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竇抗[查看正文] [修改] [查看歷史]ctext:668601
關係 | 對象 | 文獻依據 |
---|---|---|
type | person | |
name | 竇抗 | |
born | 550 | |
died | 621 | |
authority-cbdb | 31779 | |
authority-wikidata | Q1079679 | |
link-wikipedia_zh | 窦抗 | |
link-wikipedia_en | Dou_Kang |
顯示更多...: 生平 住所 其他 家庭 兄弟姐妹 夫人 子女 世系關係
生平
竇抗是太穆皇后的堂兄,隋朝洛州總管、陳國公竇榮定的兒子,母親是隋文帝的姐姐成安公主。竇抗儀容美麗,性格曠達坦率,擅長精巧的構思,在隋朝時因為是皇帝的外甥很受隋文帝的寵愛,小時候進入太學,大略的學習了一些圖書史籍,以千牛備身、儀同三司為起家官。竇榮定臥病在床時,竇抗親自侍奉父親,五十多天衣不解帶。開皇六年(586年),竇榮定去世,竇抗為父親守喪,哀傷過度超過禮法。後來竇抗繼承了陳國公的爵位,屢次升任梁州刺史。準備上任時,隋文帝來到竇抗家中,命令竇抗和成安公主盡情宴飲,像平常家人宴席一樣,給予竇抗的賞賜非常豐厚,賜給的錢財金寶數以萬計。成安公主去世時,竇抗哭的死去活來很多次,隋文帝派宮人到他家中,勸他節制悲哀哭泣。一年多以後,竇抗起複出任岐州刺史,升任冀州刺史,又轉任定州刺史,出任遼東道行軍總管,改任朔州道行軍總管,又出任持節、幽易燕檀四州諸軍事、幽州總管、幽州刺史,所到之處都因為政令寬厚仁惠而聞名。仁壽四年(604年)八月,漢王楊諒起兵作亂,隋煬帝擔心竇抗生變,派遣李子雄前往替換竇抗,李子雄迅速抵達幽州,在傳舍停下,招募得到一千多人,竇抗仗著自己素來尊貴,沒有按時與李子雄相見。李子雄派遣人告知竇抗,過了兩天,竇抗率領兩千鐵騎來拜謁李子雄的住所,李子雄準備伏兵,和竇抗相見,趁勢捉拿了竇抗。李子雄報告竇抗收到楊諒的信卻不上奏,朝廷派人審查楊諒送信的事沒有得到驗証,就以竇抗有二心除去他的名籍,以竇抗的弟弟竇慶襲封陳國公。
竇抗與李淵從小就親近,大業九年(613年),楊玄感起兵叛亂,李淵當時在隴右地區統領軍隊,竇抗對李淵說:「楊玄感按捺不住已經發動了!李氏姓名在天命圖讖符錄,可以乘現在這個便利的時機,這是上天啟發你的。」李淵回答:「不要招來禍患,胡說些什麼。」大業末年,隋煬帝派遣竇抗從靈武郡沿著長城偵查並防範賊寇,竇抗聽說李淵平定京城,對眾人高興的說:「這是我們家的妹夫,豁達有大度,真是撥亂反正的人主。」義寧二年三月癸酉(618年4月28日),竇抗獻靈武郡、鹽川郡等幾個郡歸降,竇抗就回到長安。李淵見到竇抗很高興,握著竇抗的手讓座說:「李氏終于能成就大事,怎麼樣?」然後置酒作樂。竇抗出任弘化道安撫大使,升任光祿大夫,不久出任將作大匠。武德元年六月辛丑(618年7月25日),竇抗以將作大匠兼任納言。唐高祖臨朝聽政,有時讓竇抗升坐御座,退朝以後,將竇抗請進臥室,讓他放棄禮節,縱酒談笑,談及生平的情誼。竇抗經常侍奉宴會超過時限,有時就在宮中留宿。唐高祖常常稱呼竇抗為兄而不稱名字,宮中都稱呼竇抗為舅。竇抗經常陪同唐高祖遊玩宴飲,不理朝廷事務。武德元年(618年)十月,竇抗罷納言,改任左武候大將軍,兼領左右千牛備身大將軍,又兼領同州刺史。