| Chinese Text Project |
| 犧 U+72A7 |  Seal script | 牺 Simplified character |
| Radical: | 牛+ 16 strokes = 20 strokes total. |
|---|---|
| References: | Guangyun: p.44#29 Kangxi: p.705#09 Cihai: p.872r5c06 GSR: 2.z Hanyu: v3,p1822#04 |
| Composition: | Left: 牛, right: 羲. |
| Mandarin: | xī suō ㄒㄧ ㄙㄨㄛ |
| Cantonese: | hei1 |
| Tang reconstruction: | xyɛ |
| Shuowen: | 《牛部》犧：宗廟之牲也。从牛羲聲。賈侍中說：此非古字。 |
| Guangyun: | 《廣韻·上平聲·支·犧》犧：犧牲書傳曰色純曰犧。許羈切，十九。 |
| Kangxi: | 《康熙字典·牛部·十六》犧：《唐韻》許羈切《集韻》《韻會》《正韻》虛宜切，𠀤音羲。《說文》宗廟之牲也。《書·微子》今殷民乃攘竊神祗之犧牷牲。《傳》色純曰犧。《疏》曲禮云：天子以犧牛。天子祭牲必用純色，故知色純曰犧也。《詩·小雅》以我齊明，與我犧羊，以社以方。又《魯頌》享以騂犧。《傳》犧，純也。《禮·曲禮》凡家造祭器爲先，犧賦爲次。《註》犧賦以次出牲。又《禮·禮器》犧尊疏布鼏。《疏》刻爲犧牛之形，用以爲尊。又《集韻》《韻會》《正韻》𠀤桑何切，音娑。《集韻》酒尊名。飾以翡翠。鄭司農說。《詩·魯頌》犧尊將將。《傳》犧尊，有沙飾也。《釋文》犧，素何反。《集韻》或作獻戲。 考證：〔《禮·禮器》犧尊疏布。〕謹照原文疏布下增鼏字。 |
| Fanqie: | 許羈 (《廣韻·上平聲·支·犧》) |
| Unihan definition: | sacrifice, give up; sacrificial |
Example usage
| 《孟子·滕文公下》: | 曰：『無以供犧牲也。』 |
| He replied, "I have no means of supplying the necessary victims." | |
| 《禮記·曲禮下》: | 凡家造：祭器為先，犧賦為次，養器為後。 |
| In all preparations of things by (the head of) a clan, the vessels of sacrifice should have the first place; the victims supplied from his revenue, the next; and the vessels for use at meals, the last. | |
| 《墨子·尚同中》: | 其事鬼神也，酒醴粢盛不敢不蠲潔，犧牲不敢不腯肥，珪璧幣帛不敢不中度量，春秋祭祀不敢失時幾，聽獄不敢不中，分財不敢不均，居處不敢怠慢。 |
| With purification and baths and clean wine and cakes they led the people to make sacrifice and libation to Heaven and the spirits. In such services to the spirits they dared not use wine and cakes that were unclean, sacrificial animals that were not fat, or jade and silk that did not satisfy the standard requirements. The proper time for the spring and autumn sacrifices they dared not miss. Judging lawsuits, they dared not be unjust. Distributing properties, they dared not be unfair. Even when at leisure they dared not be disrespectful. | |
| 《莊子·馬蹄》: | 故純樸不殘，孰為犧尊！ |
| If the raw materials had not been cut and hacked, who could have made a sacrificial vase from them? | |
| 《詩經·甫田》: | 以我齊明、與我犧羊、以社以方。 |
| With my vessels full of bright millet, And my pure victim-rams, We sacrificed to [the Spirits of] the land, and to [those of] the four quarters. | |
| 《尚書·微子》: | 今殷民乃攘竊神祇之犧牷牲用以容，將食無災。 |
| The people of Yin will now steal even the pure and perfect victims devoted to the spirits of heaven and earth; and their conduct is connived at, and though they proceed to eat the victims, they suffer no punishment. | |
