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Chinese Text Project
Simplified Chinese version
天
U+5929
Seal script
Jinwen
Jiaguwen
Jianbo		兲
Semantic variant		靝
Semantic variant		𠀘
Semantic variant		𠀡
Semantic variant		𠕹
Semantic variant		𦴞
Semantic variant

Radical:大+ 1 strokes = 4 strokes total.
References:Guangyun: p.133#14 Kangxi: p.248#04 Cihai: p.358r4c01 GSR: 361.a Hanyu: v1,p0522#01
Composition:Top: 一, bottom: 大. Compositionally related: 𡗓 . Component of: 𡗘 关 𫢋 𠕹 𡗣 𠇄 𪟩 吞 𫭛 吴 𫯝 忝 𭕇 𭗽 𮤮 𬮜 𡛌 𢓍 𢎾 𬻊 [More]
Mandarin:tiān ㄊㄧㄢ
Cantonese:tin1
Tang reconstruction:*ten
Shuowen:《一部》天：顚也。至高无上，从一、大。
Guangyun:《广韵·下平声·先·天》天：上𤣥也。《说文》曰：顚也，至髙无上从一大也。《尔雅》云：春爲苍天夏爲昊天秋爲旻天冬爲上天。他前切。六。
Kangxi:《康熙字典·大部·大部》天：〔古文〕𠕹𠀡𠀘𦴞兲《唐韵》《正韵》他前切《集韵》《韵会》他年切，𠀤腆平声。《说文》顚也。至高在上，从一大也。《白虎通》鎭也，居高理下，爲物鎭也。《易·说卦》乾爲天。《礼·礼运》天秉阳，垂日星。荀子曰：天无实形，地之上至虚者皆天也。邵子曰：自然之外别无天。《程子遗书》天之苍苍，岂是天之形。视下亦复如是。《张子正蒙》天左旋，处其中者顺之，少迟则反右矣。《朱子·语类》离骚有九天之说，诸家妄解云有九天。据某观之，只是九重。盖天运行有许多重数，里面重数较软，在外则渐硬，想到第九重成硬殻相似，那里转得愈紧矣。○按天形如卵白。细察卵白，其中之絪縕融密处确有七重，第八重白膜稍硬，最后九重便成硬殻。可见朱子体象造化之妙。今西洋历说，天一层缓似一层，此七政退旋，所以有迟速也。又星名。《尔雅·释天》天，根氐也。《周语》天根见而水涸。又古帝号。葛天氏，见《疏仡纪》。又神名。《山海经》形天与帝争神，帝断其首，乃以乳爲目，脐爲口，操干戚以舞。形一作𠛬。《陶潜诗》𠛬天舞干戚，猛志故常在。或作兽名，非。又地名。《蜀地志》蜀卭僰山后四野，无晴日，曰漏天。《杜甫诗》地近漏天终岁雨。又山名。《九州要记》凉州古武城有天山，黄帝受金液神丹于此。一曰在伊州。《注》天山，卽祁连山。又天，乐名。钧天广乐，见《史记·赵世家》。又署名。《唐六典》内阁惟秘书阁，宏壮曰木天。今翰林院称木天署。又景天，草名。《陶弘景曰》以盆盛，置屋上，辟火灾。又髡𠛬。《易·暌𧰼》其人天且劓。又姓。汉长社令天高。见《姓苑》。○按先韵，古与眞文通，故天字皆从铁因反。考之经史皆然，惟《易》六位时成，时乘六龙以御天，与庚靑通耳。《正字通》谓，至尊莫如天，天以下又莫如君父，字音必不可僭易攺叶，所论颇正大。𠀑，武后所造天字，似篆文天。
Fanqie:他前 (《广韵·下平声·先·天》)
Unihan definition:sky, heaven; god, celestial

CTP Dictionary


天凤
tiān fèng ㄊㄧㄢ ㄈㄥˋ : Tian Feng, 2nd era of Wang Mang, styled Jujun, founder of the Xin dynasty. (王莽), 14 AD-19 AD

《汉书·律历志下》:始建国五年，天凤六年，地皇三年，著纪盗位十四年。
《东观汉记·樊崇》:王莽天凤五年，樊崇起兵于莒。
《后汉书》:王莽天凤中，乃之长安，受尚书，略通大义。

