| Chinese Text Project | |
| Simplified Chinese version |
| 國 U+570B |  Seal script |  Jinwen |  Jianbo | 䆐 Semantic variant | 囗 Semantic variant | 囯 Semantic variant | 囶 Semantic variant | 国 Simplified character | 圀 Alternate form Semantic variant | 國 Semantic variant Semantic variant | 𢧌 Semantic variant |
| Radical: | 囗+ 8 strokes = 11 strokes total. |
|---|---|
| References: | Guangyun: p.530#39 Kangxi: p.219#16 Cihai: p.303r4c02 GSR: 929.o Hanyu: v1,p0720#09 |
| Composition: | Outside: 囗, center: 或. Component of: 𬿓 帼 𤡓 𫱣 慖 掴 漍 𢐚 𪤑 𢠝 嘓 𭍲 爴 膕 槶 𪼓 𢧷 𣂽 𤎍 𤔩 [More] |
| Mandarin: | guó ㄍㄨㄛˊ |
| Cantonese: | gwok3 |
| Tang reconstruction: | *guək |
| Shuowen: | 《囗部》国：邦也。从囗从或。 |
| Guangyun: | 《广韵·入声·德·国》国：邦国又姓太公之后左传齐有国氏代爲上卿。古或切，一。 |
| Kangxi: | 《康熙字典·囗部·八》国：〔古文〕囗囶圀𢧌䆐《唐韵》古或切《集韵》骨或切，𠀤觥入声。《说文》邦也。《周礼·夏官·量人》掌建国之法，以分国爲九州。又《冬官·考工记》匠人营国，旁三门，国中九经九纬，经涂九轨，左祖右社，面朝后市。《礼·王制》五国以爲属，十国以爲连，二十国以爲卒，二百一十国以爲州。《孟子》大国，地方百里，次国，地方七十里，小国，地方五十里。又《周礼·地官·掌节》山国用虎节，土国用人节，泽国用龙节。《注》山国多山者，土国平地也，泽国多水者。又灭人之国曰胜国。《左传注》胜国者，绝其社稷，有其土地也。又九州之外曰外国。亦曰绝国。《后汉·班超传》君侯在外国三十馀年。《又》远处绝国。又两国相距曰敌国。《孟子》敌国不相征也。又外国来附者曰属国。《李陵·答苏武书》闻子之归位，不过典属国。《注》典，掌也。卽掌属国之事者。又城郭国，行国。《宋程大昌备北边对》汉西域诸国，有城郭国，有行国。城郭国，筑城爲守者，行国不立城，以马上爲国也。又姓。《姓苑》太公之后。齐有国氏，世爲上卿，宋有国卿。又囯,《正字通》俗国字。囻，同国，民国期间俗字。 |
| Fanqie: | 古或 (《广韵·入声·德·国》) |
| Unihan definition: | nation, country, nation-state |
CTP Dictionary
[Show proper names]Example usage
| 《论语·学而》: | 子曰：“道千乘之国：敬事而信，节用而爱人，使民以时。” |
| The Master said, "To rule a country of a thousand chariots, there must be reverent attention to business, and sincerity; economy in expenditure, and love for men; and the employment of the people at the proper seasons." | |
| 《孟子·尽心下》: | 征者上伐下也，敌国不相征也。 |
| "Correction" is when the supreme authority punishes its subjects by force of arms. Hostile States do not correct one another. | |
| 《礼记·奔丧》: | 过国至竟，哭尽哀而止。 |
| When he had passed through be state (where he was), and reached its frontier, he stopped and wailed, giving full vent to his sorrow. | |
| 《孝经·谏诤》: | 诸侯有争臣五人，虽无道，不失其国。 |
| If the prince of a state had five such ministers, though his measures might be equally wrong, he would not lose his state. | |
| 《扬子法言·序》: | 仲尼以来，国君将相，卿士名臣，参差不齐，一概诸圣，撰《重黎》。 |
| Since the time of Confucius, rulers of kingdoms, generals, chancellors, ministers, gentlemen, and famous officials have been variously and non-uniformly judged. I have uniformly judged them by the standards of the sage. Thus, I have written "Zhong and Li." | |
| 《墨子·小取》: | 居于国，则为居国。 |
| Living within a state is living in the state. | |
| 《庄子·逍遥游》: | 故夫知效一官，行比一乡，德合一君而徵一国者，其自视也亦若此矣。 |
