Chinese Text Project |
馬 U+99AC | Seal script | Jinwen | Jiaguwen | Jianbo | 马 Simplified character | 𢒗 Semantic variant | 𢒠 Semantic variant | 𩡬 Semantic variant |
Radical: | 馬+ 0 strokes = 10 strokes total. |
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References: | Guangyun: p.307#28 Kangxi: p.1433#01 Cihai: p.1499r1c01 GSR: 40.a Hanyu: v7,p4539#01 |
Composition: | Component of: 𩡨 馮 傌 馱 𠖖 𮩲 獁 𩡪 𩡭 𩡫 𩡮 𫨑 䭴 𩡯 𩡩 馭 𩡵 𩡲 馯 𩡶 [More] |
Mandarin: | mǎ ㄇㄚˇ |
Cantonese: | maa5 |
Tang reconstruction: | *mǎ |
Shuowen: | 《馬部》馬:怒也。武也。象馬頭髦尾四足之形。凡馬之屬皆从馬。 |
Guangyun: | 《廣韻·上聲·馬·馬》馬:說父曰怒也,武也,象頭髦尾四足之形尚書中𠋫曰稷爲大司馬。《釋名》云:大司馬馬武也,大揔武事也,亦姓扶風人本自伯益之裔趙奢封馬服君後遂氏焉秦滅趙徙奢孫興於咸陽爲右内史遂爲扶風人又漢複姓五氏漢馬宫本姓馬矢氏功臣表有馬適育溝洫志有諫議大夫乗馬延年何氏姓苑云今西陽人孔子弟子有巫馬期風俗通有白馬氏。莫下切,七。 |
Kangxi: | 《康熙字典·馬部·馬部》馬:〔古文〕𢒠𩡬𢒗《唐韻》《正韻》莫下切《集韻》《韻會》母下切,𠀤麻上聲。《說文》怒也,武也。象馬頭髦尾四足之形。《玉篇》黃帝臣相乗馬。馬,武獸也,怒也。《正韻》乗畜。生於午,稟火氣。火不能生木,故馬有肝無膽。膽,木之精氣也。木臓不足,故食其肝者死。《易·說卦傳》乾爲馬。《疏》乾象天,天行健,故爲馬。《春秋·說題辭》地精爲馬。《春秋·考异記》地生月精爲馬。月數十二,故馬十二月而生。《周禮·夏官·馬質》掌質馬,馬量三物,一曰戎馬二曰田馬三曰駑馬,皆有物賈。又《校人》掌王馬,辨六馬之屬。凡大祭祀,朝觐,會同,毛馬而頒之。凡軍事,物馬而頒之。註:毛馬齊其色。物馬齊其力。又《趣馬》掌贊正良馬。又《巫馬》掌養疾馬而乗治之,相醫而藥攻馬疾。又《廋人》掌十二閑之政敎以阜馬。《圉人》掌芻牧以役圉師。又司馬,官名。《周禮·夏官·大司馬註》謂總武事也。又《淸夜錄》漢制,卿駟馬右騑。《前漢·東方朔傳》太守,駟馬駕車,一馬行春。《衞宏·輿服志》諸侯四馬,駙以一馬。《南史·柳元策傳》兄弟五人,𠀤爲太守。時人語曰:柳氏門庭,五馬逶迤。《正字通》故今太守稱五馬大夫。又田野浮氣曰野馬。《莊子·逍遙遊》野馬也,塵埃也,生物之以息相吹也。《註》日光也。一曰遊絲水氣。又陽馬。《何晏·景福殿賦》承以陽馬,接以圓方。《註》陽馬,屋四角引出承短椽者,連接或圓或方也。又投壺勝算曰馬。《禮·投壺》爲勝者立馬,一馬從二馬,三馬旣立,請慶多馬。《註》立馬者,取算以爲馬,表其勝之數也。謂算爲馬者,馬爲威武之用,投壺及射,皆以習武也。又《字彙補》打馬,彈碁類也。朱李易安有打馬圖。又地名。馬陘,齊邑。馬陵,鄭地。𠀤見《左傳》。又天馬,獸名。有翼能飛。又竈馬,蟲名。《酉陽雜俎》狀似促織,好穴竈旁。今俗呼竈雞。又馬勃,草名。《正字通》生濕地腐木上,一名馬疕。韓愈所云牛溲馬勃,兼收𠀤蓄是也。又海馬,魚名。牙骨堅瑩,文理細如絲,可制爲器。又姓。《姓苑》本伯益之後,趙奢封馬服君,遂氏焉。又司馬、巫馬、乗馬,皆複姓。《前漢·溝洫志》諫大夫乗馬延年。《孟康曰》乗馬,姓也。又《風俗通》有白馬氏。又馬流。《兪益期曰》馬援立銅柱,岸北有遺兵,居壽冷岸,南對銅柱,悉姓馬,號曰馬流。《方隅勝略》謂馬人散處南海,謂之馬流。《韓愈詩》衙時龍戸集,上日馬人來。《註》卽馬流也。一作馬留。又門名。《前漢·項籍傳註》宮垣內兵衞所在,四面皆有司馬,以主事,故總稱司馬門。又《公孫弘傳註》武帝時,相馬者東門京作銅馬法,立於魯般門外,更名金馬門。又亭名。謝靈運爲永嘉太守,以五馬自隨,立五馬亭。又《集韻》滿補切,音姥。義同。《前漢·石慶傳》馬字與尾當五。《師古曰》馬字,下曲者尾,幷四點爲足,凡五。 考證:〔《周禮·夏官·校人》掌王馬,辨六馬之屬。又《趣馬》掌贊正良馬。又《巫馬》掌養疾馬而乗治之,相醫而藥攻馬疾。又《馬質》掌質馬,馬量三物。一曰戎馬,二曰田馬,三曰駑馬。皆有物賈。又《廋人》掌十二閑之政敎以阜馬。《圉人》掌芻牧以役圉師。凡太祭祀,朝覲,會同,毛馬而頒之。凡軍事,物馬而頒之。《註》毛馬,齊其色。物馬,齊其力。〕謹照原文次序改為:周禮夏官馬質掌質馬,馬量三物,一曰戎馬二曰田馬三曰駑馬,皆有物賈。又校人掌王馬,辨六馬之屬。凡大祭祀,朝觐,會同,毛馬而頒之。凡軍事,物馬而頒之。註毛馬齊其色。物馬齊其力。又《趣馬》掌贊正良馬。又《巫馬》掌養疾馬而乗治之,相醫而藥攻馬疾。又《廋人》掌十二閑之政敎以阜馬。《圉人》掌芻牧以役圉師。〔《姓苑》本伯益之後,超奢封馬服君,遂氏焉。〕謹照原文超奢改趙奢。原版已改。 |
Fanqie: | 莫下 (《廣韻·上聲·馬·馬》) |