天子
tiān zǐ ㄊㄧㄢ ㄗˇ : 对最高统治者的尊称。 Son of Heaven, title of the supreme ruler.
《论语·八佾》:子曰：“‘相维辟公，天子穆穆’”
The Master said, "'Assisting are the princes; the son of heaven looks profound and grave
《孟子·梁惠王下》:天子适诸侯曰巡狩，巡狩者巡所守也。
When the Son of Heaven visited the princes, it was called a tour of inspection, that is, be surveyed the States under their care.
《庄子·人间世》:与天为徒者，知天子之与己皆天之所子，而独以己言蕲乎而人善之，蕲乎而人不善之邪？
When I thus speak of being a co-worker with Heaven, it is because I know that (the sovereign, whom we style) the son of Heaven, and myself, are equally regarded by Heaven as Its sons. And should I then, as if my words were only my own, be seeking to find whether men approved of them, or disapproved of them?
《史记·五帝本纪》:而诸侯咸尊轩辕为天子，代神农氏，是为黄帝。
The princes all agreed that Xuanyuan should be the Emperor in place of Shennong, under the title Huangdi.
《礼记·曲礼上》:为天子削瓜者副之，巾以絺。
He who pares a melon for the son of Heaven should divide it into four parts and then into eight, and cover them with a napkin of fine linen.
《道德经》:故立天子，置三公，虽有拱璧以先驷马，不如坐进此道。
Therefore when the sovereign occupies his place as the Son of Heaven, and he has appointed his three ducal ministers, though (a prince) were to send in a round symbol-of-rank large enough to fill both the hands, and that as the precursor of the team of horses (in the court-yard), such an offering would not be equal to (a lesson of) this Dao, which one might present on his knees.

天下
tiān xià ㄊㄧㄢ ㄒㄧㄚˋ : 世界。 "All under heaven", the world.
《墨子·经说上》:义：志以天下为芬，而能能利之，不必用。
In intent, he takes the whole world as his field; in ability, he is able to benefit it. He is not necessarily employed.
《论语·八佾》:知其说者之于天下也，其如示诸斯乎！
He who knew its meaning would find it as easy to govern the kingdom as to look on this
《孟子·梁惠王上》:王无罪岁，斯天下之民至焉。
Let your Majesty cease to lay the blame on the year, and instantly from all the nation the people will come to you.
《庄子·逍遥游》:尧让天下于许由，曰：“日月出矣，而爝火不息，其于光也，不亦难乎！”
Yao, proposing to resign the throne to Xu You, said, 'When the sun and moon have come forth, if the torches have not been put out, would it not be difficult for them to give light?'
《史记·五帝本纪》:天下有不顺者，黄帝从而征之，平者去之，披山通道，未尝宁居。
Those in the empire who would not submit, Huangdi pursued and chastised, and when they were subdued he left them. He made cuttings in hills, opened roads, and was never at rest.
《礼记·曲礼下》:君天下，曰天子。
As ruling over all, under the sky, (the king) is called 'The son of Heaven.'
[Show proper names]

