张栻(1133年 - 1180年),
南宋时理学学者。字
敬甫,号
南轩,汉州绵竹县(今属四川省)人,仕至右文殿修撰。丞相
张浚(1097—1164)之子。
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生平
张浚之子。张栻用功早慧,博学多才,南宋高宗绍兴七年(1137年)张浚谪居永州,张栻从小跟随父亲,十几岁时就能为父亲出谋划策,幕僚都自愧不如。高宗绍兴三十二年(1162年),张浚为江淮东西路宣抚使,以栻为书写机宜文字。张栻十三岁写「连州八景」诗,与吕祖谦和朱熹齐名,时称「东南三贤」。张栻曾师从胡宏,被誉为「圣门有人,吾道幸矣」。学成归长沙,先后主讲岳麓书院、城南书院。张栻为「湖湘学派」代表人物,与朱熹的「闽学」,吕祖谦的「婺学」鼎足而三。朱熹很敬服张栻:「一则曰,敬夫见识卓然不可及,从游之久,反覆开益为多;一则曰敬夫学问愈高,所见卓然,议论出人表。」范伯崇回忆说:「二先生论《中庸》之义,三日夜而不能合。」
南宋乾道三年(1167年)八月,朱熹从福建武夷山赶到湖南长沙向张栻求学,与张栻讨论《中庸》之义。张栻认为「理」是世界的本原,「理之自然谓之天,命于人为性,主于性为心」,并且赞扬周敦颐的主静:「专于敬字上勉力,愈觉周子主静之意为有味。」淳熙元年(1174年)起知静江府,广南西路安抚经略使。淳熙五年(1178年),任荆湖北路安抚使。淳熙七年(1180年)卒,谥「宣」。
张栻政治上誓不与秦桧为伍,力主抗金,学术上虽承二程,但有别于二程。《宋史·道学传序》称:「张栻之学,亦出程氏,既见朱熹,相与博约,又大进焉!」主要著作有:《论语解》、《孟子说》、《洙泗言仁》、《诸葛忠武侯传》、《经世编年》等。事见《晦庵集》卷八九《右文殿修撰张公神道碑》。
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以上介绍摘自维基百科;若有错漏,敬请在维基百科上修改
来源条目。
Zhang Shi (张栻 Zhāng Shì, courtesy name Jìngtiān 敬天, pseudonym Nānxuān 南轩, 1133–1181) was a scholar during the
Song Dynasty in China.
He was a native of Mianzhu (绵竹), Sichuan, and son of a distinguished general and statesman, named Zhang Jun (1097–1164), who held the tile of Duke of Yi (益).
After studying under Hu Hong, son of Hu Anguo, Zhang Shi commenced an official career and became aide-de-camp and secretary to his father. In 1164 his father died, and Zhang Shi buried him according to his wish at the foot of Mount Heng in Hunan, remaining in seclusion near the grave for several years. While there he was visited in 1167 by Zhu Xi, and it is said that they spent three days and three nights arguing about the Doctrine of the Mean. The result was that Zhang returned to official life, and became a strong opponent of the Tartars and of the policy of conciliation and concession which had been introduced by Qin Gui. He was alternately promoted and demoted until he died while governor of Zhingzhou in Hubei. He was the author of many treatises and commentaries covering portions of the Confucian Canon, in which he gave expression to doctrines which his friend, Zhu Xi, felt himself called upon to refute. Nevertheless, Zhu Xi held Zhang Shi in high esteem and always spoke of him with admiration. He was canonised as Xuān 宣, and in 1261 was admitted into the Confucian Temple.
以上介绍摘自维基百科;若有错漏,敬请在维基百科上修改
来源条目。