洪福源(1206年 - 1258年),本名
福良,
高麗唐城人,
蒙古帝國時高麗籍將領。祖上是
唐朝時到高麗來的移民,為懷念故國便將留居地命名為「唐城」。他有一個著名的兒子
洪茶丘(洪俊奇)。
顯示更多...: 初次與蒙古人接觸 投奔蒙古 引蒙古二征高麗 西京戰敗 高麗軍民長官 福源之死
初次與蒙古人接觸
福源父洪大純在高麗高宗時任麟州都領。1218年10月蒙古軍進入高麗並襲擊被東遼耶律喊舍政權佔據的江東城,高麗北部各州郡多出兵協助,福源時僅十二歲,亦隨父率麟州兵助戰,十二月蒙古軍攻下江東城。耶律喊舍政權其後滅亡。這是福源首次接觸蒙古人,後福源漸長,在其父職下任神騎都領。
投奔蒙古
1231年8月蒙古以高麗殺害使臣為由,遣大將撒里台出征高麗,圍新興,並在攻克鐵州後屠城。高麗軍節節敗退,引起國內惶恐,福源請求與蒙古議和,但遭到權臣崔瑀的反對,福源便率眾千餘投蒙古,蒙古對其大加讚賞,並令其為嚮導,先後攻克高麗北部黃、鳳、宣、郭等州郡城池四十餘座,九月撒里台令洪福源與部將阿禿兒往高麗都城開城勸降,高麗遣使議和,並獻金、銀、皮革、牛羊各數千。蒙古在高麗設達魯花赤七十餘人做監視後撤軍,洪福源因投誠有功被蒙古人命為高麗東京總管。高麗雖然議和,但以崔瑀為首的武家並不願意接受這一事實。
引蒙古二征高麗
1232年6月,崔瑀發動政變襲殺都城的達魯花赤,並遣將在各地驅殺蒙古官員。面對這一突然變故,洪福源急忙遣使報告蒙古。蒙古聞報急遣撒里台領兵萬餘往討,福源亦招集民兵數千從軍。高麗軍連戰連敗,崔瑀挾國王潛逃江華島,十二月正當蒙古軍即將攻陷高麗國都時,統帥撒里台突然陣亡,蒙古副將帖哥引兵撤退。福源留守高麗,負責安撫降民。
西京戰敗
1233年10月福源策應高麗西京郎將畢賢甫襲殺西京宣諭使鄭毅和郎將樸祿全,占領西京。不久崔瑀遣兵馬使閔曦率軍來攻,西京失陷,賢甫被俘腰斬,福源父大純、叔百壽不及出逃被俘,高麗下令以福源叛國將其叔、父流放孤島,福源出逃朝鮮半島北部,率龜州四十餘城的降民往投蒙古遼東。
高麗軍民長官
1234年蒙古窩闊台大汗為表彰其對蒙古的忠誠,賜其金符並令其為高麗第一任軍民長官。次年蒙古興師問罪高麗,令宗王唐古拔都兒統領,福源為副將,前往征討,先後拿下鳳州、慈州等。次年又克金山等地,1237年又攻占高麗南部龍崗、咸從諸城,高麗乞和,獻牛羊、皮革、金、銀無數,釋放福源父叔,並封洪大純為大將軍,洪百壽為郎將,蒙古撤軍,將降民萬餘遷至遼東,不久又在遼東瀋州設瀋陽路安置降民,令福源管治。
1240年高麗將趙玄習、李元率眾數千來投降福源,1241年高麗派假王子永寧公王綧入質蒙古。
1247年貴由汗令高麗撤出江華島,遭到高麗主戰派拒絕。貴由命大將阿母侃統軍征討,福源亦隨軍出征,攻克高麗威州平虜城。次年因貴由汗病逝撤軍。
1251年蒙哥汗繼位,表彰洪福源多次隨蒙古出征的功勞,賜其金符。1253年蒙哥命宗王耶虎率軍再征高麗,福源為先鋒軍,先後攻陷禾山、春州。高麗被迫遷出江華島,並遣王世子安慶公王堪到蒙古為人質。
福源之死
1258年福源到蒙古朝見,留居和林假王子永寧公王綧家,初兩人相處和睦,後王綧對福源出賣祖國的行為漸生不滿,便聯合高麗國內陷害福源,高麗遣使至蒙古離間福源,蒙哥遂下令囚禁福源,王綧對妻說福源詆毀蒙古薩滿。王綧妻為蒙古王族,聽後不滿便讒言福源欲謀害皇族,蒙哥汗怒下令處斬福源,福源聞之跪泣求恕,王綧為之動容,但不及向蒙哥請恕,福源被斬,家產沒收。
1261年其子洪俊奇為其昭雪,忽必烈汗贈其為嘉議大夫,封瀋陽侯,謚忠惠。
以上介紹摘自維基百科;若有錯漏,敬請在維基百科上修改
來源條目。
Hong Bok-won (1206–1258) was a
Goryeo commander who later served as an administrator of the
Mongol Empire.
He was born to Hong Daesun (洪大純), an officer in northwestern Korea. When the Mongols intruded into Goryeo to attack Khitan rebel groups in 1218, Daesun went over to the Mongols. During the first Mongol invasion in 1231, Hong Bok-won greeted the Mongol army and turned against Goryeo. His guidance for the Mongols inflamed Korean animosity against him. He remained in Seogyeong (now P'yŏngyang) as a Mongol delegate. He was banished and his father was captured by Goryeo in 1234. Ögedei Khan allowed him to settle around Liaoyang and Shenyang and installed him as an administrator. That was the beginning of Korea colonies in Liaodong, whose head was later called King of Shen (瀋王). Even though Goryeo released his father, he joined Mongol incursions into Goryeo.
Goryeo sent Wang Jun, a member of the Goryeo royal family, as a hostage to the Mongol Empire. Jun and Bok-won came to conflict with each other. In 1258 he was executed because of defamation by Wang Jun during the reign of Möngke Khan. That brought serious antagonism between Goryeo and his second son Hong Dagu.
顯示更多...: Family In popular culture
Family
• Father: Hong Daesun (홍대순)
• Grandfather: Hong Je-seon (홍제선)
• Grandmother: Lady Mun (부인 문씨); daughter of Mun Sin-u (문신우, 文申祐)
• Unnamed mother
• Younger brother: Hong Baeksu (홍백수)
• Nephew: Hong-Seon (홍선)
• Grandnephew: Hong-Tak (홍탁); became the father of Lady Hong, Consort Hwa
• Grandnephew: Hong-Su (홍수); became the great-grandfather of Hong Gilmin (홍길민–Kingdom of Joseon's founder)
• Unnamed wife
• 1st son: Hong Dagu (홍다구, 洪茶丘)
• 2nd son: Hong Gunsang (홍군상, 洪君祥)
• Daughter: Lady Hong (부인 홍씨, 夫人 洪氏)
• Son-in-law: Jang-Wi (장위, 張暐)
In popular culture
• Portrayed by Lee Won-jae in the 2012 MBC TV series God of War.
以上介紹摘自維基百科;若有錯漏,敬請在維基百科上修改
來源條目。