生平

《元史》记载，元宁宗于泰定三年三月二十九癸酉日（1326年5月1日）生于北方草原。

至顺三年八月十二日（1332年9月2日），元文宗崩。据杂史，元文宗在死前下诏让元明宗之子继承皇位。文宗死后，把持朝政的燕铁木儿为了继续专权，就请求元文宗皇后卜答失里立她的儿子古纳答剌为帝。卜答失里为了执行丈夫的遗诏，予以拒绝。由于当时元明宗的长子妥欢贴睦尔（后来的元惠宗）远在广西静江（今广西桂林），而次子懿璘质班却深得文宗宠爱，受封为鄜王，留在文宗身边。

至顺三年十月初四（1332年10月23日），卜答失里皇后遂奉文宗遗诏拥立年仅7岁的懿璘质班在大都大明殿登上皇位，是为元宁宗。因为皇帝年幼，卜答失里皇后临朝称制，成了元朝的实际统治者。

懿璘质班即位后未改元，年号仍旧是「至顺」，至顺三年十一月二十六日（1332年12月14日），元宁宗在大都病逝，年仅7岁，在位仅53天。

至元三年正月十日（1337年2月10日），元惠宗为懿璘质班上谥号冲圣嗣孝皇帝、庙号宁宗。

家庭

妻妾

• 答里也忒迷失皇后，弘吉剌氏，1368年去世，元宁宗的哥哥元惠宗将她升祔宁宗庙。

无子女

相关史料

• 《至正条格》，1346年元惠宗颁布的元朝第三部法律，现存残本收录1260年—1344年元朝官方颁布的关于法律方面的圣旨条画、律令格例以及司法部门所判案例的汇编，史实多为《元史》所不载。

• 《元史·宁宗本纪》 ，明朝官修正史

• 《新元史·宁宗本纪》 ，民国官修正史

• 《续资治通鉴》 ，清朝史学家毕沅撰写。

• 《元史类编》，清朝史学家邵远平撰写。

• 《元史新编》，清朝史学家魏源撰写。

• 《元书》，清朝史学家曾廉撰写。

• 《蒙兀儿史记》，清末民初史学家屠寄撰写。

评价

后世史家大多认为元宁宗在位时日及寿命皆短促，未曾作实际统治，并批评当时的大臣为他加上庙号是违反礼制及不学无术。

• 清朝史学家魏源《元史新编》的评价是：「乌乎!《春秋》未逾年之君称子，故子般不与闵公并立庙谥。宁宗以负扆匝月之殇，而入庙称宗，立后媲谥，无一人引大谊以匡正之，斯元代礼臣博士之陋也。修史者又踵其失而立《本纪》，斯又明臣之陋也。今以附诸《文宗本纪》之末。」

• 清朝史学家曾廉《元书》的评价是：「论曰：文宗杀明宗皇后，播告天下，言妥欢帖睦尔非明宗子，既出之于静江，乃立皇子阿剌忒答剌为皇太子，公私之情见矣。皇天弗佑，元良夭丧，及大惭，而爱其少子之弱，非妥欢帖睦尔不能延其祚，而不可为之辞矣。则亦曰立明宗子，一似以明其固让之初志也者。任后人之拥戴，犹武宗之孙也。惟宁宗亦弗永年而大位卒，归于向所猜忌之兄子，天也！人岂有为哉！」

• 清末民初史学家屠寄《蒙兀儿史记》的评价是：「鄜王之立，不再月而殇。既未逾年改元，又未有所建设，顾乃追尊上谥，立庙称宗，甚乖《春秋》鲁般书子卒之义。蒙兀君臣瞢不知经，诚无足责，而明初修胜国之史，仍立之本纪，不加裁正，宜乎魏源讥其陋也。退附《文宗本纪》，自邵远平始。」

• 民国官修正史《新元史》柯劭忞的评价是：「《春秋》之义，未逾年之君称子。宁宗即位匝月而殇，乃入庙称宗；其廷臣不学如此，岂非失礼之大者哉。」

Biography

He was the second son of Kuśala (Emperor Mingzong) and a younger brother of Toghun Temür (Emperor Huizong). His mother was Babusha of the Naiman tribe, who met Kusala when he lived in exile in Central Asia under the Chagatai Khanate.

When his father Kuśala died and was succeeded by his younger brother Tugh Temür (who is thought to have poisoned Kuśala), Rinchinbal was appointed to Prince of Fu. Tugh Temur made his son Aratnadara heir apparent in January 1331. In order to secure her son's throne, Tugh Temur's Khatun Budashiri executed Rinchinbal's mother, Babusha, and exiled Toghan Temur to Korea. These proved unnecessary, however, Aratnadara died one month after his designation as heir.

Although Tugh Temür had a son named El Tegüs when he died in 1332, it is said that on his deathbed the Khagan expressed remorse for what he had done to his elder brother and his intention to pass the throne to Toghan Temur, Kusala's eldest son, instead of his own son. The grand councilor El Temür resisted letting Kuśala's eldest son Toghun Temür accede to the throne since he was suspected of having poisoned his father Kuśala. When Tugh Temur's widow and El Tegüs's mother Budashiri Khatun respected Tugh Temür's will of making Kuśala's son succeed the throne, the 6 year old Rinchinbal was chosen. While Toghun Temür was kept far away from the capital Dadu, Rinchinbal was in Dadu and had become favored by Tugh Temür. Rinchinbal was enthroned as the new emperor on October 23, 1332, but he died on December 14.

El Temür again asked Budashiri to install El Tegüs but it was declined again. He had no choice but to invite Toghun Temür back from far-away Guangxi in southwest China.

Ancestry