生平

庾亮早有名望，時人比作夏侯玄和陳群一類的人。十六歲被東海王司馬越闢命為掾，但庾亮不應命，而跟隨父親庾琛到會稽居住。

後來，移鎮建鄴的鎮東大將軍司馬睿聽聞庾亮的名聲，於是聘為西曹掾。司馬睿對庾亮甚為器重，更為兒子司馬紹聘娶庾亮妹妹庾文君。後來庾亮因參與永嘉五年（311年）討伐江州刺史華軼的行動而封都亭侯，參丞相軍事，並掌書記。

東晉建立後，庾亮官拜中書郎，領著作並侍講東宮。庾亮的論點和釋義都常常獲人稱揚述說，並與溫嶠同為太子司馬紹的好友。後歷任給事中、黃門侍郎、散騎常侍。後獲王敦表為中領軍。

助平王敦

永昌元年（322年），王敦之亂爆發，王敦領軍擊敗朝廷軍隊並專掌朝政，元帝因而憂憤而死，由太子即位，是為晉明帝。王敦大權在握後，更打算篡位，對有盛名的庾亮雖表面崇敬，其實內心則非常忌憚，庾亮於是稱病離職。但後來又任中書監。太寧二年（324年）王敦再次舉兵，庾亮加左衛將軍，與諸將抵抗王敦部將錢鳳等。王敦軍及後戰敗，王敦親信沈充敗走吳興，庾亮又假節都督東征諸軍事，追捕沈充。王敦之亂完全平定後，庾亮因功而獲封永昌縣開國公，但庾亮不接受。後轉護軍將軍。

外戚輔政

南頓王司馬宗和右衛將軍虞胤向來獲明帝信任和親近，更掌禁軍，聚集很多勇力作為黨羽，甚至將宮門的鑰匙也交給他們了。這都令王導和庾亮兩位權臣不滿，對此很有意見。次年，晉明帝患病，庾亮夜間有事要向明帝上表，於是向司馬宗取宮門鑰匙，但遭拒絕，更被叱責：「你當這是你家門，可隨意出入呀？」庾亮因而對司馬宗更為不滿。後明帝病重，不願見人，群臣都不能和他接觸。庾亮又察覺司馬宗、虞胤與太宰西陽王司馬羕趁機打算作亂，於是直入明帝臥室，並向明帝陳說司馬宗等的圖謀，自求輔政，言辭深切，終令明帝感悟，引庾亮升御座，與司馬羕、司徒王導、尚書令卞壼、車騎將軍郗鑒、領軍將軍陸曄和丹楊尹溫嶠一同受命輔政。並加庾亮給事中，轉任中書令。

不久明帝病逝，晉成帝繼位，並由庾太后臨朝，政事都由庾亮決策。王導輔政因風格寛和而得眾心，但庾亮凡事以法，因此失掉人心。同時陶侃和祖約都沒有獲任命為輔政大臣，皆懷疑庾亮纂改遺詔，都有怨言流傳。庾亮於是任命溫嶠為江州刺史，作為外援；也修護石頭城以作防備。其時司馬宗等人密謀除去以庾亮為首的輔政大臣，庾亮於是因御史中丞鍾雅彈劾司馬宗謀反一事而派趙胤收捕司馬宗。司馬宗勒兵反抗但被趙胤擊殺。庾亮及後貶司馬宗一族為馬氏，三子廢為庶人，又免司馬羕官，貶為弋陽縣王；同時亦將虞胤貶為桂陽太守。事後，很多人都認為庾亮此舉是意圖翦除司馬氏宗室。更有一次，未知司馬宗已死的晉成帝見司馬宗久久沒來，問庾亮：「平日見到的白頭公在哪？」庾亮說他謀反，已被誅除。成帝聽後卻哭著說：「舅父說人是逆賊，就殺了他；那麼他人說舅父是逆賊，應該如何辦？」庾亮聽後大懼，色變。

