Chinese Text Project Dictionary

Confucianism -> Liji -> Yue Ji -> 27

夫民有血氣心知之性，	Now, in the nature of men there are both the energy of their physical powers and the intelligence of the mind;
而無哀樂喜怒之常，	but for their (affections of) grief, pleasure, joy, and anger there are no invariable rules.
應感起物而動，	They are moved according to the external objects which excite them,
然後心術形焉。	and then there ensues the manifestation of the various faculties of the mind.
是故志微噍殺之音作，	Hence, when a (ruler's) aims are small, notes that quickly die away characterise the music,
而民思憂。	and the people's thoughts are sad;
嘽諧慢易、繁文簡節之音作，	when he is generous, harmonious, and of a placid and easy temper, the notes are varied and elegant, with frequent changes,
而民康樂。	and the people are satisfied and pleased;
粗厲猛起、奮末廣賁之音作，	when he is coarse, violent, and excitable, the notes, vehement at first and distinct in the end, are full and bold throughout the piece,
而民剛毅。	and the people are resolute and daring;
廉直、勁正、莊誠之音作，	when he is pure and straightforward, strong and correct, the notes are grave and expressive of sincerity,
而民肅敬。	and the people are self-controlled and respectful;
寬裕肉好、順成和動之音作，	when he is magnanimous, placid, and kind, the notes are natural, full, and harmonious,
而民慈愛。	and the people are affectionate and loving;
流辟邪散、狄成滌濫之音作，	when he is careless, disorderly, perverse, and dissipated, the notes are tedious and ill-regulated,
而民淫亂。	and the people proceed to excesses and disorder.

Character	Composition	Variants	Reading	Meaning	Hanyu	Kangxi	Cihai
夫	大+1		fū ㄈㄨ	General term for adult men. / Adult labourers in particular. / Soldier. / Respectful term for a man. / Husband. / Unit of area equal to one hundred mu.	v1,p0521#01	p.248#11	p.367r2c01
			fú ㄈㄨˊ	Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Modal particle used at the start of a sentence for emphasis or to indicate an assertion. / Modal particle used in the middle of a sentence to soften the tone. / Modal particle used at the end of a sentence to express exclamation.
民	氏+1	𠘽	mín ㄇㄧㄣˊ	people, subjects, citizens	v3,p2131#01	p.598#01	p.750r3c01
有	月+2		yǒu ㄧㄡˇ	Have, possess. / Store, collect. / Occupy. / Hold on to, retain. / Have in abundance. / Good harvest. / Obtain. / Only. / Be, exist. / Occur, happen. / Make. / Particle used before a noun with no meaning. / Particle used before a monosyllabic adjective with no meaning. / Particle used before a verb with no meaning. / Still, yet. / Some people. / Region.	v3,p2041#05	p.504#20	p.656r5c01
			yòu ㄧㄡˋ	Help, assist. / Same as 「又(3)」 yòu ㄧㄡˋ: Moreover.
血	血+0		xiě xuè ㄒㄧㄝˇ ㄒㄩㄝˋ	blood; radical number 143	v5,p3050#01	p.1107#01	p.1202r5c04
氣	气+6	気炁𣱛气	qì xì ㄑㄧˋ ㄒㄧˋ	air, gas, steam, vapor; spirit	v3,p2011#14	p.599#12	p.751r5c04
心	心+0	㣺忄	xīn ㄒㄧㄣ	heart; mind, intelligence; soul	v4,p2267#01	p.375#01	p.521r1c01
知	矢+3	𢇻𥎿	zhī ㄓ	Know, understand. / Perception. / Recognize. / Knowledge. / Know about, make sense of. / Be friendly with. / Control, get on top of.	v4,p2581#02	p.824#01	p.955r5c02
			zhì ㄓˋ	Wisdom.