不久竇抗跟隨李世民平定薛舉,功居第一。武德四年(621年),竇抗又跟隨李世民征討王世充,三月,竇建德出兵援助王世充,五月己未(621年5月28日),唐軍和夏軍展開虎牢之戰,竇建德在汜河列陣,李世民派遣宇文士及進攻,竇建德派遣部隊交戰,竇抗帶兵攻打竇建德,交戰後唐軍形勢稍不利。等到東都平定,在太廟中記功的有九人,竇抗和堂弟竇軌都在其中,朝廷認為非常光榮,賜給竇抗女樂一部、金寶數以萬計。武德四年(621年),竇抗陪伴宴會時突然死去,朝廷贈予司空,謚號博,後改謚號為容。當時竇抗堂兄弟和子侄中三品官七人,四品、五品十多人,三人娶公主,家中女子嫁為王妃的有數人,顯貴的豪門地位,當朝無人可比。
住所
竇抗的住所位于長安城的延康坊,開皇十年時竇抗舍宅立為靜法寺,寺西有木浮圈,是竇抗弟弟竇璡為母親成安公主修建,重疊綺麗,高一百五十尺,都是砍伐竇抗園中梨樹取的木材,竇抗的園本是西魏大統寺,周武帝滅廢佛時賜給竇抗為住宅。
其他
竇抗在冀州擔任刺史時曾經廣泛召集儒生,讓他們互相詰問辯駁,當時大儒劉焯、劉軌思、孔穎達都在坐,蓋文達也參加了。蓋文達的辯論之辭都出乎儒生們的意外,竇抗非常驚奇,詢問說:「蓋生是向誰學習的?」劉焯回答說:「這個儒生自幼聰慧,完全出自天然,如果以多問寡,那麼我就是他的老師。」竇抗說:「可以說是冰生于水而寒于水。」
家庭
兄弟姐妹
• 竇慶,隋朝上柱國、南郡太守、陳國公
• 竇憲,隋朝安康郡公
• 竇璡,唐朝右光祿大夫、將作大匠、鄧安公
• 竇氏,嫁隋朝大將軍、鄭瀛二洲刺史、朔夏二州總管、秦川郡開國公李繪
夫人
• 河南宇文氏,北周侍中、驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、京兆尹、豐利成公宇文貞之女
• 豆盧氏,隋朝大將軍、洪州總管、南陳安公豆盧通之女,芮國公豆盧寬姐姐
子女
• 竇衍,唐朝左武衛將軍、陳密公
• 竇靜,次子,唐朝民部尚書、信都肅男
• 竇誕,第三子,唐朝光祿大夫、莘安公
• 竇師幹,唐朝率更令、上開府
• 竇師綸,唐朝秦府諮議、太府少卿、銀邛坊三州刺史、上柱國、陵陽郡開國公
• 竇師武,唐朝游擊將軍、右衛郎將
• 竇師仁
• 竇皦,唐朝朝請大夫、秦府左親衛別將、左驍衛中郎將、東宮左內率、銀青光祿大夫、右光祿大夫、平陵縣開國公
世系關係
顯示更多...: Background During the Sui dynasty During the Tang dynasty
Background
It is not known when Dou Kang was born. His father was Dou Rongding (竇榮定), who carried the Sui title of Duke of Chen. His mother was the Princess Ancheng, sister to Sui Dynasty's founder Emperor Wen. As the emperor's nephew, Dou Kang was treated well by Emperor Wen, and was a student at the imperial university in his youth. He also became a guard for Emperor Wen.
