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中国哲学书电子化计划 数据维基
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typedynasty
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authority-wikidataQ7405
link-wikipedia_zh隋朝
link-wikipedia_enSui_dynasty
隋朝(581年-619年)是中国历史之中,上承南北朝、下启唐朝的一个重要的朝代,史学家常把它和唐朝合称隋唐。581年隋文帝杨坚受禅建立隋朝,至619年王世充废隋恭帝杨侗为止,国祚共39年。杨坚属于北周的胡汉关陇世家,于北周宣帝继位后逐渐掌握周廷。幼年的北周静帝即位后,身为皇太后之父的杨坚控制朝政,先后平定尉迟迥司马消难等反杨叛军。581年北周静帝禅让给杨坚,北周亡,杨坚定国号为「隋」。依据五行相生的顺序,北周的「木」德之后为「火」德,因此隋朝以火为德运并选取与火德对应的红色为正色。隋文帝于587年废除后梁,于589年隋灭陈之战攻灭陈朝,俘虏陈后主。隔年9月,控制岭南地区的冼夫人归附隋朝。至此,天下一统,隋朝结束了中国自魏晋南北朝以来的分裂局面,重新建立大一统的国家。

隋文帝总结历朝兴亡的原因,维护与农民的关系,调和统治集团内部的关系。这些措施使社会矛盾趋于缓和,经济、文化得以迅速成长并呈现繁华景象,开创出开皇之治。然而隋文帝晚年刚愎自用,提倡严苛重刑,因猜忌而大杀功臣,国力开始衰退。隋文帝的次子杨广争夺长子杨勇的太子位获胜。604年隋文帝去世,杨广继位,即隋炀帝。隋炀帝为了巩固隋朝发展,兴建许多大型建设,又东征西讨,隋朝发展到极盛。然而隋炀帝好大喜功,忽视民众感受,严重耗费隋朝国力,其中又以三次东征高句丽为最甚,最后引发隋末民变。616年隋炀帝离开东都,前往江都(即今江苏扬州)。618年宇文化及等人发动兵变,杀死隋炀帝;隋恭帝杨侑禅让李渊,李渊正式称帝,建立唐朝;隔年,王世充拥立的隋恭帝杨侗也被废,隋朝亡。隋末群雄割据的局面,最终也为唐朝所终结。

在政治制度方面,隋朝确立了影响后世深远的三省六部制,以巩固中央集权制度;制定出完整的科举制度,以选拔优秀人才,弱化世族垄断仕官的能力。另外还建立政事堂议事制度、监察制度、考绩制度,这些都强化了政府机制,深刻影响到唐朝与后世的政治制度。在军事上,继续推行和改革府兵制;经济上,一方面实行均田制和租庸调制减轻农民生产压力,另一方面采取大索貌阅和输籍制等清差户口措施,以增加财政收入。这些政策成就了隋初的开皇之治。

为了巩固隋朝发展,隋文帝隋炀帝还兴建了隋唐大运河、隋长城、驰道以及大兴城与东都洛阳。这些都提升了位于关中的隋廷对北方地区、关东地区与江南地区的掌控力,使隋朝各地的经济、文化与人民能顺利交流,还诞生出经济重镇江都(今扬州)。外交方面,隋朝的盛世也使得当时周边国家和境内的少数民族如高昌、倭国、高句丽新罗百济与内属的东突厥等国都受隋朝文化与典章制度的影响,外交交流以日本的遣隋使最为著名。

隋朝结束自魏晋南北朝以来的分裂局面,奠定日后大唐盛世的基础,对中国历史的意义重大。隋朝对于外族文化的接受度高,并与汉文化融合,与唐朝合为在中国历史上比较开放的朝代。

显示更多...: 国号   历史   崛起与大一统   开皇之治   盈满之国   隋末民变   疆域及行政区划   政治制度   对外关系   军事制度   人口   经济   农业   手工业   商业   建设   大运河   大兴城   东京城   隋长城   文化   学术思想   文学、史学与音韵学   宗教   艺术   科技   君主年表   隋末地方割据势力   相关条目   注释  

以上介绍摘自维基百科;若有错漏,敬请在维基百科上修改来源条目
The Sui dynasty (, 隋朝 Suí cháo) was a short-lived imperial dynasty of China of pivotal significance. The Sui unified the Northern and Southern dynasties and reinstalled the rule of ethnic Han in the entirety of China proper, along with sinicization of former nomadic ethnic minorities (Five Barbarians) within its territory. It was succeeded by the Tang dynasty, which largely inherited its foundation.

Founded by Emperor Wen of Sui, the Sui dynasty capital was Chang'an (which was renamed Daxing, modern Xi'an, Shaanxi) from 581–605 and later Luoyang (605–618). Emperors Wen and his successor Yang undertook various centralized reforms, most notably the equal-field system, intended to reduce economic inequality and improve agricultural productivity; the institution of the Five Departments and Six Board (五省六曹 or 五省六部) system, which is a predecessor of Three Departments and Six Ministries system; and the standardization and re-unification of the coinage. They also spread and encouraged Buddhism throughout the empire. By the middle of the dynasty, the newly unified empire entered a golden age of prosperity with vast agricultural surplus that supported rapid population growth.

A lasting legacy of the Sui dynasty was the Grand Canal. With the eastern capital Luoyang at the center of the network, it linked the west-lying capital Chang'an to the economic and agricultural centers of the east towards Jiangdu (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu) and Yuhang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang), and to the northern border near modern Beijing. While the pressing initial motives were for shipment of grains to the capital, transporting troops, and military logistics, the reliable inland shipment links would facilitate domestic trade, flow of people and cultural exchange for centuries. Along with the extension of the Great Wall, and the construction of the eastern capital city of Luoyang, these mega projects, led by an efficient centralized bureaucracy, would amass millions of conscripted workers from the large population base, at heavy cost of human lives.

After a series of costly and disastrous military campaigns against Goguryeo, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, ended in defeat by 614, the dynasty disintegrated under a series of popular revolts culminating in the assassination of Emperor Yang by his minister, Yuwen Huaji in 618. The dynasty, which lasted only thirty-seven years, was undermined by ambitious wars and construction projects, which overstretched its resources. Particularly, under Emperor Yang, heavy taxation and compulsory labor duties would eventually induce widespread revolts and brief civil war following the fall of the dynasty.

The dynasty is often compared to the earlier Qin dynasty for unifying China after prolonged division. Wide-ranging reforms and construction projects were undertaken to consolidate the newly unified state, with long-lasting influences beyond their short dynastic reigns.

显示更多...: History   Emperor Wen and the founding of Sui   Emperor Yang and the reconquest of Vietnam   Goguryeo-Sui wars   Fall of the Sui Dynasty   Culture   Buddhism   Confucianism   Poetry   Rulers   Family tree of the Sui emperors  

以上介绍摘自维基百科;若有错漏,敬请在维基百科上修改来源条目

主題關係from-dateto-date
颜之推associated-dynasty
隋文帝ruled581/3/4开皇元年二月甲子604/8/13仁寿四年七月丁未
隋炀帝ruled604/8/14仁寿四年七月戊申617/12/17大业十三年十一月辛酉
隋恭帝ruled617/12/18义宁元年十一月壬戌618/6/12义宁二年五月戊午
北史work-subject
隋书work-subject

文献资料引用次数
旧唐书1
四库全书总目提要2
南史1
通典1
四库全书简明目录1
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