曹彬（931年 - 999年），字
國華，
北宋初名將，真定府靈壽（今河北省石家莊市靈壽縣）人，在北宋滅亡
南唐的戰爭中擔任主要將領。
顯示更多...: 生平 注釋 參考書目
生平
曹彬是後周太祖郭威張貴妃的外甥，張同芝外孫。後周顯德三年（956年），改潼關監軍，遷西上閣門使。五年（958年），奉詔出使吳越，奉詔賜吳越國王鎧甲、弓弩、槍劍，及中吳軍節度使錢文奉國信。六年（959年），判四方館事，出為晉州兵馬都監，轉引進使；嚴于治軍，尤重軍紀。宋太祖建隆二年（961年），轉客省使，與王全斌、郭進領步騎萬餘人攻樂平縣，降北漢將王超、侯霸榮等一千八百人，獲千餘人。太祖乾德初，改左神武將軍，充內省客使。乾德二年（964年）率軍滅後蜀，以不濫殺著稱，王仁贍曰：「清謙畏謹，不負陛下任使者，惟曹彬一人耳。」升宣徽南院使、義成軍節度使。六年，遣李繼勛、党進率師征太原，命為前軍都監，戰洞渦河，斬二千餘級，俘獲甚眾。開寶二年，議親征太原，複命為前軍都監，率兵先往，次團柏谷，降賊將陳廷山。又戰城南，薄于濠橋，奪馬千餘。及太祖至，則已分砦四面，而自主其北。六年，進檢校太傅。
開寶七年（974年）率水陸軍10萬攻滅南唐，次年克金陵，又決策伐北漢和攻遼，以功擢樞密使、檢校太尉、忠武軍節度使。及宋太宗即位(976年)，加同中書門下平章事。太平興國三年，進檢校太師，從征太原，加兼侍中。八年正月，因遭鎮州駐泊都監、酒坊使彌德超誣陷，罷樞密使，為天平軍節度使兼侍中，六月王顯任樞密使。。但十多天後，太宗就醒悟過來，進封曹彬為魯國公。雍熙三年（986年），宋分兵三路攻契丹，他為東路軍主將，因孤軍冒進、兵疲糧乏撤軍，至岐溝關（今涿州西南）被契丹軍擊敗，致宋軍全線潰退，降右驍衛上將軍（環衛官，從二品）。四年複起為侍中、武寧軍節度使（使相：節度使兼侍中），淳化五年，徙平盧軍節度使。真宗即位後複為檢校太師、同中書門下平章事。數月，召拜樞密使。咸平二年六月卒，年六十九，贈中書令，追封濟陽郡王，諡武惠；且贈其妻高氏為韓國夫人；官其親族、門客、親校十餘人。八月，詔彬與趙普配饗太祖廟庭。
曹彬先後被追封為濟陽郡王（真宗朝）、魯王（真宗朝）、冀王（仁宗朝）、唐王（神宗朝）、周王(高宗朝)。
他的女兒為宋真宗的曹賢妃，孫女即是宋仁宗的曹皇后，被譽為聖后。外曾孫女高太后，即宋英宗皇后。曹皇后有一兄弟曹佾，即八仙中的曹國舅原型。相傳曹彬還有一個後代成了女神仙，便是道家《靈源大道歌》的作者曹文逸真人。
注釋
參考書目
• 《續資治通鑑》卷第五
•
以上介紹摘自維基百科；若有錯漏，敬請在維基百科上修改
來源條目。
Cao Bin (曹彬) (931 - 999) was a military general in imperial China. A nephew-in-law of
Guo Wei, who founded the
Later Zhou in 951, Cao first rose up through the ranks of the Later Zhou military. After the
Song Dynasty replaced Later Zhou in 960, Cao participated in the conquest of the
Later Shu state in 965, where he distinguished himself from the other generals for disciplining his troops from pillaging the area, and was promoted as a result. In 974, he was named the overall commander to invade the
Southern Tang state, which he successfully conquered in 976, again taking careful measures to prevent unnecessary killing. However, in one last campaign in 986 against the northern
Liao Dynasty, he suffered a crushing defeat at the hands of
Yelü Xiuge.
顯示更多...: Early life Career under Later Zhou Notes and references Sources
Early life
Cao Bin's father Cao Yun (曹芸) was a military commander of Chengde Commandery (成德軍; centered in modern Zhengding County, Hebei) under the Later Han. Before the age of 20, Cao Bin served under his father as a minor general, and Wu Xingde (武行德), the military governor of Chengde Commandery, was reportedly very impressed by him. At that time his maternal aunt Lady Zhang was married to Guo Wei, another military governor. In 950, she was killed by Later Han emperor Liu Chengyou as Guo rebelled. Guo eventually overthrew Later Han to found the Later Zhou.
Career under Later Zhou
He was known for instilling discipline in his army, and for his disregard for anything material. Once, a messenger refused to believe he was the general, saying "how could the emperor's relative dress in modest clothing and sleep on a commoner's bed?" In 958, he was sent to Wuyue Kingdom as a convoy and adamantly refused all bribes from Wuyue.
After Later Zhou was overthrown by the Song Dynasty, Cao Bin was part of Song's conquest of Later Shu. After victories, some of the Song generals suggested massacre to show Song's power but Cao Bin prevented it. When the other generals robbed the territory of its wealth, Cao Bin was only interested in books and the traditional clothing. Returning to the capital, Cao Bin reported the other generals, and was named jiedushi.
In 974 Cao Bin commanded the army that conquered Southern Tang, and after a few other battles against Northern Han and Liao Dynasty, he was given control over the entire Song Dynasty's army.
His granddaughter was Empress Cao, married to Emperor Renzong of Song.
Notes and references
Sources
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以上介紹摘自維基百科；若有錯漏，敬請在維基百科上修改
來源條目。