During the Sui dynasty
After Dou Rongding died in 586, Dou Kang inherited the title of Duke of Chen. He was then made the governor of Liang Province (梁州, roughly modern Hanzhong, Shaanxi). Before his departing the capital Chang'an to report to Liang Province, Emperor Wen personally visited Dou Kang and Princess Ancheng. Later, when Princess Ancheng died, Dou Kang was said to be in much distress in mourning that he fainted several times, and Emperor Wen sent his servants to comfort Dou Kang. Thereafter, Emperor Wen recalled him to governmental service as the governor of Qi Province (岐州, roughly modern Baoji, Shaanxi), and then as the commandant at Youzhou (modern Beijing, Tianjin and northern Hebei). Dou developed a reputation for being generous and merciful, during these terms of service.
In 604, Emperor Wen died—a death that traditional historians generally believe to be a murder ordered by his son and crown prince Yang Guang, although they admitted a lack of direct evidence. Yang Guang took the throne as Emperor Yang. Immediately thereafter, another son of Emperor Wen, Yang Liang the Prince of Han, rebelled against Emperor Yang at Bing Province (并州, roughly modern Taiyuan, Shanxi). Emperor Yang, for reasons not stated in historical accounts, suspected Dou of collaborating with Yang Liang and sent the general Li Zixiong (李子雄) rushing to You Province to arrest Dou and replace him. Li subsequently alleged that Dou had received letters from Yang Liang urging him to join the rebellion but had not reported them to Emperor Yang. However, after an investigation, Emperor Yang concluded that there was a lack of evidence that Dou collaborated with Yang Liang, but nevertheless removed him from governmental service and further stripped him of the title of Duke of Chen, bestowing that title on his younger brother Dou Qing (竇慶) instead.
Dou Kang was friendly with another general, Li Yuan the Duke of Tang, the husband of a cousin of his. During the rebellion of the general Yang Xuangan in 613, when Li Yuan was commissioned with an army, it was said that Dou told Li,
:Is it not that Yang Xuangan is providing you with an opportunity? The prophecies refer to the Li clan as the originator of the next emperor, and you can use this opportunity. This is a divine revelation.
Li responded, "I will not be the start of a rebellion. Why do you speak in such daring terms?" Nevertheless, he kept Dou's suggestion in mind.
Toward the end of Emperor Yang's reign, Dou was commissioned with an army at Lingwu to secure the northern border. After Li Yuan rebelled against Emperor Yang in 617 and subsequently captured Chang'an, declaring Emperor Yang's grandson Yang You the Prince of Dai emperor (as Emperor Gong), Dou submitted to him in spring 618, along with the several commanderies he controlled in the region.
During the Tang dynasty
Soon thereafter, Emperor Yang was killed in a coup at Jiangdu (江都, in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu) led by the general Yuwen Huaji. When the news reached Chang'an, Li Yuan had Yang You yield the throne to him, establishing Tang Dynasty as its Emperor Gaozu. Dou Kang, who was then the minister of engineering, was given the additional title of Nayan (納言), the head of the examination bureau of the government and a post considered to be one for a chancellor. He often attended Emperor Gaozu in the palace. Emperor Gaozu referred to him as "brother," and within the palace, he was referred to as "uncle."
In winter 618, Dou Kang was no longer Nayan, and was made a general. He soon assisted Emperor Gaozu's son Li Shimin the Prince of Qin in defeating a major enemy, Xue Rengao the Emperor of Qin. In 621, he also assisted Li Shimin in attacking Wang Shichong the Emperor of Zheng, and after Wang surrendered, nine officials were particularly honored at the imperial ancestors' temple, among them were Dou Kang and his cousin Dou Gui (竇軌); he was also given much material rewards. Later that year, during an imperial feast, Dou Kang died suddenly.
文獻資料 | 引用次數 |
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新唐書 | 2 |
萬姓統譜 | 2 |
大清一統志 | 2 |
資治通鑑 | 2 |
名賢氏族言行類稿 | 2 |
冊府元龜 | 2 |
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