中國哲學書電子化計劃 數據維基 |
嚴畯[查看正文] [修改] [查看歷史]ctext:188897
關係 | 對象 | 文獻依據 |
---|---|---|
type | person | |
name | 嚴畯 | |
authority-wikidata | Q1055664 | |
link-wikipedia_zh | 严畯 | |
link-wikipedia_en | Yan_Jun |
生平
嚴畯為人好學,「善《詩經》、《書經》、《三禮》,又好《說文解字》」,漢末大亂時到江東避難,與諸葛瑾、步騭、張昭子張承是好朋友,後與步騭、諸葛瑾遊走當地拜訪名士,逐漸齊名為當時英傑。不久被張昭推薦給孫權作騎都尉、從事中郎。
建安二十二年(217年),魯肅逝世,臨終時未留下遺言,也沒有向孫權推薦過接班人,于是孫權打算讓嚴畯接替其位。嚴畯很有自知之明,知道自己沒有能力對抗在荊州的關羽和北面的曹魏,便堅決不接受此任命,對孫權說:「樸素書生,不閒軍事,非才而據,咎悔必至。」,孫權又試騎嚴畯的馬匹卻跌下來,因此不再強迫。後來孫權成功地啟用呂蒙,白衣渡江占領荊州。自知之明雖然不是經邦濟世的大才能,但也十分難能可貴。
黃武七年(227年),出席呂範的葬禮,與孫權討論呂範為人。後孫權稱帝(229年),時任衛尉的嚴畯去出使蜀漢,被蜀相諸葛亮深深賞識。回國後的期間曾襯托張昭的注家造詣。後因保護廣陵舊友劉穎,而被孫權免官。
赤烏初,被任命為尚書令。241年,皇太子孫登的《臨終上疏》裡有嚴畯的名字。後卒,享年七十八歲。
家庭
• 嚴凱,嚴畯子,官至昇平少府。
• 嚴爽,嚴凱弟。
• 嚴武,字子卿,嚴畯族子,江南八絕的棋絕。
著作
嚴畯撰寫了中國最早的潮汐學專篇《潮水論》,但可惜已佚,具體內容亦無考。另著有《孝經傳》。
評價
陳壽:「性質直純厚,其於人物,忠告善道,志存補益。」評語:「張紘文理意正,為世令器,孫策待之亞於張昭,誠有以也,嚴、程、闞生,一時儒林也。至畯辭榮濟舊,不亦長者乎!」
《三國演義》
在《三國演義》中嚴畯僅有作為和諸葛亮舌戰的群儒之一。
Life
Yan Jun was from Pengcheng (彭城), which is present-day Xuzhou, Jiangsu. He was known for being very studious since he was young and was well versed in Confucian classics. When chaos broke out in central China towards the end of the Han dynasty, he migrated to the Jiangdong region in southern China, where he met and befriended other famous scholars such as Zhuge Jin and Bu Zhi. He was known for being sincere, honest and committed to everything he did.
Sometime in the third century, Zhang Zhao recommended Yan Jun to serve under the warlord Sun Quan, who controlled the territories in Jiangdong. Sun Quan appointed him as a Cavalry Commandant (騎都尉) and Assistant Officer. When Sun Quan's general Lu Su died in 217, Sun Quan wanted to let Yan Jun replace Lu and take charge of the military garrison at Lukou (陸口; around present-day Jiayu County, Hubei). The other officials congratulated Yan Jun on his new appointment, but Yan Jun firmly declined and said: "I am only a simple scholar and I am unfamiliar with military affairs. If I take up this appointment which I am not suited for, there will be regrets later." He spoke very sincerely – to the point of breaking down in tears. Sun Quan then asked him to try riding on a horse, but he fell off after getting onto horseback, so Sun Quan decided to not let him replace Lu Su. Yan Jun received praise for being candid about his abilities.
In 229, after Sun Quan declared himself emperor and established the state of Eastern Wu, he appointed Yan Jun as Minister of the Guards (衞尉) and sent him as an emissary to Wu's ally state, Shu Han. In Shu, Yan Jun met and received high praise from Zhuge Liang, the chancellor of Shu. He was known for being generous as he did not keep the gifts and rewards he received from others and instead distributed them among his relatives and close friends.
Sun Quan once asked Yan Jun to recite something he memorised in his childhood. Yan Jun thus recited "The Scope and Meaning of the Treatise", the opening paragraph of the Classic of Filial Piety. Zhang Zhao, who was also present, remarked: "Yan Jun is a mediocre scholar. I humbly seek permission to recite for Your Majesty." After Sun Quan approved, Zhang Zhao recited "The Service of the Ruler", another paragraph in the Classic of Filial Piety. Sun Quan's other subjects agreed that Zhang Zhao had a good understanding of what he should recite in front of the emperor.
Liu Ying, a scholar from Guangling Commandery (around present-day Huai'an, Jiangsu), was an old friend of Yan Jun. Sun Quan heard about Liu Ying's talent and wanted to recruit him but Liu Ying claimed that he was sick and declined the offer. Not long later, Liu Ying's younger brother, Liu Lue, died in office while serving as the Administrator of Lingling Commandery (零陵郡; around present-day Yongzhou, Hunan), so Liu Ying travelled to Lingling to attend the funeral. Sun Quan concluded that Liu Ying lied about his illness so he ordered Liu Ying's arrest. When Yan Jun heard about it, he rushed to Lingling to inform Liu Ying and brought Liu Ying along to meet Sun Quan and apologise. Sun Quan was so furious that he dismissed Yan Jun from office. He spared Liu Ying, however.
After some time, Sun Quan recalled Yan Jun back to service and appointed him as the Prefect of the Masters of Writing (尚書令). It is not known when Yan Jun died, but the Wu Shu (吳書; Book of Wu) recorded that he died at the age of 78 (by East Asian age reckoning). He was survived by two sons: Yan Kai (嚴凱) and Yan Shuang (嚴爽). Yan Kai also served in the Wu government and his highest appointment was Minister Steward (昇平少府).
Yan Jun wrote two books – Xiao Jing Zhuan (孝經傳) and Chao Shui Lun (潮水論). His discussions with Pei Xuan (裴玄) and Zhang Cheng on the historical figures Guan Zhong and Ji Lu were also spread around.
文獻資料 | 引用次數 |
---|---|
兩漢三國學案 | 6 |
三國志 | 4 |
萬姓統譜 | 2 |
大清一統志 | 2 |
江南通志 | 2 |
書史會要 | 2 |
通志 | 2 |
名賢氏族言行類稿 | 2 |
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