| Radical: | 攴+ 5 strokes = 9 strokes total. |
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| References: | Guangyun: p.368#29 Kangxi: p.469#25 Cihai: p.601r5c01 GSR: 49.i Hanyu: v2,p1453#05 |
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| Composition: | Left: 古, right: 攵. Component of: 做 𫮆 𢰴 𡟁 |
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| Mandarin: | gù gǔ ㄍㄨˋ ㄍㄨˇ |
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| Cantonese: | gu3 |
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| Tang reconstruction: | *gò |
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| Shuowen: | 《》故：使為之也。从攴古聲。 |
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| Guangyun: | 《···》故：舊也，事也，常也，又姓出姓苑。 |
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| Kangxi: | 《··》故：《》《集韻》《韻會》《正韻》𠀤古暮切，音顧。《》使爲之也。《註》徐鍇曰：故使之也。又《》事也。《易·繫辭》是故知幽明之故。《疏》故，謂事也。又《》舊也。《·》革，去故也。鼎，取新也。《周禮·天官·大宰》以八統詔王馭萬民，二曰敬故。《註》不慢舊也。又《·》𠛬故無小。《傳》故犯雖小，必𠛬。又《禮·曲禮·疏》故者，承上起下之語。又《禮·檀弓》非有大故，不宿於外。《註》大故，謂喪憂。又《·》魯故二十五卷。《註》師古曰：故者，通其指義也。今流俗毛詩，攺故訓傳爲詁字，失眞。又《前漢·蘇武傳》前以降及物故，凡隨武還者九人。《註》師古曰：物故，謂死也。言其同於鬼物而故也。又《·》不隆本行，不敬舊法，而好詐故。《註》故，巧也。又《韻補》叶攻乎切，辜也。《賈誼·弔屈原文》般紛紛其離此尤兮，亦夫子之故也。歷九州而相其君兮，何必懷此都也。○按《》故作辜。又叶果五切。《東方朔·客難》悉力慕之，困於衣食，或失門戸，使蘇秦，張儀與僕𠀤生於今之世，曾不得掌故。《》从攴作故。 |
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| Fanqie: | 古暮 (《···》) |
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| Unihan definition: | ancient, old; reason, because |
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| 故 |
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gù ㄍㄨˋ (1): 緣故，原因。 Cause.
| 《·》: | 故，所得而後成也。 | | The gu (reason/cause) of something is what it must get before it will come about. | | 《·》: | 梁惠王以土地之故，糜爛其民而戰之，大敗，將復之，恐不能勝，故驅其所愛子弟以殉之，是之謂以其所不愛及其所愛也。 | | 'The king Hui of Liang, for the matter of territory, tore and destroyed his people, leading them to battle. Sustaining a great defeat, he would engage again, and afraid lest they should not be able to secure the victory, urged his son whom he loved till he sacrificed him with them. This is what I call "beginning with what they do not care for, and proceeding to what they care for."' | | 《·》: | 其故何也？ | | How is it so? | | 《·》: | 君無故不殺牛，大夫無故不殺羊，士無故不殺犬、豕。 | | Without some cause for it, a ruler did not kill an ox, nor a Great officer a sheep, nor a lower officer a pig or a dog. | | 《·》: | 此其故何也？ | | 《》: | 陳涉無千乘之尊，尺土之地，身非王公大人名族之后，無鄉曲之譽，非有孔、墨、曾子之賢，陶朱、猗頓之富也，然起窮巷，奮棘矜，偏袒大呼而天下從風，此其故何也？ |
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gù ㄍㄨˋ (2.1): 事。 State of affairs.
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gù ㄍㄨˋ (2.2): 變故，事故。 Event, incident.
| 《·》: | 父母俱存，兄弟無故，一樂也。 | | That his father and mother are both alive, and that the condition of his brothers affords no cause for anxiety; this is one delight. | | 《·》: | 桓公為司徒，甚得周眾與東土之人，問于史伯曰：「王室多故，余懼及焉，其何所可以逃死？」 |
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gù ㄍㄨˋ (3): 計謀，巧僞。 Plot.
| 《·》: | 不如曰不信以疏之，亦固太子以攜之，多為之故，以變其志，志少疏，乃可也。 |
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gù ㄍㄨˋ (4.1): 舊，與「新」相對。 Old.
| 《·》: | 子曰：「溫故而知新，可以為師矣。」 | | The Master said, "If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others." | | 《·》: | 溫故而知新，敦厚以崇禮。 | | He cherishes his old knowledge, and is continually acquiring new. He exerts an honest, generous earnestness, in the esteem and practice of all propriety. | | 《·》: | 夫古今異俗，新故異備，如欲以寬緩之政、治急世之民，猶無轡策而御駻馬，此不知之患也 | | 《·》: | 地墽民險，而介於大國之間，晉國之故禮未滅，韓國之新法重出，先君之令未收，後君之令又下，新故相反，前後相繆，百官背亂，不知所用。 | | 《·》: | 二千石系者新故相因，不減百餘人。 | | 《·》: | 禮者，繼天地，體陰陽，而慎主客，序尊卑、貴賤、大小之位，而差外內、遠近、新故之級者也，以德多為象。 |
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gù ㄍㄨˋ (4.2): 從前，原來的。 Past, original.
| 《·》: | 張武等議曰：「漢大臣皆故高帝時大將，習兵，多謀詐，此其屬意非止此也，特畏高帝、呂太后威耳。」 |
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gù ㄍㄨˋ (5): 死亡。 Death.
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gù ㄍㄨˋ (6): 故意 On purpose.
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gù ㄍㄨˋ (7): 固、本來。 Originally.
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gù ㄍㄨˋ (8): 連詞：所以，因此。 Hence, thus.
| 《·》: | 故中效，則是也。 | | Thus what matches the imitation is so. | | 《·》: | 牢曰：「子云，『吾不試，故藝』」 | | Lao said, "The Master said, 'Having no official employment, I acquired many arts.'" | | 《·》: | 古之人與民偕樂，故能樂也。 | | The ancients caused the people to have pleasure as well as themselves, and therefore they could enjoy it. | | 《·》: | 故夫知效一官，行比一鄉，德合一君而徵一國者，其自視也亦若此矣。 | | Thus it is that men, whose wisdom is sufficient for the duties of some one office, or whose conduct will secure harmony in some one district, or whose virtue is befitting a ruler so that they could efficiently govern some one state, are sure to look on themselves in this manner (like the quail). | | 《·》: | 有土德之瑞，故號黃帝。 | | There was an auspicious omen of the earth's energy, and he was therefore called 'Yellow god.' | | 《·》: | 故曰：禮者不可不學也。 | | Hence there is the saying, 'The rules of propriety should by no means be left unlearned.' |
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