徐壽輝(1320年 - 1360年),一名
真一,又作
真逸、
貞一。羅田縣多雲鄉上五堡(今屬湖北)人,
元末長江中上游紅巾軍領袖,建國號宋(一說為天完),後遭部將陳友諒殺害。
顯示更多...: 生平 注釋 參考書目
生平
出身布販,常被元朝的官吏勒索,至正十一年(1351年)八月,參加彭瑩玉、鄒普勝等在蘄州(今湖北蘄春南)的起事,以「彌勒佛下生」等口號發動群眾,以紅巾為號,稱紅巾軍。
十月,紅巾軍攻克蘄水(今湖北浠水),據此建國,徐壽輝被擁舉為帝,國號宋,年號治平。以鄒普勝為太師,倪文俊為領軍元帥,置統軍元帥府、中書省、樞密院、中央六部,有丁普郎、楊普雄、項普略、況普天、歐普祥、陳普文、趙普勝、傅友德等悍將。
至正十三年(1353年)底,元廷圍剿徐壽輝,蘄水失陷,彭瑩玉戰死,徐壽輝等避入黃梅山及沔陽湖中,後重新取得江西、湖南。至正十六年(1356年)正月,遷都漢陽(今武漢漢陽)。
此時徐壽輝受丞相倪文俊架空,早已虛有帝名。至正十七年(1357年)九月,倪文俊謀殺徐壽輝未成,逃奔黃州(今湖北黃岡市黃州區),陳友諒乘機襲殺倪文俊,連克江西、福建諸地,實權轉歸陳友諒。
徐壽輝聽聞江西首府龍興府(今江西南昌)已經被攻陷,希望遷都龍興府,以龍興為根據地。陳友諒害怕徐壽輝在江南威脅到自己,不同意徐壽輝南遷,徐壽輝不得已而止。不久,徐壽輝仍打算遷都龍興府,陳友諒再遣使制止,徐壽輝不聽,並從漢陽引兵出發,遷都龍興府。十二月,徐壽輝部到達江州,陳友諒假意迎合,待壽輝部入城後伏發,殺盡部將,惟存徐壽輝一人。於是,陳友諒自稱漢王,挾持徐壽輝遷都江州(今九江)。
至正二十年(1360年),陳友諒挾持徐壽輝進攻太平路。閏五月三日戊午,陳友諒邀請徐壽輝至太平路采石(今安徽馬鞍山)附近五通神廟拜神,命死士刺殺徐壽輝,以鐵撾擊碎徐壽輝首級。隨後陳友諒自立為帝,國號漢,年號大義。
至正二十一年(1361年)十月,明玉珍在重慶即位,追謚應天啟運獻武皇帝,廟號世宗。
注釋
參考書目
• 白壽彞:《中國通史·卷8》
• 錢謙益:《國初群雄事略》
以上介紹摘自維基百科;若有錯漏,敬請在維基百科上修改
來源條目。
Xu Shouhui (徐壽輝 Xú Shòuhuī) (died 1360) was a 14th-century Chinese rebel leader who proclaimed himself emperor of the Tianwan dynasty (天完) during the late
Yuan dynasty period of China. He was also known as
Xu Zhenyi (徐真一 or 徐真逸, romanized in Wade–Giles as
Hsü Chen-i).
Born in Luotian (羅田, now in Hubei), Xu was a cloth vendor by profession.
顯示更多...: Empire of Tianwan
Empire of Tianwan
In August 1351, he worked with others in Qízhōu (蘄州) to establish the rebel army of Red Turbans under the pretense of the Buddhist White Lotus Society. In the following months of the Red Turban Rebellion, they captured Qishui (蘄水) and made it the command centre of the Red Turbans and the capital of the newly declared Empire of Tianwan (天完), with himself as the emperor with the era name of Zhiping (治平).
The number of his supporters increased rapidly as he claimed to be Maitreya Buddha (彌勒佛下生) who sought to "destroy the rich to benefit the poor" (摧富益貧). In 1352, he invaded more of Hebei, and moved on to take Jiangxi, Anhui, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and Hunan.
After being temporarily defeated by the army of the Yuan dynasty, he fled to Huangmei Mountain, but returned in 1355 to invade once again and move the capital to Hanyang District.
Five years later in 1360, Xu Shouhui was assassinated by his former ally, Chen Youliang, thus causing the collapse of the Tianwan Empire.
以上介紹摘自維基百科;若有錯漏,敬請在維基百科上修改
來源條目。