之	丿+3	㞢	zhī ㄓ	Towards; go to. / Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Third person pronoun: him, her, it. / Auxiliary word: of. / Auxiliary word: used between subject and predicate, cancels independence of a clause. / Auxiliary word: used in a sentence for aesthetic purpose only, no meaning.	v1,p0043#01	p.82#04	p.47r2c02
性	心+5		xìng ㄒㄧㄥˋ	nature, character, sex	v4,p2286#04	p.381#24	p.527r1c01
而	而+0		ér ㄦˊ	Whiskers. / Like, similar to. / Pronoun: you. / Pronoun: this, like this. / Connective: and, with. / Connective: and, then. / Connective: if, supposing. / Connective: yet, however. / Connective: therefore, hence. / Connective: expresses method or state. / Particle: of. / Expressive particle.	v4,p2810#01	p.961#18	p.1080r2c03
			néng ㄋㄥˊ	Same as 「能(3)」 néng ㄋㄥˊ: Able to, competent. / Same as 「能(2.1)」 néng ㄋㄥˊ: Ability, talent.
無	火+8	𣟒𣚨𠘩无橆	wú ㄨˊ	Not have. / Philosophical category referring to absence, non-existence, or vacuity. / Adverb expressing negation: not. / Adverb expressing questioning: or not. / Connective: regardless of. / Connective: even if. / Particle used at the beginning of a sentence, no meaning. / Do not. / Barren, uncultivated.	v3,p2211#15	p.673#26	p.848r2c04
哀	口+6		āi ㄞ	sad, mournful, pitiful; pity	v1,p0620#10	p.188#11	p.270r4c01
樂	木+11	樂乐	yuè ㄩㄝˋ	Music. / Perform, play music. / Musical instrument. / The (now lost) classic of music. / Musician. / Yue, a surname.	v2,p1280#16	p.548#20	p.715r4c03
			lè ㄌㄜˋ	Happiness. / Make happy. / Fondness for, liking of. / Happy to, willing to. / Tranquil, contented. / Music and debauchery. / Le, a surname.
喜	口+9	憙憘𢐭歖	xǐ ㄒㄧˇ	like, love, enjoy; joyful thing	v1,p0649#02	p.199#05	p.283r6c03
怒	心+5	怒𢘂	nù ㄋㄨˋ	anger, rage, passion; angry	v4,p2282#03	p.380#08	p.525r5c06
常	巾+8		cháng ㄔㄤˊ	common, normal, frequent, regular	v1,p0744#01	p.333#12	p.477r2c01
應	心+13	応硬应	yīng yìng ㄧㄥㄧㄥˋ	should, ought to, must	v4,p2359#03	p.405#21	p.546r1c02
感	心+9	𢦡	gǎn ㄍㄢˇ	feel, perceive, emotion	v4,p2321#02	p.395#21	p.539r2c04
起	走+3	𨑓𡆡𨑔	qǐ ㄑㄧˇ	rise, stand up; go up; begin	v5,p3476#02	p.1215#15	p.1284r2c03
物	牛+4		wù ㄨˋ	thing, substance, creature	v3,p1805#03	p.699#09	p.869r5c01
動	力+9	㣫𨔝动	dòng ㄉㄨㄥˋ	move, happen; movement, action	v1,p0375#06	p.148#14	p.196r4c02
然	火+8	燃𤓉	rán ㄖㄢˊ	Burn. / Demonstrative pronoun: like this, like that. / Expresses affirmation: true, indeed so. / Believe correct, affirm. / Adverb: actually, thus. / Connective: but, however, yet. / Particle used at the end of a sentence to express comparison. Like, as if. / Particle used after an adjective or adverb to express state. / Particle used at the end of a sentence to express affirmative mode.	v3,p2213#05	p.675#12	p.852r5c01
後	彳+6	𨒥𢔏后	hòu ㄏㄡˋ	Behind, to the rear of. / To be left behind. / Later in time. / Future. / Descendents, offspring.	v2,p0822#03	p.366#18	p.511r2c01
