生平

陈与义于元佑五年庚午六月（1090年）生于洛阳。崇宁三年（1104年）十五岁时游历杭州。翌年，向崔鶠请教作诗的要理。崔鶠说：「天下书虽不可不读，然慎不可有意于用事「。至崇宁五年（1106年）时已在太学就读。当时京城富人姜浩招揽太学生为家庭教师，陈与义尝到他家阅览珍稀的书籍。徽宗政和三年（1113年）甲科进士，授开德府教授。宣和四年（1122年）擢太学博士、著作佐郎。宋室南渡后，避乱于襄汉。高宗建炎四年（1130年），召为兵部员外郎。绍兴元年（1131年）迁中书舍人。绍兴五年（1135年），召为给事中。绍兴六年（1136年），拜翰林学士、知制诰。绍兴七年（1137年），为参知政事。绍兴八年（1138年），以资政殿学士知湖州，因病卒。有《简斋集》三十卷、《无住词》一卷传世。《宋史》卷四四五有传。　

文学创作

陈与义是南北宋之交的著名诗人，也可以说是这一时期重要诗人之一。以靖康之难为界，其创作可分为前后两期。

前期诗风明快清丽，多表现自己的生活情趣。如《和张规臣水墨梅五绝》：「巧画无盐丑不除，此花风韵更清姝。从教变白能为黑，桃李依然是仆奴。」称赏梅花清淑高洁，以俗艳的桃李为反衬，表现反尘俗厌污浊的超拔诗情。其馀如「微波喜摇人，小立待其定」（《夏日集葆真池上》），「朝来庭树有鸣禽，红绿扶春上远林。忽有好诗生眼底，安排句法已难寻」（《春日二首》），这些代表前期诗风的流连光景之作，令同时代的诗人为之倾倒。

靖康之难发生后，对经历过「安史之乱」的杜甫产生了共鸣，从而对之推崇爱重，诗风也一变而为沉郁。陈与义逃难途中曾称「但恨平生意，轻了少陵诗」（《避虏入南山》），可以看出他对杜甫态度的转变。其后期诗作如《伤春》：「庙堂无策可平戎，坐使甘泉照夕峰。初怪上都闻战马，岂知穷海看飞龙。孤臣霜发三千丈，每岁烟花一万重。稍喜长沙向延阁，疲兵敢犯犬羊锋。」谴责朝廷大臣懦弱误国，对坚决抗金的人士予以歌颂，雄浑沉郁，融裁贴切，历来被公认为学杜甫诗最切之作。是以四库馆臣称其「汴京板荡以后，感时抚事，慷慨激越，寄迹遥深，乃往往突过古人」，对他后期的创作给予了相当高的评价。

注释

Biography

Chen was born in Luoyang, Henan in 1090 to an official family, with his ancestral home in Jingzhao (today's Xi'an). After he acquired his jinshi in the Imperial examination in 1113, he was assigned to the central government. He retired in 1116. Two years later he returned to the operating post. In 1120, Chen was in mourning at home after his mother died. Two years later, he became an official in the central government under the recommendation of Ge Shengzhong (葛胜仲).

In 1127, the Jin army seized Bianjing (today's Kaifeng, Henan), the Song army was routed. After the perdition of the Northern Song dynasty, Emperor Gaozong fled to Shaoxing and established the Southern Song dynasty. Chen fled with his family, moving from Hubei, to Hunan, and then Guangdong, and ending up in Fujian. In 1131, he came to Lin'an, capital of Southern Song dynasty. He was appointed as an official in the newly founded central government. He died in 1138, aged 49.

His biography was included in the History of Song.