生平

陈廷敬原名陈敬，明崇祯十二年（1638年）生于山西泽州直隶州皇城村。顺治十五年（1658年）考中戊戌科进士，选庶吉士，因与庶常馆翰林院通州陈敬重名，故顺治帝赐「廷」字，改名廷敬。康熙帝即位，陈廷敬深得赏识。康熙十七年（1678年）秋七月丙寅，与叶方蔼一起入直南书房。累迁翰林院掌院学士。

康熙二十三年（1684年），授左都御史兼管户部钱法堂事物。康熙二十五年（1686年），迁工部尚书，与徐乾学奏进《鉴古集览》，奉诏任纂修《三朝圣训》，《政治训典》，《方略》，《大清一统志》，《明史》等书，任总裁。康熙二十七年（1688年），前湖广巡抚张汧因「贪污银九万馀两」获罪。陈廷敬为其亲戚，上《俯沥恳诚祈恩回籍以安愚分疏》，谢罪恳请回乡。两年后重新起用为左都御史。

康熙四十二年（1703年），拜文渊阁大学士兼吏部尚书，值经筵。康熙四十九年（1710年）十一月以耳病乞休，获允。次年五月，大学士张玉书卒，李光地患病未愈，陈廷敬又应诏入直。康熙五十一年（1712年）三月，陈廷敬病剧，四月去世。康熙帝亲作挽诗哀悼，谥文贞。《清史稿》有传。

著作

陈廷敬生平好学，诗、文、乐皆佳。与清初散文家汪琬，著名诗人王士祯皆有往来，「皆能得其深处，而面目各不相假」。康熙对陈廷敬有「房姚比雅韵，李杜并诗豪」的评价。乾隆皇帝亲书「德积一门九进士，恩荣三世六翰林」的楹联，对陈廷敬及其家族予以褒奖。

康熙四十九年（1710年），皇帝命张玉书、陈廷敬领导编纂一部大型字典。后张玉书病逝，陈廷敬独任总裁官。陈廷敬编纂《康熙字典》付出了极大的心力，亲自审阅文稿、编订目录、考校典籍、查阅大量古代辞书。这部字典是在前人《字汇》和《正字通》的基础上补充而成的，共收四万七千多字，是清代最大的字典。陈廷敬工诗文，器识高远，文词渊雅，有五十卷《午亭文编》收入《四库全书》，其中诗歌二十卷，还有《午亭山人第二集》三卷等作品。

家庭

妻子

• 王氏

子女

• 大儿子陈忘机

• 二儿子陈豫朋

• 三儿子陈壮履

• 女儿 陈采薇

遗迹

陈廷敬在家乡所建的午亭山村保留至今。

评价

陈廷敬颇有清名，受康熙评价为「宽大老成，几近完人」。长篇历史小说《大清相国》塑造了以其为主要代表的大臣群相，王岐山任北京市长时曾向同僚推荐该书。

皇城陈氏

皇城陈氏在明清两代，科甲鼎盛，人才辈出， 九人考中进士，其中六人入翰林。陈廷敬六世祖陈天佑为明嘉靖进士，官至都察院御史。伯父陈昌言为明崇祯进士，官至学政，陈昌言子陈元为顺治十六年进士，选庶吉士。陈廷敬二子陈豫朋为康熙三十三年进士，官至学政，三子陈壮履为康熙三十六年进士，侄子陈观顒、陈随贞，孙陈师俭均为进士。康熙年间，皇城陈氏为官者高达十六人。

相关文艺作品

影视作品

Biography

Chen Jing was born in Zezhou in Shanxi province. He obtained a jinshi degree in the imperial examination in 1658 and was given the vocable "Ting" by the Shunzhi Emperor to differentiate him from another successful candidate with the same name. He served in a number of official posts during his long career, working in the Imperial Diary Office in 1672 before being appointed sub-chancellor of the Grand Secretariat in 1676. Shortly after, he was also appointed chancellor of the Hanlin Academy. In 1678, Chen was sent to serve in the Southern Study, but returned home to observe a mourning period for his mother who recently died. In 1682, Chen became chief-examiner of metropolitan examination and was also tasked with compiling music for court festivals and gatherings. He served a stint at the Imperial Mint in 1684 and was involved in currency reform. To discourage the practice of melting down currency to profit from the higher price of the metal, Chen successfully petitioned a decrease in the weight of copper coins and suggested that copper mines be opened to private operation. In 1684, Chen was also appointed senior president of the Censorate and president of the Board of Works two years later. At the same time, he served as a director of the Historiographical Board, helping compile the History of Ming. In 1688, the governor of Hubei, Zhang Qian, was implicated in a bribery case and Chen, being a relative of the accused, resigned from his post. He was soon recalled to office two years later but temporarily resigned again to undertake a period of mourning. In 1694, Chen again became a director in the Historiographical Board and continued working on literary projects sponsored by the government.

In 1703, Chen Tingjing was made Grand Secretary of the Wenyuan Library. He accompanied the emperor during his fifth tour of the South in 1705 before retiring on grounds of ill-health in 1710. However, Chen was immediately recalled to office to look after government affairs after the death of one Grand Secretary, Zhang Yushu, and the absence of another, Li Guangdi. During his final years, he served as one of the chief editors of the Kangxi Dictionary. He died in office in 1712.

Poetry

Chen was a highly accomplished poet during his lifetime, believing that the fundamental purpose of poetry was to encourage moral virtue. He took an exceptional interest in Tang poetry and considered Du Fu to be the epitome of poetic excellence. The Kangxi Emperor regarded his poetic talents the best out of all his high officials and he was gifted the Imperial Poetry Collection (Yuzhi shiji) in 1678. Later in his life, he was also entrusted with editing the Peiwen Yunfu and the Yuxuan Tangshi, an anthology of Tang poetry.