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中國哲學書電子化計劃 數據維基
-> 伊藤博文

伊藤博文[查看正文] [修改] [查看歷史]
ctext:248276

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typeperson
name伊藤博文
born1841
died1909
authority-viaf59886675
authority-wikidataQ174971
link-wikipedia_zh伊藤博文
link-wikipedia_enItō_Hirobumi

伊藤博文(1841年10月16日 - 1909年),幼名利助,字俊輔,號春畝滄浪閣主人,本姓林氏。日本近代政治家,明治維新元老,是前往英國留學的長州五傑之一,帶領日本完成了西化,首任日本內閣總理大臣,甲午中日戰爭策劃者,曾任日本首任朝鮮統監府統監。1909年10月26日,與俄羅斯談判之際,在哈爾濱火車站被安重根刺殺。

顯示更多...: 幼年   留學英國   尊皇攘夷   四度拜相   韓國統監與遇刺   歷任職務   爵位   評價   世系   登場作品   相關條目   參考來源  

以上介紹摘自維基百科;若有錯漏,敬請在維基百科上修改來源條目
Duke was a Japanese politician and statesman who served as the first Prime Minister of Japan. He was also a leading member of the genrō, a group of senior statesmen that dictated Japanese policy during the Meiji era.

A London-educated samurai of the Chōshū Domain and a central figure in the Meiji Restoration, Itō Hirobumi chaired the bureau which drafted the Constitution for the newly formed Empire of Japan. Looking to the West for inspiration, Itō rejected the United States Constitution as too liberal and the Spanish Restoration as too despotic. Instead, he drew on British and German models, particularly the Prussian Constitution of 1850. Dissatisfied with Christianity's pervasiveness in European legal precedent, he replaced such religious references with those rooted in the more traditionally Japanese concept of a kokutai or "national polity" which hence became the constitutional justification for imperial authority.

During the 1880s, Itō emerged as the most powerful figure in the Meiji government. By 1885, he became the first Prime Minister of Japan, a position he went on to hold four times (thereby making his tenure one of the longest in Japanese history). Even out of office as the nation's head of government, he continued to wield enormous influence over Japan's policies as a permanent imperial adviser, or , and the President of the Emperor's Privy Council. A staunch monarchist, Itō favored a large, all-powerful bureaucracy which answered solely to the Emperor and opposed the formation of political parties. His third term as Prime Minister was ended in 1898 by the opposition's consolidation into the Kenseitō party, prompting him to found the Rikken Seiyūkai party to counter its rise. In 1901, he resigned his fourth and final ministry upon tiring of party politics.

On the world stage, Itō presided over an ambitious foreign policy. He strengthened diplomatic ties with the Western powers including Germany, the United States and especially the United Kingdom. In Asia, he oversaw the First Sino-Japanese War and negotiated the surrender of China's ruling Qing dynasty on terms aggressively favourable to Japan, including the annexation of Taiwan and the release of Korea from the Chinese Imperial tribute system. While expanding his country's claims in Asia, Itō sought to avoid conflict with the Russian Empire through the policy of Man-Kan kōkan – the proposed surrender of Manchuria to Russia's sphere of influence in exchange for recognition of Japanese hegemony in Korea. However, in a diplomatic visit to Saint Petersburg in November 1901, Itō found Russian authorities completely unreceptive to such terms. Consequently, Japan's incumbent Prime Minister, Katsura Tarō, elected to abandon the pursuit of Man-Kan kōkan, which resulted in an escalation of tensions culminating in the Russo-Japanese War.

After Japanese forces emerged victorious over Russia, the ensuing Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905 made Itō the first Japanese Resident-General of Korea. Despite initially supporting the sovereignty of the indigenous Joseon monarchy, he ultimately consented to the total annexation of Korea in response to pressure from the increasingly powerful Imperial Army. Shortly thereafter, he resigned as Resident-General in 1909 and assumed office once again as President of the Imperial Privy Council. Four months later, Itō was assassinated by Korean-independence activist and nationalist An Jung-geun in Manchuria. The annexation process was formalised by another treaty the following year after Ito's death. Through his daughter Ikuko, Itō was the father-in-law of politician, intellectual and author Suematsu Kenchō.

顯示更多...: Early years   Political career   Rise to power   As Prime Minister   As Resident-General of Korea   Assassination   Legacy   In Japan   In Korea   Genealogy   Honours   Japanese   Peerages   Decorations   Court ranks   Foreign  

以上介紹摘自維基百科;若有錯漏,敬請在維基百科上修改來源條目

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