Example usage

《论语·为政》:子曰：“吾十有五而志于学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲，不逾矩。”
The Master said, "At fifteen, I had my mind bent on learning. At thirty, I stood firm. At forty, I had no doubts. At fifty, I knew the decrees of Heaven. At sixty, my ear was an obedient organ for the reception of truth. At seventy, I could follow what my heart desired, without transgressing what was right."
《孟子·尽心下》:仁人无敌于天下。
The benevolent man has no enemy under heaven.
《礼记·三年问》:凡生天地之间者，有血气之属必有知，有知之属莫不知爱其类。
All living creatures between heaven and earth, being endowed with blood and breath, have a certain amount of knowledge. Possessing that amount of knowledge, there is not one of them but knows to love its species.
《孝经·感应》:子曰：“昔者明王事父孝，故事天明。”
The Master said, "Anciently, the intelligent kings served their fathers with filial piety, and therefore they served Heaven with intelligence."
《扬子法言·序》:天降生民，倥侗颛蒙，恣乎情性，聪明不开，训诸理，撰《学行》。
When Tian gives birth to the masses, they are naive and ignorant. They give free reign to their desires and original natures, and their intelligence is undeveloped. To teach them the proper principles, I have written "Learning and Practice."
《庄子·逍遥游》:怒而飞，其翼若垂天之云。
When this bird rouses itself and flies, its wings are like clouds all round the sky.
《道德经》:无名天地之始。
(Conceived of as) having no name, it is the Originator of heaven and earth.
《商君书·更法》:今吾欲变法以治，更礼以教百姓，恐天下之议我也。
I intend, now, to alter the laws, so as to obtain orderly government, and to reform the rites, so as to teach the people; but I am afraid the empire will criticize me.
《孙子兵法·始计》:故经之以五事，校之以计，而索其情，一曰道，二曰天，三曰地，四曰将，五曰法。
The art of war, then, is governed by five constant factors, to be taken into account in one's deliberations, when seeking to determine the conditions obtaining in the field. These are: (1) The Moral Law; (2) Heaven; (3) Earth; (4) The Commander; (5) Method and discipline.
《荀子·大略》:国法禁拾遗，恶民之串以无分得也，有夫分义，则容天下而治。
《说苑·君道》:圣人寡为而天下理矣。
《春秋繁露·玉杯》:《春秋》之法，以人随君，以君随天。
《韩诗外传·卷一》:子贡曰：“吾、北鄙之人也，将南之楚，逢天之暑，思心潭潭，愿乞一饮，以表我心。”
《大戴礼记·主言》:昔者舜左禹而右皋陶，不下席而天下治。
《白虎通德论·爵》:天子者，爵称也。
《新书·修政语下》:虽治天下者，由此而已。
《新序·善谋下》:留侯曰：“始上数在困急之中，幸用臣，今天下安定，以爱幼欲易太子骨肉间。”
《中论·治学》:亟闻天下之大言，则志益广。
《孔子家语·相鲁》:孔子对曰：“虽天下可乎！”
《潜夫论·赞学》:天地之所贵者人也，圣人之所尚者义也，德义之所成者智也，明智之所求者学问也。
《论衡·命义》:行恶者祸随而至，而盗跖、庄蹻，横行天下，聚党数千，攻夺人物，断斩人身，无道甚矣，宜遇其祸，乃以寿终。
《太玄经·玄首都序》:玄，浑行无穷正象天。
《风俗通义》:风者、天气有寒暖，地形有险易，水泉有美恶，草木有刚柔也。
《孔丛子·广名》:请天子命曰未可以戚先王，请诸侯命曰未可以近先君，请大夫命曰未可以从先子。
《申鉴·政体》: 圣汉统天，惟宗时亮。
《忠经·天地神明章》:昔在至理，上下一德，以徵天休，忠之道也。
《新语·道基》:传曰：“天生万物，以地养之，圣人成之。”
《独断·卷上》:汉天子正号曰“皇帝”，自称曰“朕”，臣民称之曰“陛下”，其言曰“制诏”，史官记事曰“上”。
《蔡中郎集·独断》:帝谥：违拂不成曰隐，靖民则法曰黄，翼善传圣曰尧，仁圣盛明曰舜，残人多垒曰桀，残义损善曰纣，慈惠爱亲曰孝，爱民好与曰惠，圣善同文曰宣，声闻宣远曰昭，克定祸乱曰武，聪明睿智曰献，温柔圣善曰懿，布德执义曰穆，仁义说民曰元，安仁立政曰神，布纲治纪曰平，乱而不损曰灵，保民耆艾曰明，辟土有德曰襄，贞心大度曰匡，大虑慈民曰定，知过能改曰恭，不生其国曰声，一德不懈曰简，夙兴夜寐曰敬，清白自守曰贞，柔德好众曰靖，安乐治民曰康，小心畏忌曰僖，中身早折曰悼，慈仁和民曰顺，好勇致力曰庄，恭人短折曰哀，在国逢难曰愍，名实过爽曰缪，壅遏不通曰幽，暴虐无亲曰厉，致志大图曰景，辟土兼国曰桓，经纬天地曰文，执义扬善曰怀，短折不成曰殇，去礼远众曰炀，怠政外交曰携，治典不敷曰祈。
《墨子·经下》:鉴团，景一天，而必正1，说在得。
《鲁胜墨辩注叙》:同异生是非，是非生吉凶，取辩于一物，而原极天下之污隆，名之至也。
《列子·天瑞》:玄牝之门，是谓天地之根。
《鶡冠子·博选》:道凡四稽：一曰天，二曰地，三曰人，四曰命。
《文子·道原》:老子曰：“有物混成，先天地生，惟象无形，窈窈冥冥，寂寥淡漠，不闻其声，吾强为之名，字之曰道。”
《文始真经·一宇》:天物怒流，人事错错然。
《列仙传·马师皇》:振跃天汉，粲有遗蔚。
《鬻子》:昔者五帝之治天下也，其道昭昭若日月之明然，若以昼代夜然。
《老子河上公章句》:无名，天地之始。
《韩非子·初见秦》:臣闻天下阴燕阳魏，连荆固齐，收韩而成从，将西面以与秦强为难，臣窃笑之。
《申不害·大体》:故善为主者，倚于愚，立于不盈，设于不敢，藏于无事，窜端匿疏，示天下无为。
《慎子·威德》:天有明，不忧人之暗也。

You can examine all occurrences of this character or phrase in Pre-Qin and Han texts or Post-Han texts on the site.

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