生平

初仕季汉

少时游于蜀国太学，专攻《毛诗》、《三礼》，师事谯周，门人以文立比喻为颜回，陈寿、李密为子游、子夏，罗宪为子贡。兼通群书。益州刺史费禕任命其为州从事。后入朝为尚书郎。费禕为大将军时任文立为东曹掾。魏灭蜀后，举为秀才，官拜郎中。

刘恂无道

刘禅太子刘璇在锺会之乱中丧生，应立次子刘瑶为继承人，但刘禅偏爱六子刘恂，立刘恂为继承人，文立劝谏，刘禅不愿采纳。刘恂袭为安乐公。刘恂骄横暴虐，梁州、益州的人士都想上表废黜他，文立阻止他们说：「他只损害了自己的家族，不殃及百姓。」后来刘恂淫乱无道，何攀与上庸太守王崇、涪陵太守张寅作书进谏指责，要他思量文立所言。

谯周预言

咸熙二年（公元265年），文立从洛阳回蜀，前去拜访谯周。谯周因病说话并不清楚，于是写上：「典午忽兮，月酉没兮。」典午指的是司马，月酉代表八月的时候，结果司马昭果真在八月时死亡。

晋武赏识

司马炎执政期间，历官济阳太守、太子中庶子、散骑常侍。他曾上表司马炎，建议录用诸葛亮等人的后代，理由是以此来安抚巴蜀的民心，除掉东吴企图分裂取事之望，此举被司马炎所采纳。后晋武帝司马炎下诏：「诸葛亮在蜀中，竭尽心思和能力，他的儿子诸葛瞻面临危难恪守大义而死，他的孙子诸葛京应该按照才干授予官职。」又表扬傅佥父子，让本已经没入奚官的傅佥之子傅著、傅募，被赦免为庶人。

有次西域向朝廷献马，司马炎问文立：「马何如？」文立回答说，此事可问掌管马政的官员。受到司马炎的赞许。文立谦虚谨慎受武帝厚爱。武帝中期升任卫尉，为九卿之一，朝中官员服其贤雅。

陈寿曾撰《益部耆旧传》十篇。文立向朝廷呈献此书，受到司马炎的嘉奖。

泰始六年（公元270年），罗宪病逝后，巴东监军职缺由犍为（隶属益州，地界在今四川省东南与重庆市交界一带；郡府武阳，今四川省彭山县）太守杨欣继任；不久杨欣调任凉州（今甘肃省一带）刺史，朝廷考虑由唐彬或杨宗接此前线军事重任。晋武帝司马炎徵询文立的意见，文立说：「杨宗、唐彬都是国家不可或缺的将才，但唐彬贪财，杨宗好酒，请陛下斟酌。」司马炎说：「财欲可以满足，但嗜酒之性难改。」于是选任唐彬。

晚年文立连上表以年老之因，乞求解替，想返回家乡，但司马炎不准许。后于咸宁末去世。司马炎以文立有怀旧性，送葬于蜀地，还专门派使者护丧事、修建其坟墓。其所著章奏、诗赋数十篇，今已佚。

评价

• 程琼：「广休可谓不党矣！故吾善夫人也。」

• 《华阳国志》评曰：散骑穆穆，诚感圣君。

• 司马炎：太子中庶子立，忠贞清实，有思理器干。前在济阴，政事修明。后事东宫，尽辅导之节。昔光武平陇、蜀，皆收其才秀，所以援济殊方，伸叙幽滞也。

Life

Wen Li was born in Linjiang, Ba Commandery (巴郡), which is present-day Zhong County, Chongqing. Mao Chu (毛楚) and Yang Chong (杨崇), both from the same Ba Commandery (巴郡) as Wen Li, were also known for their virtues and talents. Yang Chong served as the Administrator of Wuling (武陵太守). In his youth, he studied at the Taixue (太学; Imperial Academy) of Shu Han where he specialized himself into Classic of Poetry and the The Three Rites as well as a wide range of other texts. He was a student of Qiao Zhou. Among his fellow disciples, he was compared to Yan Hui due to his eagerness to learn and modesty. While other of his classmates such as Chen Shou and Li Mi were compared to Yan Yan and Bu Shang. Along with them, Luo Xian was compared to Duanmu Ci.

When Fei Yi was the Inspector of Yi Province (益州刺史; from 244 to 253), Wen Li served as his secretary. Thereafter, he was appointed Gentleman of the Masters of Writing (尚书郎). While Fei Yi was General-in-Chief (大将军), Wen Li was also employed to serve as an assistant official in the east bureau of his office. Later, he was relocated as Master of Writing (尚书; wrote up and distributed imperial edicts).

After the conquest of Shu by Wei, he started his career under Wei in Liang Province as Bieja (别驾; important assistant to the governor of the province) where he selected people recommended as xiucai (秀才; person who passed the county level imperial exam) and langzhong (郎中; "Gentleman of the Palace"). When Emperor Wu wanted to bring more talents from Liang and Yi provinces, Wen Li was selected among other outstanding scholars. In 266, he was appointed as Administrator of Jiyin (济阴太守).

When Sima Yan established his son Sima Zhong as the Crown Prince in 267, he appointed the Minister of Works, Li Yin (李胤) as the Prince's tutor, and selected Sima You (司马攸) and Wen Li to be his junior tutors. Wen Li served as zhongshuzi (中庶子) whose role was to manage part of the imperial palace and provide guidance to the crown prince.