| Thus it is that men, whose wisdom is sufficient for the duties of some one office, or whose conduct will secure harmony in some one district, or whose virtue is befitting a ruler so that they could efficiently govern some one state, are sure to look on themselves in this manner (like the quail). | |
| 《道德经》: | 爱民治国，能无知乎？ |
| In loving the people and ruling the state, cannot he proceed without any (purpose of) action? | |
| 《商君书·更法》: | 是以圣人苟可以强国，不法其故。 |
| Therefore a sage, if he is able to strengthen the state thereby, does not model himself on antiquity. | |
| 《孙子兵法·始计》: | 孙子曰：兵者，国之大事，死生之地，存亡之道，不可不察也。 |
| Sunzi said: The art of war is of vital importance to the State. It is a matter of life and death, a road either to safety or to ruin. Hence it is a subject of inquiry which can on no account be neglected. | |
| 《荀子·大略》: | 劫迫于暴国而无所辟之，则崇其善，扬其美，言其所长，而不称其所短也。 |
| 《说苑·君道》: | 其君归也，乃召其国大夫，告用天子之言，百姓闻之皆喜曰：“此诚天子也！” |
| 《春秋繁露·玉杯》: | 问者曰：人弑其君，重卿在而弗能讨者，非一国也。 |
| 《韩诗外传·卷一》: | 怀其宝而迷其国者，不可与语仁。 |
| 《大戴礼记·主言》: | 虽有国焉，不教不服，不可以取千里。 |
| 《白虎通德论·爵》: | 大国称侯，小者伯、子、男也。 |
| 《新书·修政语下》: | 周成王曰：“敢问治国之道若何？” |
| 《新序·善谋下》: | 留侯张子房曰：“雒阳虽有此固，国中小不过数百里，田地狭，四面受敌，此非用武之国。” |
| 《中论·治学》: | 学者、心之白日也，故先王立教官，掌教国子，教以六德，曰智、仁、圣、义、中、和，教以六行，曰孝、友、睦、婣、任、恤。 |
| 《孔子家语·相鲁》: | 定公谓孔子曰：“学子此法，鲁国何如？” |
| 《潜夫论·赞学》: | 箕子陈六极，《国风》歌《北门》，故所谓不忧贫也 |
| 《论衡·命义》: | 国命系于众星，列宿吉凶，国有祸福。 |
| 《太玄经·闲》: | 次八，赤臭播关，大君不闲，克国乘家。 |
| 《风俗通义》: | 重遭战国，约从连横，好恶殊心，真伪纷争。 |
| 《孔丛子·论书》: | 孔子曰：“劳能定国，功加于民，大臣死难，虽食之公庙可也。” |
| 《申鉴·政体》: | 天道在尔，惟帝茂止，陟降肤止，万国康止。 |
| 《忠经·天地神明章》: | 为国之本，何莫由忠！ |
| 《素书·安礼章》: | 危国无贤人，乱政无善人。 |
| 《新语·道基》: | 故虐行则怨积，德布则功兴，百姓以德附，骨肉以仁亲，夫妇以义合，朋友以义信，君臣以义序，百官以义承，曾、闵以仁成大孝，伯姬以义建至贞，守国者以仁坚固，佐君者以义不倾，君以仁治，臣以义平，乡党以仁恂恂，朝廷以义便便，美女以贞显其行，烈士以义彰其名，阳气以仁生，阴节以义降，《鹿鸣》以仁求其群，《关雎》以义鸣其雄，《春秋》以仁义贬绝，《诗》以仁义存亡，《乾》、《坤》以仁和合，《八卦》以义相承，《书》以仁叙九族，君臣以义制忠，《礼》以仁尽节，乐以礼升降。 |
| 《独断·卷上》: | 《春秋传》曰：“民之多幸，国之不幸也。” |
| 《蔡中郎集·独断》: | 帝谥：违拂不成曰隐，靖民则法曰黄，翼善传圣曰尧，仁圣盛明曰舜，残人多垒曰桀，残义损善曰纣，慈惠爱亲曰孝，爱民好与曰惠，圣善同文曰宣，声闻宣远曰昭，克定祸乱曰武，聪明睿智曰献，温柔圣善曰懿，布德执义曰穆，仁义说民曰元，安仁立政曰神，布纲治纪曰平，乱而不损曰灵，保民耆艾曰明，辟土有德曰襄，贞心大度曰匡，大虑慈民曰定，知过能改曰恭，不生其国曰声，一德不懈曰简，夙兴夜寐曰敬，清白自守曰贞，柔德好众曰靖，安乐治民曰康，小心畏忌曰僖，中身早折曰悼，慈仁和民曰顺，好勇致力曰庄，恭人短折曰哀，在国逢难曰愍，名实过爽曰缪，壅遏不通曰幽，暴虐无亲曰厉，致志大图曰景，辟土兼国曰桓，经纬天地曰文，执义扬善曰怀，短折不成曰殇，去礼远众曰炀，怠政外交曰携，治典不敷曰祈。 |
| 《列子·天瑞》: | 国君卿大夫眎之，犹众庶也。 |
| 《鶡冠子·天则》: | 知足以滑正，略足以恬祸，此危国之不可安，亡国之不可存也。 |
| 《文子·道原》: | 老子曰：夫人从欲失性，动未尝正也，以治国则乱，以治身则秽，故不闻道者，无以反其性，不通物者，不能清静。 |
| 《文始真经·五鉴》: | 生于齐者，心之所见，皆齐国也。 |
| 《列仙传·玄俗》: | 日月运行，四时分治，五星受制于太微，监无道之国，吉凶预见，以戒王者动静言语，应效相通，有自来矣。 |
| 《鬻子》: | 夫国者、卿相世贤者有之，有国无国智者治之，智者非一日之志，治者非一日之谋，而知所避。 |
| 《老子河上公章句》: | 是以圣人之治，说圣人治国与治身同也。 |
| 《韩非子·初见秦》: | 齐五战之国也，一战不克而无齐。 |
| 《申不害·大体》: | 故妒妻不难破家也，乱臣不难破国也。 |
| 《慎子·威德》: | 今也国无常道，官无常法，是以国家日缪。 |
You can examine all occurrences of this character or phrase in Pre-Qin and Han texts or Post-Han texts on the site.
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