術	行+5	术	shù ㄕㄨˋ	art, skill, special feat; method, technique	v2,p0826#13	p.1109#12	p.1206r4c02
形	彡+4		xíng ㄒㄧㄥˊ	Body, thing with form. / Human body. / Form, appearance. / Lay of the land. / Circumstances. / Condition, situation. / Form, create. / Exhibit, show. / Compare. / Mould, die. / Same as 「刑(4.1)」 xíng ㄒㄧㄥˊ: Law, rules of punishment. / Same as 「鉶」 xíng ㄒㄧㄥˊ: Porcelain soup bowl.	v2,p0852#10	p.363#06	p.507r4c01
焉	火+7		yān ㄧㄢ	Same as 「之(2)」 zhī ㄓ: Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Same as 「之(3)」 zhī ㄓ: Third person pronoun: him, her, it. / Demonstrative pronoun and modal particle: than this. / Interrogative pronoun: how, where. / Interrogative pronoun: what. / Connective: and, then. / Preposition: in. / Modal particle. / Adjectival or adverbal suffix.	v3,p2206#14	p.672#21	p.847r5c01
是	日+5	昰𣆞	shì ㄕˋ	Straight. / Right, correct. / Believe accurate, affirm. / Demonstrative pronoun: this. / Be (copula). / Auxiliary word, used after moving forward the object.	v2,p1497#05	p.493#26	p.639r1c01
故	攴+5		gù ㄍㄨˋ	Cause. / State of affairs. / Event, incident. / Plot. / Old. / Past, original. / Death. / On purpose. / Originally. / Hence, thus.	v2,p1453#05	p.469#25	p.601r5c01
志	心+3	誌𢗍志	zhì ㄓˋ	purpose, will, determination; annals	v4,p2269#04	p.376#21	p.523r3c03
微	彳+10		wēi wéi ㄨㄟㄨㄟˊ	small, prefix micro-, trifling	v2,p0837#10	p.370#12	p.517r2c04
噍	口+12		jiào jiāo ㄐㄧㄠˋ ㄐㄧㄠ	chew; eat; munch	v1,p0684#10	p.208#27	p.290r5c04
殺	殳+7	殺煞𢁛𢽅𢿹𢽆𢼡𢿔𧤿杀	shā ㄕㄚ	Kill. / Corrupt, ruin. / Die. / Fight, kill each other.	v3,p2157#01	p.585#11	p.743r4c02
			shài ㄕㄞˋ	Wither, decline. / Decrease, reduce us of. / Decline, fall.
			sà ㄙㄚˋ	Dim, gloomy appearance.
音	音+0		yīn yìn ㄧㄣㄧㄣˋ	sound, tone, pitch, pronunciation	v7,p4495#01	p.1396#25	p.1472r4c04
作	人+5	胙𢓓	zuò ㄗㄨㄛˋ	Arise, stand up. / Grow, flourish. / Begin. / Create, make. / Work, effort. / Serve as, work as. / When, at such time as.	v1,p0134#06	p.99#07	p.99r3c01
思	心+5	恖𠂺𡴓𢍄	sī sì sāi ㄙㄙˋ ㄙㄞ	think, consider, ponder; final particle	v4,p2280#04	p.381#04	p.526r1c02
憂	心+11	𠪍𨗫懮忧	yōu ㄧㄡ	sad, grieved; grief, melancholy	v4,p2341#14	p.401#26	p.543r1c06
嘽	口+12	啴	tān chǎn ㄊㄢㄔㄢˇ	pant; many	v1,p0683#05	p.207#34	p.290r4c05
諧	言+9	龤谐	xié ㄒㄧㄝˊ	harmonize, agree; joke, jest	v6,p3996#09	p.1170#11	p.1250r2c01
慢	心+11		màn ㄇㄢˋ	slow(ly), leisurely, sluggish	v4,p2346#01	p.399#12	p.542r1c04
易	日+4	易	yì ㄧˋ	change; easy	v2,p1494#01	p.492#03	p.633r6c01
繁	糸+11	緐	fán pó pán ㄈㄢˊ ㄆㄛˊ ㄆㄢˊ	complicated, complex, difficult	v5,p3444#03	p.937#01	p.1058r4c04
文	文+0	㒚穩	wén ㄨㄣˊ	Mixture of colours. / Decorative design. / Portray in words or pictures. / Adornment, embellishment. / External appearance. / Characters, words. / Books, works. / Confucian doctrine. / Civilian, non-military. / Drum (musical instrument). / Measure word for money.	v3,p2169#01	p.477#01	p.608r4c02
			wèn ㄨㄣˋ	Adorn, embellish. / Conceal, gloss over.