Afterwards, Wen Li submitted a memorial stating that the Crown Prince was a gifted and virtuous young man with a bright future, and that the attendants who served him should be selected from among talented and virtuous men. Wen Li further advised that the attendants should be observant and attentive to the Crown Prince's manners and conduct, listen carefully to his words, and be ready to respond with wisdom and insight. He emphasized the great responsibility of serving as attendants to the Crown Prince, which could only be entrusted to the most capable and virtuous individuals.

Sima Yan responded favorably to him by quoting an old saying. Thereafter, Wen Li wrote another memorial in which he appealed for clemency and recommended that the descendants of officials who had served the former state of Shu, including Zhuge Liang, Jiang Wan and Fei Yi should be employed and rewarded regardless of the past, in order to comfort the people of Ba and Shu regions and to furthermore encourage people of Wu to submit to Jin. His propositions were adopted.

Later, Sima Yan issued an edict where he praised Zhuge Liang for his fidelity toward his state and his son Zhuge Zhan for facing death with righteousness. Stating that Zhuge Liang's grandson Zhuge Jing (诸葛京) should be granted official position according to his ability. He also praised Fu Rong and Fu Qian for their loyalty and said that Fu Qian's sons. Fu Zhu (傅著) and Fu Mu (傅募) should be exempted from being commoners and employed them as officials.

In 274, an imperial edict stated: "The Crown Prince's attendant, Wen Li is loyal, steadfast and thoroughly sincere. Think with reason and act with talent. Previously, when he administered Jiyin, his governmence was clear and bright. Later, he assisted with the Imperial Palace and fulfilled his duties as a mentor. In the past, Emperor Guangwu pacified the regions of Shu by utilizing the talents of the local people, so they could provide him new directions thus achieving success in remote areas and promoting the development of those who were neglected. Therefore, it seems just to have Wen Li as Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary (散骑常侍)."

Wen Li repeatedly declined the offer, but Sima Yan did not accept his refusal. Therefore, Wen Li submitted a memorial saying: "The heart of a minister should desire thrift in order to cultivate gain. When it comes to human's emotion, greed should be quieted in order to make place to brightness. Yet, It is a natural tendency for people to covet the opportunity to go from obscurity to prominence. This is true for both the wise and the foolish. How could I be an exception? But when I think about it, I am neither talented nor capable of handling important affairs. I am merely a humble and foolish person; how could I face such an assignment?" An Imperial edict answered: ""The position Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary (散骑常侍) is bestowed upon those with talent. Why are you so modest?"

Wen Li continued to serve Sima Yan, offering suggestions on various matters and making significant contributions. He recruited talented people from Liang and Yi provinces, ensuring that they were fairly asserrted and given appropriate positions. As a result, he was highly regarded by his peers. A former Shu official, who worked as Master of Writing (尚书), Cheng Qiong (程琼) was known as a virtuous man of high moral character. He had a close relationship with Wen Li. When Sima Yan heard of Cheng Qiong's reputation, he asked Wen Li about him. Wen Li replied: "I am very familiar with this person. However, he is almost eighty years old and, by nature modest and unassuming. He no longer holds the same aspirations as before and that is why I have not mentioned him to Your Majesty." Upon hearing this, Cheng Qiong said: "Guangxiu (Wen Li's courtesy name) can truly be considered impartial! That is why I have always admired him."

When horses were presented from the western border, Sima Yan asked Wen Li: "What do you think of the horses?" Wen Li replied: "I would like to ask the master of the stable." Sima Yan appreciated his humility and prudence. Wen Li was later promoted to the position of Minister of the Guards (卫尉) but still maintained his previous responsibilities. His virtuous and elegant demeanor was admired by the imperial court, and he became a renowned minister of the time.

He often submitted memorials requesting to be relieved of his duties due to his old age and to return to his hometown, but Sima Yan refused. Eventually, Wen Li died in 279. Sima Yan, knowing Wen Li's affection for his homeland ordered his burial in the Shu region and arranged for an envoy to accompany the funeral procession. The local government and people honored him greatly.

Appraisal and anecdote

Chang Qu, who wrote Wen Li's biography in the Chronicles of Huayang (Huayang Guo Zhi), appraised Wen Li as follows: "Solemn aura, sense of sincerity and sage gentleman."

As Liu Shan's eldest son, Crown Prince Liu Xuan died in Zhong Hui's Rebellion. His second son Liu Yao (刘瑶) was excepted to succeed him. However Liu Shan favorite son was chosen instead. His sixth son, Liu Xun (刘恂). Wen Li strongly advised against this decision, but his advice was not heeded. Liu Xun, who succeeded his father as the Duke of Anle (安乐公), grew up to be arrogant and cruel. People from Liang and Yi provinces wanted to submit a petition to have him removed from his position but Wen Li stopped them, arguing that the Duke's actions only harmed his own family and not the common people. Later, Liu Xun continued his licentious and immoral ways. He Pan, Wang Chong Administrator of Shangyong (上庸太守) and Zhang Yin (张寅) Administrator of Fuling (涪陵太守) wrote letters admonishing him and reminding him to reflect on Wen Li's advice. Wen Li wrote dozens of memorials, essays, poems, and praises who were collected into several volumes. But since then, most of them have been lost.