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yú ㄩˊ (1): 为,作。 Be (copula).
《·》: | 夫是仲尼异‘楚人’于所谓‘人’,而非龙异‘白马’于所谓‘马’ | 《·》: | 是特奸人之误于乱说,以欺愚者而淖陷之,以偷取利焉。 | 《·》: | 吾望见吾子似于君子,是以情也。 |
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yú ㄩˊ (2): 在,存在。 Be, exist.
《·》: | 君子无终食之间违仁,造次必于是,颠沛必于是。 | The superior man does not, even for the space of a single meal, act contrary to virtue. In moments of haste, he cleaves to it. In seasons of danger, he cleaves to it. | 《·》: | 斧钺于后,义死不避。 |
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yú ㄩˊ (3.1): 介词,相当于“在”。 Preposition: in.
《·》: | 居于国,则为居国 | Living within a state is living in the state. | 《·》: | 孔子谓季氏:“八佾舞于庭,是可忍也,孰不可忍也?” | Confucius said of the head of the Ji family, who had eight rows of pantomimes in his area, "If he can bear to do this, what may he not bear to do?" | 《·》: | 孟子见梁惠王,王立于沼上,顾鸿雁麋鹿,曰:“贤者亦乐此乎?” | Mencius, another day, saw King Hui of Liang. The king went and stood with him by a pond, and, looking round at the large geese and deer, said, 'Do wise and good princes also find pleasure in these things?' | 《·》: | 动于无方,居于窈冥。 | Their movements came from nowhere; their home was in the deep darkness | 《·》: | 凡为君使者,已受命,君言不宿于家 | Whenever one is charged with a mission by his ruler, after he has received from him his orders, and (heard all) he has to say, he should not remain over the night in his house. | 《·》: | 管仲老,不能用事,休居于家,桓公从而问之曰:“仲父家居有病,即不幸而不起此病,政安迁之?” |
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yú ㄩˊ (3.2): 介词,相当于“从”、“到”。 Preposition: from or to.
《·》: | 子墨子使管黔敖游高石子于卫,卫君致禄甚厚,设之于卿。 | Mozi sent Guan Qin Ao to recommend Gao Shizi to Wei. The lord of Wei gave him heavy emoluments and ranked him among the ministers. | 《·》: | 季氏旅于泰山。 | The chief of the Ji family was about to sacrifice to the Tai mountain. | 《·》: | 孟子曰:“舜生于诸冯,迁于负夏,卒于鸣条,东夷之人也。” | Mencius said, 'Shun was born in Zhu Feng, removed to Fu Xia, and died in Ming Tiao - a man near the wild tribes on the east.' | 《·》: | 乐也者,始于惧,惧故祟。 | I performed first the music calculated to awe; and you were frightened as if by a ghostly visitation. | 《·》: | 礼,始于谨夫妇,为宫室,辨外内。 | The observances of propriety commence with a careful attention to the relations between husband and wife. They built the mansion and its apartments, distinguishing between the exterior and interior parts. | 《》: | 九层之台,起于累土。 | The tower of nine storeys rose from a (small) heap of earth. |
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yú ㄩˊ (3.3): 介词,相当于“比”。 Preposition: compared to.
《·》: | 推也者,以其所不取之同于其所取者,予之也。 | "Extending" is taking what he has not chosen but is similar to what he has chosen, and presenting it to him. | 《·》: | 夫子曰:“小子识之,苛政猛于虎也。” | The Master then said (to the disciples), 'Remember this, my little children. Oppressive government is more terrible than tigers.' | 《·》: | 民之外事,莫难于战,故轻法不可以备之。 | Of the external affairs of the people, there is nothing more difficult than warfare, so an easy law cannot bring them to it. | 《·》: | 天神之贵者,莫贵于青龙,或曰天一,或曰太阴。 | 《·》: | 曰:春秋之论事,莫重于志。 | 《·》: | 圣人深虑天下,莫贵于生。 |
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yú ㄩˊ (3.4): 介词,相当于“给”、“对”、“向”。 Preposition: to, for, towards.
《·》: | 程繁问于子墨子曰:“夫子曰:1‘圣王’” | Cheng Fan asked Mozi: "Sir, you say the sage-kings did not have music." | 《·》: | 子禽问于子贡曰:“夫子至于是邦也,必闻其政,求之与?” | Zi Qin asked Zi Gong, saying, "When our master comes to any country, he does not fail to learn all about its government. Does he ask his information?" | 《·》: | 昔者齐景公问于晏子曰:‘吾欲观于转附、朝儛,遵海而南,放于琅邪。’ | Formerly, the duke Jing of Qi asked the minister Yan, saying, "I wish to pay a visit of inspection to Zhuan Fu, and Chao Wu, and then to bend my course southward along the shore, till I come to Lang Xie." | 《·》: | 尧让天下于许由,曰:“日月出矣,而爝火不息,其于光也,不亦难乎!” | Yao, proposing to resign the throne to Xu You, said, 'When the sun and moon have come forth, if the torches have not been put out, would it not be difficult for them to give light?' | 《·》: | 诸侯使大夫问于诸侯曰聘,约信曰誓,莅牲曰盟。 | When one prince sends a great officer to ask about another, it is called 'a message of friendly inquiry.' When there is a binding to mutual faith, it is called 'a solemn declaration.' When they use a victim, it is called 'a covenant.' | 《·》: | 因问于群臣:“吾欲用兵,谁可伐者?” |
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yú ㄩˊ (3.5): 介词,相当于“被”。 Preposition: by (indicating passive tense).
《·》: | 子墨子言见染丝者而叹曰:“染于苍则苍,染于黄则黄。” | Watching a dyer of silk at work, Mozi sighed, saying: What is dyed in blue becomes blue, what is dyed in yellow becomes yellow. | 《》: | 郤克伤于矢。 | 《·》: | 墨子见染素丝者而叹曰:“染于苍则苍,染于黄则黄,所以入者变,其色亦变,五入而以为五色矣。” | 《》: | 及梁氏事败,宾客多坐之,唯众不染于辞。 |
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yú ㄩˊ (3.6): 介词,相当于“以”、“用”。 Preposition: with, using.
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yú ㄩˊ (3.7): 介词,相当于“由于”、“在于”。 Preposition: due to, because of.
《·》: | 然后知生于忧患而死于安乐也。 | From these things we see how life springs from sorrow and calamity, and death from ease and pleasure. |
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yú ㄩˊ (3.8): 介词,相当于“依据”、“按照”。 Preposition: by, according to.
《·》: | 于诸侯之约,大王当王关中,关中民咸知之。 | 《》: | 于诸侯之约,大王当王关中,关中民户知之。 | 《》: | 于诸侯之约。 |
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yú ㄩˊ (4): 连词,相当于“犹与”、“而”。 Connective: just as.
《·》: | 然于然。 | It is so because it is so. |
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yú ㄩˊ (5): 助词,无义。 Auxiliary word, no meaning.
《·》: | 于论鼓钟、于乐辟廱。 | In what unison were their sounds! What joy was there in the hall with its circlet of water! |
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