簡	竹+12	耕简	jiǎn ㄐㄧㄢˇ	simple, terse, succinct; letter	v5,p3017#15	p.899#14
節	竹+7	罇卩节	jié jiē ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄐㄧㄝ	knot, node, joint; section	v5,p2976#04	p.891#24	p.1018r1c03
康	广+8	𠭳	kāng ㄎㄤ	peaceful, quiet; happy, healthy	v2,p0891#01	p.347#27	p.490r1c01
粗	米+5	麄麤觕	cū ㄘㄨ	rough, thick, course; rude	v5,p3144#13	p.907#37	p.1025r5c01
厲	厂+13	历禲厉	lì ㄌㄧˋ	whetstone; grind, sharpen; whet	v1,p0077#17	p.163#09	p.231r3c41
猛	犬+8	𠩜	měng ㄇㄥˇ	violent, savage, cruel; bold	v2,p1354#22	p.713#26	p.877r3c01
奮	大+13	奋	fèn ㄈㄣˋ	strive, exert effort; arouse	v1,p0550#03	p.254#09	p.375r5c04
末	木+1		mò ㄇㄛˋ	final, last, end; insignificant	v2,p1150#02	p.509#06	p.665r6c01
廣	广+12	广	guǎng ㄍㄨㄤˇ	broad, wide, extensive	v2,p0897#04	p.351#03	p.493r4c01
賁	貝+5	贲	bì bēn féi fén fèn ㄅㄧˋ ㄅㄣㄈㄟˊ ㄈㄣˊ ㄈㄣˋ	forge ahead; energetic; surname	v6,p3630#04	p.1207#14	p.1274r2c03
剛	刀+8	𠜛𠇝𠇙刚	gāng ㄍㄤ	hard, tough, rigid, strong	v1,p0344#10	p.141#11	p.186r1c03
毅	殳+11		yì ㄧˋ	resolute, decisive, firm, persist	v3,p2165#05	p.587#14	p.744r6c01
廉	广+10	廉磏槏𢋯𢉧	lián ㄌㄧㄢˊ	upright, honorable, honest	v2,p0896#01	p.349#08	p.491r5c01
直	目+3	𣓟𣖴	zhí ㄓˊ	straight, erect, vertical	v1,p0061#07	p.800#05
勁	力+7	俓劲	jìn jìng ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄐㄧㄥˋ	strong, unyielding, tough, powerful	v1,p0371#04	p.147#25	p.195r1c08
正	止+1	㱏𣥔𤴓𧾸	zhèng ㄓㄥˋ	Straight, not at an angle. / Appropriate. / Normal. / Decent, upstanding. / Fix, determine. / Govern, rule. / Set punishments. / Formal, primary. / Pure, unadulterated. / Son by one's official wife. / Luckily, fortuitously. / Expresses continuation of an action or state. / Officer. / Only. / Government, state affairs. / Prove, verify.	v2,p1436#01	p.574#02	p.732r5c02
			zhēng ㄓㄥ	First month in the Chinese calander. / Centre of a target. / Attack, punitive expedition.
