在Facebook上關注我們,隨時得到最新消息 在Twitter上關注我們,隨時得到最新消息 在新浪微博上關注我們,隨時得到最新消息 在豆瓣上關注我們,隨時得到最新消息
中國哲學書電子化計劃 數據維基
-> 圓明園

圓明園[查看正文] [修改] [查看歷史]
ctext:484511

關係對象文獻依據
typeplace
name圓明園
authority-wikidataQ907894
link-wikipedia_zh圆明园
link-wikipedia_enOld_Summer_Palace
location116.2994454,40.0070425
圓明園是建於清朝的大型皇家園林,供清帝盛夏避暑、聽政,處理軍政事務,位于現今中華人民共和國北京市海澱區。由圓明園及其附園長春園、綺春園(後改稱萬春園)、熙春園和春熙院組成,而較大的三園通稱為「圓明三園」占地面積3.5平方千米,建築面積達16萬平方米,約合5,200畝一百五十餘景,有「萬園之園」之稱。

圓明園規模宏偉,運用了各式園林風格及造園技巧,其詩畫意境被大多數中國園林學家認為是中國園林藝術的頂峰作品,是中國古典園林平地造園、堆山理水集大成的典範。清朝時一些外國傳教士參觀圓明園後將其稱作「萬園之園」。

1860年,圓明園在英法聯軍之役中被洗劫破壞後放火焚毀,文化大革命期間再次遭到破壞,歷經戰亂劫掠,現時僅存遺址。在中華人民共和國政府成立圓明圓管理處後開始實施保護與利用。於1979年將其列入為文物保護單位,於1988年,圓明園遺址被中華人民共和國國務院公布為第三批全國重點文物保護單位之一。圓明園遺址中部和東部成立了圓明園遺址公園。2008年7月29日,圓明園管理局宣布,開放九州景區。

圓明園在清室150餘年的創建和經營下,曾以其宏大的地域規模、傑出的營造技藝、精美的建築景群、豐富的文化收藏和博大精深的民族文化內涵而享譽于世,被譽為「一切造園藝術的典範」,被法國作家維克多·雨果稱譽為「理想與藝術的典範」。道光朝時,國事日衰,財力不足,但寧撤萬壽、香山、玉泉「三山」的陳設,罷熱河避暑與木蘭圍獵,仍不放棄圓明三園的改建和裝飾。1860年英法聯軍洗劫圓明園,文物被劫掠,同治帝時欲修複圓明園,後因財政困難,被迫停止,改建其他建築。八國聯軍之後,又遭到官僚、軍閥巧取豪奪的毀滅打擊,終變成一片廢墟。

顯示更多...: 歷史   營建   英法聯軍之役的破壞   清末與民國時期的破壞   共和國建國初期的破壞   當代的保護與修葺   園林特色   園林布局   圓明園   總體布局   圓明園四十景   長春園   總體布局   綺春園   總體布局   圓明園附屬園林   現存遺蹟   十二生肖獸首銅像   仿造   流行文化   對聯   影視作品  

以上介紹摘自維基百科;若有錯漏,敬請在維基百科上修改來源條目
The Old Summer Palace, known in Chinese as Yuanming Yuan (圓明園 Yuánmíng Yuán, literally Gardens of Perfect Brightness), originally called the Imperial Gardens (御園 Yù Yuán), and sometimes called the Winter Palace, was a complex of palaces and gardens in present-day Haidian District, Beijing, China. It is northwest of the walls of the former Imperial City section of Beijing. Widely perceived as the pinnacle work of Chinese imperial garden and palace design, the Old Summer Palace was known for its extensive collection of gardens, its building architecture and numerous art and historical treasures. Constructed throughout the 18th and early 19th centuries, the Old Summer Palace was the main imperial residence of Qianlong Emperor of the Qing dynasty and his successors, and where they handled state affairs; the Forbidden City was used for formal ceremonies. It was reputed as the "Garden of Gardens" (萬園之園 wàn yuán zhī yuán) in its heyday.

In 1860, during the Second Opium War, as the Anglo-French expedition force steadily approached Beijing, two British envoys, a journalist for The Times and a small escort of British and Indian troopers were sent to meet Prince Yi under a flag of truce to negotiate a Qing surrender. Meanwhile, the French and British troops reached the palace. As news emerged that the negotiation delegation had been imprisoned and tortured, resulting in 20 deaths, the British High Commissioner to China, James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin, retaliated by ordering the complete destruction of the palace, which was then carried out by British troops. The palace was so large – covering more than – that it took 4,000 men 3 days of burning to destroy it. Many exquisite artworks – sculptures, porcelain, jade, silk robes, elaborate textiles, gold objects and more – were looted and are now found in 47 museums around the world, according to UNESCO.

顯示更多...: Overview   Location   Western mansions   History   Destruction   Aftermath   Recent developments and plans   Gallery  

以上介紹摘自維基百科;若有錯漏,敬請在維基百科上修改來源條目

主題關係
正大光明殿part-of

文獻資料引用次數
清史稿25
曾文正公年譜1
御製詩初集4
清史紀事本末1
URI: https://data.ctext.org/entity/484511 [RDF]

喜歡我們的網站請支持我們的發展網站的設計與内容(c)版權2006-2024如果您想引用本網站上的内容,請同時加上至本站的鏈接:https://ctext.org/zh。請注意:嚴禁使用自動下載軟体下載本網站的大量網頁,違者自動封鎖,不另行通知。沪ICP备09015720号-3若有任何意見或建議,請在此提出