Chinese Text Project |
固 U+56FA | Seal script | Jinwen | Jianbo | 怘 Semantic variant |
Radical: | 囗+ 5 strokes = 8 strokes total. |
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References: | Guangyun: p.368#33 Kangxi: p.218#03 Cihai: p.302r5c04 GSR: 49.f Hanyu: v1,p0716#09 |
Composition: | Outside: 囗, center: 古. Component of: 凅 𡇤 個 堌 𠴱 婟 崓 崮 𡹍 涸 𢛅 𩧽 㧽 𬲾 𡈅 𫆣 𤊎 棝 祻 𧛂 [More] |
Mandarin: | gù ㄍㄨˋ |
Cantonese: | gu3 |
Tang reconstruction: | *gò |
Shuowen: | 《囗部》固:四塞也。从囗古聲。 |
Guangyun: | 《廣韻·去聲·暮·顧》固:堅也,一也,常也,故也,四塞也。 |
Kangxi: | 《康熙字典·囗部·五》固:〔古文〕怘《唐韻》《集韻》《韻會》《正韻》𠀤古慕切,音顧。《說文》四塞也。从囗古聲。《徐鍇曰》淮南子謂九州之險,爲九州之塞也。《禮·禮運》城郭溝池以爲固。《周禮·夏官·掌固》掌修城郭溝池樹渠之固。《註》掌國所依阻者。城郭已下數事,皆是牢固之事也。《孟子》固國不以山谿之險。又《唐韻》堅也。《論語》學則不固。《詩·魯頌》式固爾猷,淮夷卒獲。《禮·曲禮》將適舍求無固。《註》就館不能無求於主人,執所欲,而必得之,非爲客之義。又《廣韻》再辭也。《書·大禹謨》禹拜稽首固辭。《禮·投壺》敢固以請。《註》固之言如故也,如故者,重辭也。又執一不通也。《論語》非敢爲佞也,疾固也。《孟子》固哉,高叟之爲詩也。又鄙陋也。《禮·曲禮》輟朝而顧君子謂之固。《註》謂鄙野不達禮也。又《哀公問》公曰:寡人固不固,焉得聞此言。《註》固,陋也。又本然之詞。《孟子》天下固畏齊之强也。《又》固所願也。又已然之詞。《孟子》夫世祿,滕固行之矣。又《屈原·離騷》自前世而固然。又常然之詞。《孟子》若固有之。又固守也。《論語》君子固窮。又姓。《說苑》有固乗。又僕固,複姓。唐有僕固懷恩。又固始,漢侯國名。成固,縣名。固陵,聚名。《後漢·郡國志》固始國,屬豫州汝南郡。成固,屬益州漢中郡。固陵,屬豫州𨻰國陽夏縣。又與錮通。《禮·月令》季冬行春令,國多固疾。《註》謂久疾不瘥也。 |
Fanqie: | 古暮 (《廣韻·去聲·暮·顧》) |
Unihan definition: | to become solid, solidify; strength |
Example usage
《論語·學而》: | 子曰:「君子不重則不威,學則不固。」 |
The Master said, "If the scholar be not grave, he will not call forth any veneration, and his learning will not be solid." | |
《孟子·盡心上》: | 賢者之為人臣也,其君不賢,則固可放與? |
When worthies are ministers, may they indeed banish their sovereigns in this way when they are not virtuous? | |
《禮記·投壺》: | 賓曰:「某既賜矣,又重以樂,敢固辭。」 |
The guest repeats his refusal, saying, 'I have partaken (of your entertainment), and you would still further have me enjoy myself; --I venture firmly to decline.' | |
《揚子法言》: | 魏武侯與吳起浮於西河,寶河山之固。 |
Wei Wuhou and Wu Qi were sailing on the West River, praising the strategic defensibility of the river and mountains. | |
《莊子·逍遙遊》: | 莊子曰:「夫子固拙於用大矣。」 |
Zhuangzi replied, 'You were indeed stupid, my master, in the use of what was large.' | |
《道德經》: | 將欲歙之,必固張之。 |
When one is about to take an inspiration, he is sure to make a (previous) expiration. | |
《商君書·更法》: | 且夫有高人之行者,固見負於世。 |