蘇峻之亂

司馬宗黨羽卞闡在司馬宗事敗後逃亡，投奔歷陽內史蘇峻。庾亮於是命蘇峻送卞闡到建康，但蘇峻不應命。蘇峻在當時亦常常收納亡命之徒，常用嚴刑，而且勢力日漸增長，庾亮預料蘇峻終會作亂，於是在咸和二年（327年）打算徵召蘇峻，藉此消除其威脅，以免日後勢力大得難以消滅。但朝野上下都反對，認為行事太急，尤以卞壼的反對聲音最為強烈，溫嶠亦多次上書勸止，但庾亮仍堅持。庾亮及後便正式徵召蘇峻為大司農，改由其弟蘇逸統領其兵。蘇峻向來害怕庾亮要加害自己，見此於是上書求守青州，但都不獲允許。蘇峻遂在猶豫之間接受參軍任讓勒兵自守的建議而不受命，及後更聯結祖約一同以誅庾亮為名起兵。

蘇峻派部將韓晃進攻姑孰（今安徽常塗縣）和宣城（今安徽宣城市），兩地守軍都不能抵抗。於次年，蘇峻大軍在連番取勝之下逼近建康。庾亮於是受詔假節都督征討諸軍事，預備在宣陽門外與蘇峻軍決戰。但大軍還未列陣，士兵就棄甲逃走，庾亮唯有乘小船逃離，而蘇峻最終亦成功攻陷建康，控制朝政。庾亮及後帶同三位弟弟一同到尋陽（今江西九江）投奔駐紥當地的溫嶠，溫嶠因敬重庾亮，分兵給庾亮之餘仍想推他為都統，但庾亮佢絕，最終成功推舉陶侃為盟主，反擊蘇峻。當陶侃領兵到尋陽與溫嶠會合時，陶侃既因輔政大臣之事而恨庾亮，而且庾亮亦直接觸發這次動亂，人人都認為陶侃應誅庾亮以謝天下。庾亮知道後十分畏懼，於是在陶侃面前引咎自責，舉止優美，令陶侃在不自覺中釋懷。

庾亮及後領二千人守白石壘，被蘇峻領一萬多步兵從四面來攻，士眾見此都十分畏懼，但庾亮激厲將士，並殊死一戰，最終擊退蘇峻，並追擊殺了數百人。及後在溫嶠和陶侃的領導下，於咸和四年（329年）成功平定蘇峻之亂。

出鎮方隅

蘇峻之亂平定後，庾亮謝罪求退，被成帝拒絕；庾亮及後從暨陽意圖出海逃遁隱居，但亦被成帝下詔沒收船隻。庾亮於是請求出鎮，最終獲任命為持節都督豫州、揚州之江西宣城諸軍事、平西將軍、假節任豫州刺史，領宣城內史。庾亮於出鎮蕪湖。但在同年十二月，後將軍郭默就殺平南將軍劉胤叛亂，庾亮於是上表請求討伐，率諸將與太尉陶侃會合，最終於咸和五年（330年）平滅郭默。庾亮在郭默平定後堅拒接受封賞。

咸和九年（334年），陶侃逝世，庾亮改都督江、荊、豫、益、梁、雍六州諸軍事，領江、荊、豫三州刺史，並進號征西將軍、假節。並遷鎮武昌。

士族相爭

王導當時在朝中輔政，行事不拘小節，任用的將領如趙胤和賈寧等都不太遵守法令，但王導仍容忍，因而受很多大臣不滿。陶侃昔日就曾意圖起兵罷黜王導，但因郗鑒阻止而沒有實行。咸康四年（338年），庾亮又意圖舉眾罷黜王導，並請求時任太尉的郗鑒支持。但為郗鑒所拒絕，庾亮再寫信游說郗鑒，郗鑒仍然拒絕，最終庾亮的計劃胎死腹中，亦免除了一場東晉王、庾兩大士族之間的爭鬥。陶侃之子陶稱察覺庾亮有異志，便報告王導，但王導不以為意說：「吾與元規，休戚是同，悠悠之談，宜絕智者之口」。但兩人亦有嫌隙，王導曾說：「元規塵汙人」。