Unihan definition: | horse; surname; KangXi radical 187 |
CTP Dictionary
[Show proper names]Example usage
《論語·為政》: | 至於犬馬,皆能有養。 |
But dogs and horses likewise are able to do something in the way of support. | |
《孟子·盡心上》: | 孟子曰:「王子宮室、車馬、衣服多與人同,而王子若彼者,其居使之然也。」 |
Mencius said, 'The residence, the carriages and horses, and the dress of the king's son, are mostly the same as those of other men. That he looks so is occasioned by his position.' | |
《禮記·投壺》: | 比投不釋,勝飲不勝者,正爵既行,請為勝者立馬,一馬從二馬,三馬既立,請慶多馬。 |
'If you throw a second (without waiting for your opponent to pitch), it is not reckoned.' The victor gives the vanquished a cup to drink; and when the cups of decision have been dispatched, the superintendent begs to set up what he calls 'a horse' for the victor. If he set up one horse, then a second, and finally a third, he begs to congratulate the thrower on the number of his horses. | |
《揚子法言》: | 睎驥之馬,亦驥之乘也。 |
A horse that looks up to a thoroughbred is a worthy harness-mate for a thoroughbred. | |
《莊子·逍遙遊》: | 野馬也,塵埃也,生物之以息相吹也 |
(But similar to this is the movement of the breezes which we call) the horses of the fields, of the dust (which quivers in the sunbeams), and of living things as they are blown against one another by the air. | |
《道德經》: | 天下有道,卻走馬以糞。 |
When the Dao prevails in the world, they send back their swift horses to (draw) the dung- carts. | |
《商君書·去強》: | 強國知十三數:境內倉口之數,壯男壯女之數,老弱之數,官士之數,以言說取食者之數,利民之數,馬牛芻藁之數。 |
A strong country knows thirteen figures: the number of granaries within its borders, the number of able-bodied men and of women, the number of old and of weak people, the number of officials and of officers, the number of those making a livelihood by talking, the number of useful people, the number of horses and of oxen, the quantity of fodder and of straw. | |
《孫子兵法·作戰》: | 國之貧于師者遠輸,遠輸則百姓貧,近于師者貴賣,貴賣則百姓財竭,財竭則急于丘役,力屈財殫,中原內虛于家,百姓之費,十去其七,公家之費,破車罷馬,甲冑矢弩,戟楯蔽櫓,丘牛大車,十去其六。 |
Poverty of the State exchequer causes an army to be maintained by contributions from a distance. Contributing to maintain an army at a distance causes the people to be impoverished. On the other hand, the proximity of an army causes prices to go up; and high prices cause the people's substance to be drained away. When their substance is drained