莊	艸+7	荘㽵𤖄𤖈𦻊𠗎𤕶庄	zhuāng ㄓㄨㄤ	village, hamlet; villa; surname	v5,p3226#05	p.1033#22	p.1140r1c01
誠	言+6	诚	chéng ㄔㄥˊ	sincere, honest; true, real	v6,p3963#05	p.1163#12	p.1246r2c01
肅	聿+7	粛𦘡䏋𢙻肃	sù ㄙㄨˋ	Respectfully usher in. / Respect, respectful. / Bow deeply. / Solemn, grave. / Severe, harsh. / Upright. / Fade, wither. / Quick, fast.	v5,p3169#04	p.971#11	p.1087r4c02
敬	攴+9	𣀖𢿩	jìng ㄐㄧㄥˋ	respect, honor; respectfully	v2,p1466#02	p.473#35	p.606r5c02
寬	宀+12	寛完宽	kuān ㄎㄨㄢ	broad, wide; spacious, vast	v2,p0947#01	p.292#06	p.430r4c01
裕	衣+7		yù ㄩˋ	abundant, rich, plentiful	v5,p3094#13	p.1117#16	p.1213r6c02
肉	肉+0	宍	ròu rù ㄖㄡˋ ㄖㄨˋ	flesh; meat; KangXi radical 130	v5,p2931#01	p.973#01	p.1088r2c01
好	女+3	𡥆𡚽𩐔	hǎo ㄏㄠˇ	Attractive appearance. / Wonderful, beautiful. / Healthy, fit. / Excellent. / Harmonious. / Complete. / In order to. / Adverb: very. / Adverb: many or long.	v2,p1028#01	p.255#11	p.378r1c03
			hào ㄏㄠˋ	Like, find pleasing. / Hole in a piece of jade or a coin..
順	頁+3	㥧巡𠈼顺	shùn ㄕㄨㄣˋ	obey, submit to, go along with	v7,p4357#05	p.1399#17	p.1475r3c01
成	戈+2	𢦩	chéng ㄔㄥˊ	completed, finished, fixed	v2,p1399#01	p.411#11
和	口+5	龢咊惒	hé huò huó hè ㄏㄜˊ ㄏㄨㄛˋ ㄏㄨㄛˊ ㄏㄜˋ	harmony, peace; peaceful, calm	v1,p0602#01	p.185#01	p.267r3c01
慈	心+10	㤵	cí ㄘˊ	kind, charitable, benevolent	v4,p2324#03	p.397#25
愛	心+9	𤔤𢟪𢛭爱	ài ㄞˋ	love, be fond of, like	v4,p2323#01	p.395#13	p.538r1c01
流	水+6	流㳅	liú ㄌㄧㄡˊ	flow, circulate, drift; class	v3,p1631#12	p.623#04	p.791r1c02
辟	辛+6	避𠈳𠊸	pì pī bì mǐ ㄆㄧˋ ㄆㄧㄅㄧˋ ㄇㄧˇ	law, rule; open up, develop	v6,p4037#08	p.1251#06	p.1309r1c02
邪	邑+4	耶	xié ㄒㄧㄝˊ	Wicked, evil. / Wicked or evil person. / Evil or demonic things. / Cause of illness. / Lean, slant.	v6,p3758#04	p.1269#14	p.1336r5c01
			yú ㄩˊ	Excess.
			xú ㄒㄩˊ	Slow, slow moving.
			yé ㄧㄝˊ	Particle expressing questioning or a rhetorical question. / Particle expressing assertion.
散	攴+8	枚	sàn sǎn ㄙㄢˋ ㄙㄢˇ	scatter, disperse, break up	v2,p1465#15	p.472#34	p.605r4c03
狄	犬+4		dí tì ㄉㄧˊ ㄊㄧˋ	tribe from northern china; surnam	v2,p1337#01	p.707#24	p.874r2c02
滌	水+11	涤	dí ㄉㄧˊ	wash, cleanse, purify; sweep	v3,p1700#03	p.642#20	p.823r2c01
濫	水+14	滥	làn jiàn lǎn lán ㄌㄢˋ ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄌㄢˇ ㄌㄢˊ	flood, overflow; excessive	v3,p1766#09	p.657#03	p.836r6c03
淫	水+8	婬㸒	yín yàn yáo ㄧㄣˊ ㄧㄢˋ ㄧㄠˊ	obscene, licentious, lewd	v3,p1654#04	p.631#09	p.805r2c03
亂	乙+12	𠧎𠧏𠮗乱	luàn ㄌㄨㄢˋ	Chaos, disorder. / Confusion, confused state of mind. / Turmoil, unrest, revolt. / Rebellion, uprising. / Disturb, corrupt. / Lecherous, wicked. / Confuse, mix up. / Rule, administer. / Traverse, cross. / Reach, pass. / Last section of a piece of music. / Last words of a piece of writing. / Complete, finish.	v1,p0057#10	p.84#33	p.57r5c01

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