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中國哲學書電子化計劃 數據維基
-> 太常

太常[查看正文] [修改] [查看歷史]
ctext:288713

關係對象文獻依據
typeoffice
name太常
authority-wikidataQ10941242
link-wikipedia_zh太常
link-wikipedia_enMinistry_of_Ceremonies_(China)
太常,中國古代官名,掌宗廟禮儀。原名奉常漢景帝中元六年(前144)改太常;也有認為西漢初年名為太常,漢惠帝改為奉常,漢景帝時恢復舊稱。新朝王莽改名秩宗東漢再次恢復為太常。

太常的主要職責,一是主管祭祀社稷、宗廟和朝會、喪葬等禮儀。祭祀時充當主祭人皇帝的助手。二是主管皇帝的寢廟園陵及其所在的縣。由太常管理的諸陵縣,被合稱為太常郡。太常每月要巡視諸帝陵墓一次。漢代因太常事重職尊,其位列于諸卿之首。西漢時多以列侯任該職。由于該官涉及宗廟和典禮,在其位者動輒見咎。從漢武帝到西漢末,太常因過錯而削爵免官的達二十餘人。太常之秩為中二千石,有丞,並有太樂、太祝、太宰、太史、太卜、太醫等十幾個屬官。東漢時省去十屬官,任太常的人也不必為列侯,並多以名儒如桓榮、丁鴻等擔任這一職務。另外,兩漢時博士亦屬太常。對博士和博士弟子的考核薦舉,都由太常主持。所以太常又成為培養、拔擢通經學的官吏人才的一個重要機構(見太學)。

魏晉至明、清,歷代太常職掌基本與漢同,改名為太常卿太常寺卿(太常寺的主管長官)。唯屬官博士及太樂、太史、太卜、太醫,則先後分出,轉屬他司。太常遂成專掌祭祀、禮儀之官。

顯示更多...: 唐代太常卿   唐代太常少卿  

以上介紹摘自維基百科;若有錯漏,敬請在維基百科上修改來源條目
The Ministry of Ceremonies (太常寺 Tàicháng sì) was one of the nine ministries of the Chinese Han dynasty. The Minister of Ceremonies (太常 Tàicháng), also known as Grand Master of Ceremonies, was the chief official in charge of religious rites, rituals, prayers, and the maintenance of ancestral temples and altars. The role's title was changed to Upholder of Ceremonies (奉常 Fèngcháng) from 195 to 144 BC before reverting to the original title. Although his main concern was to link the emperor with the supernatural world and Heaven, he was also given the task of setting educational standards for the Imperial University (est. 124 BC) and the academic chairs (博士 bóshì) who specialized in the Five Classics, the canon of Confucianism.

One of the Minister of Ceremonies' many subordinates was the Court Astronomer (太史令 Tàishǐ lìng; also known as the Prefect Grand Astrologer), who made astronomical observations and drafted the annual lunisolar calendar. The Court Astronomer also upheld a literacy test of 9,000 characters for nominees aspiring to become subordinate officials for either the Minister Steward or Palace Assistant Imperial Clerk. These nominees were often recommended subordinates of commandery-level Administrators. Other subordinates of the Minister of Ceremonies reported illegal acts at ancestral temples, prepared sacrificial offerings of food and wine at shrines and temples, and arranged for the music and dancing that accompanied ceremonies.

This would be the precursor to the Ministry of Rites during the Sui and Tang dynasties, and the State Administration for Religious Affairs in present-day China.

以上介紹摘自維基百科;若有錯漏,敬請在維基百科上修改來源條目

文獻資料引用次數
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