相九)
• (2016年、TX、演:)
• 真田丸(2016年、NHK大河劇、演:)
• (2017年、東映、演:佐佐木藏之介)
• 關原(2017年、東寶、演:)
• 麒麟來了(2020年、NHK大河劇、演:入江甚儀)
;漫畫
• 前田利家(、永井豪作)
• 利家與松(講談社、立木美和作)
資料來源
• 《前田利家》作者:津本陽 出版社:講談社出版
• 前田利家
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