Moreover, he who conducts himself as an outstanding man is, as a matter of course, disapproved of by the world. | |
《史記·五帝本紀》: | 余嘗西至空桐,北過涿鹿,東漸於海,南浮江淮矣,至長老皆各往往稱黃帝、堯、舜之處,風教固殊焉,總之不離古文者近是。 |
I have travelled westward as far as 'hollow cave' hill, northward beyond Zhuolu, eastward I have crossed the sea, while southward I have floated on rafts along the Yangtze and Huai rivers, and all the elders whom I met again and again talked of the places where the Yellow emperor, Yao, and Shun dwelt, and how very different their customs and teachings were. In short, those who are attached to the ancient literature must be familiar with their sayings. | |
《荀子·賦》: | 往來惛憊,而不可為固塞者與? |
《說苑·君道》: | 不固溺於流俗,不拘繫於左右。 |
《春秋繁露·竹林》: | 夫德不足以親近,而文不足以來遠,而斷斷以戰伐為之者,此固《春秋》之所甚疾已,皆非義也。 |
《韓詩外傳·卷一》: | 受子貢觴,迎流而挹之,奐然而棄之,促流而挹之,奐然而溢之,坐、置之沙上,曰:「禮固不親受。」 |
《大戴禮記·主言》: | 七教不脩,雖守不固。 |
《白虎通德論·五祀》: | 門以閉藏自固也,秋亦萬物成熟,內備自守也。 |
《新書·脩政語下》: | 凡有守心者,必固之以和,而諭之以愛,然後能有存也。 |
《新序·善謀下》: | 公誠能無愛金玉璧帛,令太子為書,卑辭以安車迎之,因使辯士固請宜來,來以為客,時時從入朝,令上見之,上見之即必異問之,問之,上知此四人,亦一助也。 |
《中論·脩本》: | 故德彌高而基彌固,勝彌眾而愛彌廣。 |
《孔子家語·大昏解》: | 孔子愀然作色而對曰:「君之及此言也,百姓之惠也,固臣敢無辭而對?」 |
《潛夫論·務本》: | 器以便事為善,以膠固為上。 |
《論衡·累害》: | 屈平潔白,邑犬群吠,吠所怪也,非俊疑傑,固庸能也。 |
《太玄經·閑》: | 次二,閑其藏,固珍寶。 |
《風俗通義·六國》: | 謹按《戰國策》、《太史公記》:秦孝公據殽、函之固,擁雍州之地,君臣戮力以窺周室,有席卷天下、囊括八荒之意。 |
《孔叢子·廣詁》: | 固、歷、彌、宿、舊、尚,久也。 |
《申鑒·政體》: | 承天惟允,正身惟常,任賢惟固,恤民惟勤,明制惟典,立業惟敦,是謂政體也。 |
《忠經·天地神明章》: | 忠能固君臣、安社稷、感天地、動神明,而況於人乎? |
《新語·道基》: | 夫謀事不並仁義者後必敗,殖不固本而立高基者後必崩。 |
《獨斷·卷上》: | 《月令》曰:「固封璽。」 |
《蔡中郎集·獨斷》: | 《月令》曰:「固封璽。」 |
《墨子·經說下》: | 若曰,「必獨指吾所舉,毋舉吾所不舉」,則者固不能獨指。 |
《列子·天瑞》: | 難終難窮,此固然矣。 |
《鶡冠子·天則》: | 夫裁衣而知擇其工,裁國而知索其人,此固世之所公哉。 |
《文子·道原》: | 體道者佚而不窮,任數者勞而無功,夫法刻刑誅者,非帝王之業也,箠策繁用者,非致遠之御也,好憎繁多,禍乃相隨,故先王之法非所作也,所因也,其禁誅非所為也,所守也,故能因則大,作即細,能守則固,為即敗。 |
《文始真經·二柱》: | 關尹子曰:「死胎中者,死卵1中者,亦人亦物,天地雖大,彼固不知。」 |
《列仙傳·祝雞翁》: | 人禽雖殊,道固相關。 |
《老子河上公章句》: | 將欲歙之,必固張之。 |
《韓非子·初見秦》: | 臣聞天下陰燕陽魏,連荊固齊,收韓而成從,將西面以與秦強為難,臣竊笑之。 |
《管子·輕重丁》: | 君穀籍而務,則農人獨操國固。 |
《公孫龍子·跡府》: | 先生修儒術而非仲尼之所取,欲學而使龍去所教,則雖百龍,固不能當前矣。 |
《孫子兵法·虛實》: | 守而必固者,守其所不攻也。 |
《吳子·圖國》: | 武侯問曰:「願聞治兵、料人、固國之道。」 |
《六韜·守國》: | 聖人之在天地間也,其寶固大矣。 |
You can examine all occurrences of this character or phrase in Pre-Qin and Han texts or Post-Han texts on the site.
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