北伐之志

咸康五年（339年），庾亮見後趙石勒已死，意圖奪回北方失土，於是請求解任豫州刺史而改授給征虜將軍毛寶，毛寶於是以監揚州江西諸軍事、豫州刺史的身份與西陽太守樊峻領一萬精兵守邾城。庾亮又讓陶稱帶著五千人進入沔中，加強對邊境的防守。陶稱領二百士兵北渡長江取道夏口上任，照例拜見庾亮，這時庾亮大會文武百官，一一列舉其過失罪惡，陶稱恐懼，伏地拜謝。最後庾亮以「肆縱醜言，無所顧忌、要結諸將，欲阻兵構難」等原因處死陶稱。庾亮又派軍進攻佔據蜀地的成漢，捕成漢荊州刺史李閎和巴郡太守黃植；庾亮及後上疏北伐，求領十萬兵眾進據石城，作為諸軍的聲援。在朝中得到王導支持，但郗鑒則以物資不夠而反對大規模軍事行動，太常蔡謨認為後趙兵強而且後趙主石虎是優秀將領，認為庾亮不足以對付石虎，建議當時應該據有長江天險防禦，反對北伐。移鎮石城的計劃於是被下詔阻止。

同時，石虎對庾亮的軍事行動十分厭惡，於是任命夔安為大都督，帶領石鑒、石閔、李農、張貉及李菟等五將率五萬人攻東晉荊州和揚州北部，另領二萬騎攻邾城。當時毛寶向庾亮求救，但庾亮以城牆堅固而沒立刻派兵。

不久，張貉攻陷邾城，毛寶和樊峻突圍逃走時在長江溺死，沔南和江夏守軍亦敗於趙軍，連庾亮早前打算移鎮的石城亦被圍困，因竟陵太守李陽拒戰而得以解圍。當時庾亮仍打算再度上疏求遷石城，但知邾城失陷後就打消念頭，並自貶三級，行安南將軍。後獲下詔恢復原職。

庾亮自邾城陷落後就因憂慨而患病，終於在咸康六年（340年）逝世，享年五十二歲，追贈太尉，諡文康。

性格特徵

• 庾亮美姿容，擅長清談，喜好老莊學說。

• 庾亮長子庾會死後，他的夫人諸葛文彪要改嫁，諸葛文彪的父親諸葛恢寫信給庾亮提到此事。庾亮答覆說：「令嬡還年輕，本來就該改嫁。不過我想起死去的兒子，就好像他剛剛去世一樣。」

家庭

弟妹

• 庾懌，東晉將領，官至西中郎將、監宜城廬江歷陽安豐四郡軍事。後因試圖以毒酒毒殺江州刺史王允之失敗而自殺。

• 庾冰，東晉將領，官至車騎將軍。

• 庾文君，晉明帝皇后。

• 庾條，官至冠軍將軍，臨川郡太守。

• 庾翼，東晉將領，官至征西將軍。

• 庾氏，何充妻

夫人

• 荀氏，善書法，韋續將其書法評定為九等中的第三等「上下」

子女

• 庾會，庾亮長子，蘇峻之亂時遇害。

• 庾羲，字叔和，小字道恩，庾亮第三子，吳國內史。

• 庾龢，東晉官員，曾任丹楊尹、中領軍。

孫

• 庾楷，庾羲子

• 庾恆，字敬則，庾龢子，官至尚書僕射。

曾孫

庾鴻，字伯鸞，庾楷子

注釋

參考書目

• 《晉書·庾亮傳》

• 《資治通鑒·晉紀十五至十八》

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Early career

When Yu Liang was young, he was known for his skills in rhetoric and knowledge in the Taoist philosophies of Lao Tsu and Zhuangzi. When he was just 15, he was invited by Emperor Huai's regent Sima Yue the Prince of Donghai to be on his staff, but he declined, instead staying in Kuaiji Commandery (the southern shore of Hangzhou Bay) with his father Yu Chen (庾琛), the governor of Kuaiji.

