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大檀[查看正文] [修改] [查看歷史]ctext:106998
關係 | 對象 | 文獻依據 |
---|---|---|
type | person | |
name | 大檀 | |
died | 429 | |
authority-wikidata | Q154925 | |
link-wikipedia_zh | 大檀 | |
link-wikipedia_en | Yujiulü_Datan |
生平
大檀為斛律季父僕渾次子,地粟袁之孫。414年立,429年7月卒。大檀這名稱也是韃靼一名的來源。大檀開始率領別部鎮守柔然西界,頗得眾心。北魏神瑞元年(414年),柔然步鹿真無道,大檀和高車族的叱洛侯計劃廢黜步鹿真,事發,叱洛侯自殺。大檀反擊,滅步鹿真,自立為牟汗紇升蓋可汗。和北燕馮跋聯盟,贈馬三千匹,羊一萬隻,柔然勢力恢復。入漠南和北魏發生衝突。423年,北魏在長川南修築二千里的長城防禦柔然。424年,大檀率領六萬騎兵攻打雲中,攻取盛樂宮,擒殺白道守將段進。圍困魏太武帝五十重。後來因弟弟大那的兒子于陟斤陣亡,被迫撤軍,別帥阿伏干等被北魏擊潰。425年,北魏五路軍出擊,大檀北走。428年,派兒子率領一萬騎兵攻打北魏。429年,魏太武帝兩路大軍合擊,大檀在慄水戰敗,魏軍至燕然山、兔園河,柔然所屬高車部落和柔然本部一共數十萬人歸降北魏。大檀也發病去世,其子吳提繼位。
家族
父
• 僕渾,地粟袁之子,匹候跋、縕紇提的弟弟,社崘、斛律的叔父
兄弟
• 他吾無鹿胡,439年,北魏嵇敬和建寧王拓跋崇生擒他吾無鹿胡,以及柔然的將領五百人,斬殺士卒一萬多人
• 悅代
• 大那
• 匹黎
• 中山王閭大肥
• 閭大埿倍頤
• 滎陽公閭驎
• 滎陽公閭鳳
子
• 禿鹿傀
• 朔方王乞列歸
• 敕連可汗吳提
• 俟力弗,鬱久閭伏仁的曾祖父
女兒
• 閭左昭儀
顯示更多...: Life Reign Family In popular media
Life
He was a son of Yujiulü Puhun (郁久閭僕浑), thus a cousin of Yujiulü Hulü who in 414 was overthrown by his nephew Yujiulü Buluzhen. Later Buluzhen became involved in a love affair with a younger wife of Gaoche leader Chiluohou (叱洛侯). Chiluohou was an early supporter of Shelun who entrusted him with his son Sheba (社拔) . The younger wife revealed to Buluzhen that Chiluohou would support Datan against Buluzhen, as a sign of fidelity, sent him a golden rein. As a response, Buluzhen sent 8,000 cavalry against Chiluohou and burned all his properties while Chiluohou committed suicide. After this, Buluzhen attacked Datan hastily, however Datan came out victorious and strangled both Sheba and Buluzhen, eliminating both rivals and then declared himself khagan.
Reign
He immediately allied himself to Feng Ba upon gaining throne and warred against Northern Wei. Datan led the troops to raid the border in winter of 415, but Emperor Mingyuan met him with the army. The Datan began to retreat but Wei general Daxi Jin (達奚斤) rushed after him. His forces ran into severe weather and suffered many casualties based on frostbite. This would start a theme that would last for centuries—often, Rouran would attack, and Northern Wei would counter-attack successfully, but then become unable to have decisive victories over Rouran. Meanwhile Datan reinforced relations with Northern Yan, sent a tribute of 3,000 horses and 10,000 sheep in 417.
In 423, almost immediately after Emperor Taiwu took the throne, Datan attacked Northern Wei with about 60000 soldiers. Emperor Taiwu engaged Rouran troops, and on the very first engagement became surrounded by Rouran troops, but he fought his way out of danger, and subsequently, he made nearly yearly attacks against Rouran, and each year, Rouran forces would elude him by retreating north, only to return south after he withdrew.
He was planning another invasion of Wei in 427, but destruction of Xia and capture of Helian Chang, forced him to reconsider and back down. Yet another raid was made by Rouran in 428 with 10.000 cavalry.
In 429, at the advice of Cui Hao, and against the advice of all other officials and his wet nurse Nurse Empress Dowager Dou, Emperor Taiwu attacked Rouran. Cui believed that further major conflicts with Liu Song were inevitable, and that Northern Wei must first deal Rouran a major defeat to avoid being attacked on both sides. However, Cui did not accompany Emperor Taiwu on this campaign, although he did inform Kou Qianzhi, another Wei official, who was, that the main Rouran force must be found and destroyed. When Emperor Taiwu engaged Rouran and dealt it a major loss, but was unable to find its Datan, he did not want to advance any further in fear of a trap, and even when Kou informed him what Cui had said, he stopped the pursuit. Only later did he find out that he was actually close to Yujiulü Datan's position and could have easily found and destroyed Yujiulü Datan, and he regretted this greatly. Datan on the other hand died from an illness on his way and was succeeded in 429 by Yujiulü Wuti.
Family
He had at least 4 sons and a daughter:
• Yujiulü Wuti
• Yujiulü Tulugui (郁久閭秃鹿傀)
• Yujiulü Qiliegui (郁久閭乞列归)
• Yujiulü Qilifu (郁久閭俟力弗) - ancestor of Yujiulü Furen (郁久闾伏仁, d. 29 November 586), a Sui dynasty official
• Yujiulü Zuozhaoyi (郁久閭左昭仪) - married to Emperor Taiwu, became mother of Tuoba Yu
He also had several younger brothers named Tāwu Wúluhú (他吾无鹿胡), Yuedai (悅代), Pili (匹黎), Yujiulü Fèng (郁久閭闾凤), Yujiulü Dafei (郁久閭大肥), Yujiulü Danibeiyi (郁久閭大埿倍颐) and Yujiulü Lin (郁久閭驎). Latter four submitted to Northern Wei and adopted Chinese surname of Lü (闾), a short form of Yujiulü. Dafei subsequently was created Prince Zhongshan (中山王) and was married to Princess Huoze (濩澤公主), daughter of Emperor Daowu. His other brothers Feng and Lin were created Marquis of Xingyang (荥阳公) in Northern Wei.
In popular media
• He was portrayed by Bao Depan (包德磐) in Chinese TV Series "The Story of Mulan" (花木兰传奇)
文獻資料 | 引用次數 |
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十六國春秋 | 1 |
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