生平

仲恭天皇生於建保六年（1218年）十月十日。同年十月二十一日，在後鳥羽上皇與順德天皇父子的謀劃下，加封剛出生的皇子懷成為親王，五日後再封為皇太子。

父親順德天皇為承久之亂作準備，在承久三年（1221年）四月二十日讓位給年僅三歲的懷成親王，是為仲恭天皇。

同年，祖父後鳥羽上皇發起承久之亂向全國發布了討伐幕府執權北條義時的敕令，很快便被北條泰時和北條時房所率領的幕府軍擊敗。後鳥羽上皇、順德上皇被發配到隱岐島及佐渡島（土御門上皇並未參與討幕，本來不是被處分對象，但他卻自願隨父親後鳥羽上皇及弟順德上皇一同受流配之刑。）。

承久三年（1221年）七月九日，仲恭天皇被廢黜，在位僅77日，是日本迄今在位時間最短的天皇。後高倉院之皇子後堀河天皇被擁立。

天福二年（1234年）五月二十日，仲恭天皇以15歲之齡駕崩。

家庭

• 父：順德天皇

• 母：藤原立子

• 妃：右京大夫局

• 女：義子內親王（母右京大夫局）

在位期間年號

• 承久

分類:日本之最

Genealogy

Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (his imina) was .

He was the first son of Emperor Juntoku. His mother was Ritsushi (?) (立子), daughter of Kujō Yoshitsune (九条良経).

• Consort: Ukyonodaibu-no-Tsubone (右京大夫局), Priest』s daughter

　• First Daughter: Imperial Princess Yoshiko (義子内親王) later Wademon』in (和徳門院, 1234 - 1289)

Events of Chūkyōs life

Chūkyō was enthroned at the age of two following the deposition of his father, the Emperor Juntoku in preparation for the Jōkyū Incident, an unsuccessful attempt by Juntoku's father, the Retired Emperor Go-Toba, to overthrow the Kamakura Bakufu.

• 1221 (Jōkyū 3, 20th day of the 4th month): In the 11th year of Juntoku-tennō 's reign (順徳天皇十一年), the emperor abdicated; and the succession (『『senso』』) was received by his eldest son who was only two years old. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Chūkyō is said to have acceded to the throne (『『sokui』』).

That same year, after the Jōkyū Incident, he was dethroned and replaced by his first cousin once removed Emperor Go-Horikawa, the nephew of Emperor Go-Toba.

Because of his dethronement just 2 months after the Jōkyū Incident, his enthronement was not recognized. He was known as the Kujō Dethroned Emperor (Kujō Haitei, 九条廃帝), the Half-Emperor (半帝), and the Later Dethroned Emperor (Go-Haitei, 後廃帝, a reference to Emperor Junnin who was often called Haitei, 廃帝).

In 1870, he was recognized as an Emperor and given the posthumous name of Emperor Chūkyō.

Kugyō

Kugyō (公卿) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras.

In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Chūkyo's reign, this apex of the Daijō-kan included:

• Sesshō, Kujō Michiie, 1193–1252.

• Sadaijin, Kujō Michiie.

• Udaijin

• Nadaijin

• ''Dainagon'

Eras of Chūkyōs reign

The year of Chūkyō's reign is more specifically encompassed within a single era name or nengō.

• Jōkyū (1219–1222)