| 《周易·繫辭下》: | 包犧氏沒，神農氏作，斲木為耜，揉木為耒，耒耨之利，以教天下，蓋取諸益。 |
| On the death of Bao-xi, there arose Shen-nong (in his place). He fashioned wood to form the share, and bent wood to make the plough-handle. The advantages of ploughing and weeding were then taught to all under heaven. The idea of this was taken, probably, from Yi (the forty-second hexagram). | |
| 《荀子·王制》: | 序官：宰爵知賓客、祭祀、響食犧牲之牢數。 |
| 《說苑·辨物》: | 對曰：「使太宰以祝史率狸姓，奉犧牲粢盛玉帛往獻焉，無有祈也。」 |
| 《春秋繁露》: | 天統氣始蛻化物，物始芽，其色白，故朝正服白，首服藻白，正路輿質白，大節綬幟尚白，旗白，大寶玉白，郊牲白，犧牲角繭。 |
| 《大戴禮記》: | 宗廟曰芻豢，山川曰犧牷，割列禳瘞，是有五牲。 |
| 《新書·道德說》: | 莫不慕福，弗能必得，而人心以為鬼神能與於利害，是故具犧牲俎豆粢盛，齋戒而祭鬼神，欲以佐成福，故曰祭祀鬼神，為此福者也。 |
| 《新序·善謀》: | 伏犧神農，教而不誅。 |
| 《孔子家語·相魯》: | 且犧象不出門，嘉樂不野合。 |
| 《論衡·齊世》: | 故夫宓犧之前，人民至質朴，臥者居居，坐者于于，群居聚處，知其母不識其父。 |
| 《風俗通義·雄雞》: | 謹按：《春秋左氏傳》：「周大夫賓孟適郊，見雄雞自斷其尾，歸以告景王曰：『憚其為犧也。』」 |
| 《申鑒·俗嫌》: | 故精以底之，犧牲玉帛，以昭祈請，吉朔以通之。 |
| 《新語·辨惑》: | 臣聞嘉樂不野合，犧象之薦不下堂。 |
| 《獨斷·卷上》: | 上古天子庖犧氏、神農氏稱皇。 |
| 《蔡中郎集·獨斷》: | 虙犧為太昊氏，炎帝為神農氏，黃帝為軒轅氏，少昊為金天氏，顓頊為高陽氏，帝嚳為高辛氏，帝堯為陶唐氏，帝舜為有虞氏，夏禹為夏后氏，湯為殷商氏，武王為周，高祖為漢。 |
| 《列子·黃帝》: | 庖犧氏、女媧氏、神農氏、夏后氏，蛇身人面，牛首虎鼻。 |
| 《鶡冠子·王鈇》: | 夫以效末傳之子孫，唯此可持，唯此可將，將者養吉，釋者不祥，墠以全犧，正以齋明，四時享之，祀以家王，以為神享，禮靈之符，藏之宗廟，以璽正諸。 |
| 《文子·精誠》: | 虙犧氏之王天下，枕方寢繩，殺秋約冬，負方州，抱員天，陰陽所擁沈不通者竅理之，逆氣戾物傷民厚積者絕止之，其民童蒙不知西東，視瞑瞑，行蹎蹎，侗然自得，莫知其所由，浮游汎然，不知所本，罔養不知所如往，當此之時，禽獸蟲蛇無不懷其爪牙，藏其螫毒，功揆天地。 |
| 《慎子·逸文》: | 蒼頡在庖犧之前。 |
| 《管子·輕重己》: | 犧牲以彘，發號出令曰：「罰而勿賞，奪而勿予，罪獄誅而勿生，終歲之罪，毋有所赦，作衍牛馬之實在野者王」，天子之秋計也。 |
| 《尉繚子·治本》: | 野物不為犧牲，雜學不為通儒。 |
| 《周髀算經·卷上》: | 昔者周公問於商高曰：「竊聞乎大夫善數也，請問古者包犧立周天曆度。」 |
| 《淮南子·齊俗訓》: | 犧牛粹毛，宜於廟牲，其於以致雨，不若黑蜧。 |
| 《呂氏春秋·行論》: | 宋公肉袒執犧，委服告病，曰：「大國若宥圖之，唯命是聽。」 |
| 《史記·秦本紀》: | 以犧三百牢祠鄜畤。 |
| 《春秋左傳》: | 對曰，小惠未遍，民弗從也，公曰，犧牲玉帛，弗敢加也，必以信，對曰，小信未孚，神弗福也，公曰，小大之獄，雖不能察，必以情。 |
| 《國語·楚語下》: | 國于是乎蒸嘗，家于是乎嘗祀，百姓夫婦擇其令辰，奉其犧牲，敬其粢盛，潔其糞除，慎其采服，禋其酒醴，帥其子姓，從其時享，虔其宗祝，道其順辭，以昭祀其先祖，肅肅濟濟，如或臨之。 |
| 《晏子春秋》: | 召會譴、梁丘據、晏子而問焉，曰：「寡人之病病矣，使史固與祝佗巡山川宗廟，犧牲珪璧，莫不備具，數其常多先君桓公，桓公一則寡人再。」 |
| 《越絕書·吳內傳》: | 夏啟獻犧於益。 |
| 《戰國策》: | 其犧曰：『公勿憂也，吾已為藥酒以待之矣。』 |
| 《漢書·敘傳上》: | 周、賈盪而貢憤兮，齊死生與禍福，抗爽言以矯情兮，信畏犧而忌服。 |
| 《前漢紀》: | 放散稟犧官錢數十萬。 |
| 《東觀漢記·虞延》: | 延占拜可觀，其園陵樹纠皆諳其數，俎豆犧牲，頗曉其禮。 |
| 《後漢書·天文上》: | 庖犧氏之王天下，仰則觀象於天，俯則觀法於地。 |
| 《古三墳》: | 伏犧氏、燧人子也，因風而生，故風姓。 |
| 《周禮·地官司徒》: | 凡祭祀，共其犧牲，以授充人系之。 |
You can examine all occurrences of this character or phrase in Pre-Qin and Han texts or Post-Han texts on the site.
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