away, the peasantry will be afflicted by heavy exactions. With this loss of substance and exhaustion of strength, the homes of the people will be stripped bare, and three-tenths of their income will be dissipated; while government expenses for broken chariots, worn-out horses, breast-plates and helmets, bows and arrows, spears and shields, protective mantles, draught-oxen and heavy wagons, will amount to four-tenths of its total revenue. | |
《史記·五帝本紀》: | 黃收純衣,彤車乘白馬。 |
He wore a yellow hat and plain silk dress, and drove a red car drawn by white horses. | |
《荀子·大略》: | 貨財曰賻,輿馬曰賵,衣服曰襚,玩好曰贈,玉貝曰唅。 |
《說苑·君道》: | 當堯之時,舜為司徒,契為司馬,禹為司空,后稷為田疇,夔為樂正,倕為工師,伯夷為秩宗,皋陶為大理,益掌敺禽,堯體力便巧不能為一焉,堯為君而九子為臣,其何故也? |
《春秋繁露·竹林》: | 司馬子反為其君使。 |
《韓詩外傳·卷一》: | 子貢乘肥馬,衣輕裘,中紺而表素,軒不容巷,而往見之。 |
《大戴禮記·夏小正》: | 頒馬。 |
《白虎通德論·社稷》: | 《論語》曰:「季路使子羔為費宰,曰:『有民人馬,有社稷焉。』」 |
《新書·耳痺》: | 大夫種拊心嗥啼,沬泣而言信,割白馬而為犧,指九天而為證,請婦人為妾,丈夫為臣,百世名寶,因閒官為積,孤身為關內諸侯,世為忠臣 |
《新序·善謀下》: | 周之先自后稷,堯封之邰,積德累善十餘世,公嬌避桀居邠,大王以狄伐去邠,杖馬策居岐國,人爭歸之,及文王為西伯,斷虞芮訟,始受命,呂望、伯夷自海濱來歸之,武王伐紂,不期而會孟津上八百諸侯,滅殷,成王即位,周公之屬傅相,乃營成周雒邑,以為天下中,諸侯四方,納貢職道里均矣。 |
《中論·治學》: | 馬雖有逸足,而不閑輿,則不為良駿 |
《孔子家語·相魯》: | 古者諸侯竝出疆,必具官以從,請具左右司馬。 |
《潛夫論·遏利》: | 季文子相四君,馬不餼粟,妾不衣帛。 |
《論衡·命祿》: | 夫命富之人,筋力自彊,命貴之人,才智自高,若千里之馬,頭目蹄足自相副也。 |
《太玄經·羡》: | 上九,車軸折,其衡抈,四馬就括,高人吐血。 |
《風俗通義》: | 曰:「犬馬最難,鬼魅最易。」 |
《孔叢子·嘉言》: | 馬方駭鼓而驚之,繫方絕重而填之。 |
《申鑒·政體》: | 自近御遠,猶夫御馬焉,和於手而調於銜,則可以使馬。 |
《新語·道基》: | 於是奚仲乃橈曲為輪,因直為轅,駕馬服牛,浮舟杖楫,以代人力。 |
《獨斷·卷上》: | 車馬、衣服、器械百物曰「乘輿」,所在曰「行在所」,所居曰「禁中」,後曰「省中」。 |
《蔡中郎集·獨斷》: | 樊噲冠,漢將軍樊噲造次所冠,以入項籍營,廣七寸,前出四寸,司馬殿門大護衛士服之。 |
《墨子·經說下》: | 異則或謂之牛,牛或謂之馬也。 |
《列子·天瑞》: | 羊肝化為地皋,馬血之為轉鄰也,人血之為野火也。 |
《鶡冠子·天權》: | 夫蚊虻墜乎千仞之谿,乃始翱翔而成其容,牛馬墜焉,碎而無形。 |
《文子·道原》: | 老子曰:大丈夫恬然無思,惔然無慮,以天為蓋,以地為車,以四時為馬,以陰陽為御,行乎無路,遊乎無怠,出乎無門。 |
《文始真經·四符》: | 殊不知我之生死,如馬之手,如牛之翼,本無有,復無無。 |
《列仙傳·馬師皇》: | 馬師皇者,黃帝時馬醫也。 |
《老子河上公章句》: | 卻走馬以糞,糞者,糞田也。 |
《韓非子·初見秦》: | 然則是趙舉,趙舉則韓亡,韓亡則荊、魏不能獨立,荊、魏不能獨立則是一舉而壞韓、蠹魏、拔荊,東以弱齊、燕,決白馬之口以沃魏氏,是一舉而三晉亡,從者敗也。 |
《慎子·威德》: | 夫投鉤以分財,投策以分馬,非鉤策為均也。 |
《諫逐客書》: | 今陛下致昆山之玉,有隨、和之寶,垂明月之珠,服太阿之劍,乘纖離之馬,建翠鳳之旗,樹靈鼉之鼓。 |
《管子·輕重己》: | 犧牲以彘,發號出令曰:「罰而勿賞,奪而勿予,罪獄誅而勿生,終歲之罪,毋有所赦,作衍牛馬之實在野者王」,天子之秋計也。 |
《公孫龍子·跡府》: | 假物取譬,以「守白」辯,謂白馬為非馬也。 |
《吳子·料敵》: | 力輕扛鼎,足輕戎馬,搴旗斬將,必有能者。 |
You can examine all occurrences of this character or phrase in Pre-Qin and Han texts or Post-Han texts on the site.
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