After Sima Rui the Prince of Langye was posted to Jianye as the military commander of the area south of the Yangtze in 307, he invited Yu Liang to serve on his staff, and during that time, he became impressed by Yu's abilities and solemn attitude, and he took Yu Liang's sister Yu Wenjun to be his son Sima Shao's wife. It was while in Sima Rui's service that Yu was created the Marquess of Duting. Later, after Sima Rui claimed imperial title after Emperor Min's death in 318 (as Emperor Yuan), Yu, along with Wen Jiao, were friends and key advisors of Sima Shao, who became crown prince. After Emperor Yuan's death and succession by Crown Prince Shao (as Emperor Ming), Yu continued to be a key advisor, and was heavily involved in his planning against and subsequent defeat of the warlord Wang Dun's forces in 324. Yu declined all monetary awards and the title of the Duke of Yongchang, however.

The Su Jun Disturbance

As Emperor Ming neared death in 325, he entrusted his four-year-old son Crown Prince Yan, by Yu Liang's sister Empress Yu, to a number of high-level officials, including Yu, Sima Yang (司馬羕) the Prince of Xiyang, Wang Dao, Bian Kun (卞壼), Chi Jian, Lu Ye (陸瞱), and Wen Jiao. Initially, after he died later that year and was succeeded by Crown Prince Yan (as Emperor Cheng), the officials were in charge together, but as Empress Dowager Yu became regent, Yu Liang became effectively the most powerful official in the administration. He changed from the lenient policies of Wang (who was prime minister during Emperor Ming's reign) to stricter applications of laws and regulations, which offended the officials accustomed to Wang's lenience. Further, he became apprehensive of the generals Tao Kan and Zu Yue – neither of whom was mentioned in the list of honors and promotions announced by Emperor Ming's will and believed that Yu had erased their names from the will – and Su Jun, who had allowed many criminals to join his army. In 326, he alienated public opinion by falsely accusing Sima Yang's brother Sima Zong (司馬宗) the Prince of Nandun of treason and killing him and deposing Sima Yang.

In 327, apprehensive of Su's ambitions, Yu became intent on stripping him of his military command, and he promoted Su to the post of minister of agriculture in order to do so. Su refused and rebelled, in alliance with Zu. Yu, initially believing that he could defeat Su easily, declined assistance from provincial officials, including Wen's Jiang Province (江州, modern Jiangxi) forces, but instead Su quickly descended on the capital Jiankang (name changed from Jianye due to naming taboo of Emperor Min's name) and captured it in early 328, taking Emperor Cheng and Empress Dowager Yu and forcing Yu Liang to flee to Wen.

Yu and Wen quickly prepared their forces for a counterattack against Su. They invited Tao to join them, and Tao, initially refusing because of his residual anger against Yu, eventually accepted, but as Tao's forces were about to arrive, a rumor spread that Tao was going to kill Yu. Yu, hearing the rumor, decided to greet Tao and prostrate himself, apologizing for his errors. Tao's anger dissipated, and they joined forces, killing Su in battle in late 328 and defeating the remnants of his forces in early 329.

After Su Juns defeat

Initially, Yu tendered many resignations to the emperor, his nephew. Wang Dao, as regent, turned those resignations down in the emperor's name and but instead commissioned Yu as the governor of Yu Province (豫州, by that point referring to modern central Anhui). After Tao's death in 334, Yu succeeded him as the governor of Jing (荊州, modern Hubei and Hunan), posted to Wuchang (武昌, modern Ezhou, Hubei), Yu, and Jiang Provinces and the military commander of the western provinces. Even though he was not in control of the government, but he continued to have great influence from his post as the emperor's uncle.

In 338, angry at what he saw as Wang's overly lenient attitude and not sufficiently grooming Emperor Cheng to rule, Yu tried to convince Chi to join him in an effort to depose Wang, but Chi refused, and Yu never carried out his plans. Instead, in 339, he planned a major attack north against Later Zhao. After opposing from Chi and Cai Mo, however, Emperor Cheng ordered Yu to stop his plans. After Wang died later that year, however, the government became in control of Wang's assistant He Chong and Yu Liang's brother Yu Bing (庾冰), and Yu Liang resumed his battle preparations. This drew a response from Later Zhao's emperor Shi Hu, who attacked several major cities and bases on the Jin/Zhao border, inflicting heavy losses and capturing Zhucheng (邾城, in modern Huanggang, Hubei) before withdrawing. Yu, humiliated, offered to have himself demoted, and while Emperor Cheng refused, he became distressed and died on the first day of the lunar new year in 340.