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yú ㄩˊ (1): 為,作。 Be (copula).
《·》: | 夫是仲尼異『楚人』於所謂『人』,而非龍異『白馬』於所謂『馬』 | 《·》: | 是特姦人之誤於亂說,以欺愚者而淖陷之,以偷取利焉。 | 《·》: | 吾望見吾子似於君子,是以情也。 |
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yú ㄩˊ (2): 在,存在。 Be, exist.
《·》: | 君子無終食之間違仁,造次必於是,顛沛必於是。 | The superior man does not, even for the space of a single meal, act contrary to virtue. In moments of haste, he cleaves to it. In seasons of danger, he cleaves to it. | 《·》: | 斧鉞於後,義死不避。 |
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yú ㄩˊ (3.1): 介詞,相當於「在」。 Preposition: in.
《·》: | 居於國,則為居國 | Living within a state is living in the state. | 《·》: | 孔子謂季氏:「八佾舞於庭,是可忍也,孰不可忍也?」 | Confucius said of the head of the Ji family, who had eight rows of pantomimes in his area, "If he can bear to do this, what may he not bear to do?" | 《·》: | 孟子見梁惠王,王立於沼上,顧鴻鴈麋鹿,曰:「賢者亦樂此乎?」 | Mencius, another day, saw King Hui of Liang. The king went and stood with him by a pond, and, looking round at the large geese and deer, said, 'Do wise and good princes also find pleasure in these things?' | 《·》: | 動於無方,居於窈冥。 | Their movements came from nowhere; their home was in the deep darkness | 《·》: | 凡為君使者,已受命,君言不宿於家 | Whenever one is charged with a mission by his ruler, after he has received from him his orders, and (heard all) he has to say, he should not remain over the night in his house. | 《·》: | 管仲老,不能用事,休居於家,桓公從而問之曰:「仲父家居有病,即不幸而不起此病,政安遷之?」 |
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yú ㄩˊ (3.2): 介詞,相當於「從」、「到」。 Preposition: from or to.
《·》: | 子墨子使管黔敖游高石子於衛,衛君致祿甚厚,設之於卿。 | Mozi sent Guan Qin Ao to recommend Gao Shizi to Wei. The lord of Wei gave him heavy emoluments and ranked him among the ministers. | 《·》: | 季氏旅於泰山。 | The chief of the Ji family was about to sacrifice to the Tai mountain. | 《·》: | 孟子曰:「舜生於諸馮,遷於負夏,卒於鳴條,東夷之人也。」 | Mencius said, 'Shun was born in Zhu Feng, removed to Fu Xia, and died in Ming Tiao - a man near the wild tribes on the east.' | 《·》: | 樂也者,始於懼,懼故祟。 | I performed first the music calculated to awe; and you were frightened as if by a ghostly visitation. | 《·》: | 禮,始於謹夫婦,為宮室,辨外內。 | The observances of propriety commence with a careful attention to the relations between husband and wife. They built the mansion and its apartments, distinguishing between the exterior and interior parts. | 《》: | 九層之臺,起於累土。 | The tower of nine storeys rose from a (small) heap of earth. |
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yú ㄩˊ (3.3): 介詞,相當於「比」。 Preposition: compared to.
《·》: | 推也者,以其所不取之同於其所取者,予之也。 | "Extending" is taking what he has not chosen but is similar to what he has chosen, and presenting it to him. | 《·》: | 夫子曰:「小子識之,苛政猛於虎也。」 | The Master then said (to the disciples), 'Remember this, my little children. Oppressive government is more terrible than tigers.' | 《·》: | 民之外事,莫難於戰,故輕法不可以備之。 | Of the external affairs of the people, there is nothing more difficult than warfare, so an easy law cannot bring them to it. | 《·》: | 天神之貴者,莫貴於青龍,或曰天一,或曰太陰。 | 《·》: | 曰:春秋之論事,莫重於誌。 | 《·》: | 聖人深慮天下,莫貴於生。 |
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yú ㄩˊ (3.4): 介詞,相當於「給」、「對」、「向」。 Preposition: to, for, towards.
《·》: | 程繁問於子墨子曰:「夫子曰:1『聖王』」 | Cheng Fan asked Mozi: "Sir, you say the sage-kings did not have music." | 《·》: | 子禽問於子貢曰:「夫子至於是邦也,必聞其政,求之與?」 | Zi Qin asked Zi Gong, saying, "When our master comes to any country, he does not fail to learn all about its government. Does he ask his information?" | 《·》: | 昔者齊景公問於晏子曰:『吾欲觀於轉附、朝儛,遵海而南,放于琅邪。』 | Formerly, the duke Jing of Qi asked the minister Yan, saying, "I wish to pay a visit of inspection to Zhuan Fu, and Chao Wu, and then to bend my course southward along the shore, till I come to Lang Xie." | 《·》: | 堯讓天下於許由,曰:「日月出矣,而爝火不息,其於光也,不亦難乎!」 | Yao, proposing to resign the throne to Xu You, said, 'When the sun and moon have come forth, if the torches have not been put out, would it not be difficult for them to give light?' | 《·》: | 諸侯使大夫問於諸侯曰聘,約信曰誓,蒞牲曰盟。 | When one prince sends a great officer to ask about another, it is called 'a message of friendly inquiry.' When there is a binding to mutual faith, it is called 'a solemn declaration.' When they use a victim, it is called 'a covenant.' | 《·》: | 因問於群臣:「吾欲用兵,誰可伐者?」 |
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yú ㄩˊ (3.5): 介詞,相當於「被」。 Preposition: by (indicating passive tense).
《·》: | 子墨子言見染絲者而歎曰:「染於蒼則蒼,染於黃則黃。」 | Watching a dyer of silk at work, Mozi sighed, saying: What is dyed in blue becomes blue, what is dyed in yellow becomes yellow. | 《》: | 郤克傷於矢。 | 《·》: | 墨子見染素絲者而歎曰:「染於蒼則蒼,染於黃則黃,所以入者變,其色亦變,五入而以為五色矣。」 | 《》: | 及梁氏事敗,賓客多坐之,唯眾不染於辭。 |
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yú ㄩˊ (3.6): 介詞,相當於「以」、「用」。 Preposition: with, using.
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yú ㄩˊ (3.7): 介詞,相當於「由於」、「在於」。 Preposition: due to, because of.
《·》: | 然後知生於憂患而死於安樂也。 | From these things we see how life springs from sorrow and calamity, and death from ease and pleasure. |
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yú ㄩˊ (3.8): 介詞,相當於「依據」、「按照」。 Preposition: by, according to.
《·》: | 於諸侯之約,大王當王關中,關中民咸知之。 | 《》: | 於諸侯之約,大王當王關中,關中民戶知之。 | 《》: | 於諸侯之約。 |
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yú ㄩˊ (4): 連詞,相當於「猶與」、「而」。 Connective: just as.
《·》: | 然於然。 | It is so because it is so. |
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yú ㄩˊ (5): 助詞,無義。 Auxiliary word, no meaning.
《·》: | 於論鼓鐘、於樂辟廱。 | In what unison were their sounds! What joy was there in the hall with its circlet of water! |
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