陈第（1541年4月10日 - 1617年），字季立，号一斋，福建连江人，明朝儒生、音韵学家、藏书家。其贡献在音韵学上最为重要，指出字音会随著时地差异，纠正自宋朝朱熹以来错误的叶音观念。曾随名将沈有容至台湾，著有《东番记》一书，被视为研究台湾原住民的重要文献之一。

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Chen Di / Chʻen Ti (陈第|w=Chʻên2 Ti4 Chén Dì) (1541–1617), courtesy name: Jili (季立), was a Chinese philologist, strategist, and traveler of the Ming dynasty. A native of Lianjiang County, Fuzhou, Fujian, China, he was versed in both pen and sword. As a strategist, he served under Qi Jiguang and others for many years before retiring to occupy himself with studies and travel. He wrote an account of an expedition to Taiwan in his 1603 Dōng Fān Jì (东番记), providing one of the first descriptions of the island and its indigenous inhabitants.

As a philologist, Chen was the first to demonstrate that Old Chinese has its own phonological system, rejecting the then prevailing practice of xiéyīn (谐音) (i.e. changing the usual reading of a character in a Shi Jing poem in order to suit the rhyme). Encouraged by his senior Jiao Hong (焦竑) (1540–1620), he wrote Máoshī Gǔyīn Kǎo (毛诗古音考) and Qūsòng Gǔyīnyì (屈宋古音义), in which he shows the ancient pronunciations (by homophones) of 650 characters. The results are based on painstaking analysis of the rhyming schemes in Shi Jing and other ancient rhymed texts, including I Ching and the poems of Qu Yuan. In his preface to the former work, Chen writes famously: "There is the past and the present; there is the north and the south. It is only inevitable that characters evolve, and sounds change." (盖时有古今，地有南北；字有更革，音有转移，亦势所必至。)