| 寡 |
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guǎ ㄍㄨㄚˇ (1.1): 少。 Few.
| 《·》: | 君实欲民之众而恶其寡，当蓄私不可不节。 | | If the rulers sincerely desire the population to be large and hate to see it small, they must not indulge in retaining too many women. | | 《·》: | 曰：“然则小固不可以敌大，寡固不可以敌众，弱固不可以敌强。” | | Yes - and so it is certain that a small country cannot contend with a great, that few cannot contend with many, that the weak cannot contend with the strong. |
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guǎ ㄍㄨㄚˇ (1.2): 缺少，减少。 Lack, reduce.
| 《》: | 夫轻诺必寡信，多易必多难。 | | He who lightly promises is sure to keep but little faith; he who is continually thinking things easy is sure to find them difficult. |
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guǎ ㄍㄨㄚˇ (2.1): 妇人丧夫，寡妇。 A widow; be widowed.
| 《》: | 是时卓王孙有女文君新寡，好音，故相如缪与令相重，而以琴心挑之。 | | 《》: | 是其为人，哀鳏寡，恤孤独，振困穷，补不足。 |
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guǎ ㄍㄨㄚˇ (2.2): 男子无妻或丧偶。 A widower or unmarried man.
| 《·》: | 宫无拘女，故天下无寡夫。 | | And as women were not kept within the palace (to be spinsters) there were few bachelors in the empire. | | 《》: | 齐崔杼生成，及强，而寡。 |
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guǎ ㄍㄨㄚˇ (3): 诸侯王自称的谦辞。 Modest way of referring to oneself used by rulers.
| 《》: | 是以侯王自称孤、寡、不谷。 | | Hence princes and kings call themselves 'Orphans,' 'Men of small virtue,' and as 'Carriages without a nave.' | | 《·》: | 傲小物而志属于大，似无勇而未可恐狼，执固横敢而不可辱害，临患涉难而处义不越，南面称寡而不以侈大，今日君民而欲服海外，节物甚高而细利弗赖，耳目遗俗而可与定世，富贵弗就而贫贱弗朅，德行尊理而羞用巧卫，宽裕不訾而中心甚厉，难动以物而必不妄折。 |
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| 寡君 |
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guǎ jūn ㄍㄨㄚˇ ㄐㄩㄣ : 臣子对别国称呼自己国君的谦辞。 Respectful term used by ministers to refer to their own ruler when speaking to another state.
| 《·》: | 市南子曰：“少君之费，寡君之欲，虽无粮而乃足。” | | The officer said, 'Minimise your lordship's expenditure, and make your wants few, and though you have no provisions prepared, you will find you have enough.' | | 《·》: | 诸侯使人使于诸侯，使者自称曰寡君之老。 | | When one prince sends a message to another, the messenger speaks of himself as 'the ancient of my poor ruler.' | | 《·》: | 叔孙穆子趋进曰：“诸侯之会，寡君未尝后卫君也。” | | 《·》: | 寡君失社稷，越在草茅，百姓离散，夫妇男女，不遑启处，使下臣告急。 | | 《·》: | 晋小将韩厥伏齐侯车前，曰“寡君使臣救鲁、卫” | | 《》: | 州吁未能和其民，厚问定君于石子，石子曰，王觐为可，曰，何以得觐，曰，陈桓公方有宠于王，陈卫方睦，若朝陈使请，必可得也，厚从州吁如陈，石碏使告于陈曰，卫国褊小，老夫耄矣，无能为也，此二人者，实弑寡君，敢即图之，陈人执之，而请莅于卫，九月，卫人使右宰丑，莅杀州吁于濮，石碏使其宰獳羊肩，莅杀石厚于陈，君子曰，石碏，纯臣也，恶州吁而厚与焉，大义灭亲，其是之谓乎。 |
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| 寡人 |
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guǎ rén ㄍㄨㄚˇ ㄖㄣˊ : 寡德之人。古代诸侯王的谦称。 "Man of little virtue", modest way of referring to oneself used by rulers of the states of Zhou.
| 《·》: | 今天下为政者，其所以寡人之道多，其使民劳，其籍敛厚，民财不足，冻饿死者不可胜数也 | | Those who govern the empire to-day diminish the people in more ways than one: Employing the people they exhaust them, levying taxes they make them heavy. People fall into poverty and innumerable persons die of hunger and cold. | | 《·》: | 梁惠王曰：“寡人之于国也，尽心焉耳矣” | | King Hui of Liang said, 'Small as my virtue is, in the government of my kingdom, I do indeed exert my mind to the utmost.' | | 《·》: | 寡人召而观之，果以恶骇天下。 | | I called him, and saw him. Certainly he was ugly enough to scare the whole world. | | 《·》: | 其与民言，自称曰寡人。 | | He speaks of himself to the people as 'the man of little virtue.' | | 《·》: | 先君之思、以勖寡人。 | | In thinking of our deceased lord, She stimulated worthless me. | | 《·》: | 屈产之乘，寡人之骏马也。 |
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