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Confucianism -> Lunheng -> Autobiography -> 9

充書不能純美。或曰：「口無擇言，筆無擇文。文必麗以好，言必辯以巧。言瞭於耳，則事味於心；文察於目，則篇留於手。故辯言無不聽，麗文無不寫。今新書既在論譬，說俗為戾，又不美好，於觀不快。蓋師曠調音，曲無不悲；狄牙和膳，肴無澹味。然則通人造書，文無瑕穢。《呂氏》、《淮南》，懸於市門，觀讀之者，無訾一言。今無二書之美，文雖眾盛，猶多譴毀。」荅曰：夫養實者不育華，調行者不飾辭。豐草多華英，茂林多枯枝。為文欲顯白其為，安能令文而無譴毀？救火拯溺，義不得好；辯論是非，言不得巧。入澤隨龜，不暇調足；深淵捕蛟，不暇定手。言姦辭簡，指趨妙遠；語甘文峭，務意淺小。稻穀千鍾，糠皮太半；閱錢滿億，穿決出萬。大羹必有澹味，至寶必有瑕穢，大簡必有大好，良工必有不巧。然則辯言必有所屈，通文猶有所黜。言金由貴家起，文糞自賤室出。《淮南》、《呂氏》之無累害，所由出者，家富官貴也。夫貴、故得懸於市，富、故有千金副。觀讀之者，惶恐畏忌，雖見乖不合，焉敢譴一字？ Wang Chong's book cannot be free from imperfection. Some say that in speaking he does not choose the words, nor in writing, the phrases. Compositions must be tastefully written, and discussions ingeniously conducted. When such words strike the ear, they cause a pleasant feeling in the heart, and when the eye falls on writing, the hand does not lay the book aside again. Such disputations are always listened to, and excellent compositions always appreciated. Now, since this new book chiefly consists of comparisons and strictures on the depravity of the age, and does not praise what is good, it does not please the reader. The tunes played by the music-master Kuang were always full of feeling, and the delicacies prepared by Yi Di and Yi Ya were never tasteless. When a clever man writes a book, it is without a flaw. Lu Shi and Huai Nan made an advertisement on the market gates, and the readers did not find fault with one word in their books. Now the Lun-heng does not possess the beauties of these two books. It is long enough, but open to objections in many respects. In reply I beg to state that he who cherishes veracity does not trouble much about beauty, and that regulating the conduct, he does not polish his words. Luxuriant grass has often abundance of blossoms, and mighty forests have many dry branches. The purport of words is to clearly show the nature of things, how can they be polished and above all censure? Saving a man from fire or out of water, we do not care, whether we do it in a beautiful style or not, and, when we debate on a question, our words must not necessarily be ingenious. Plunging into a lake to seize turtles, we have no time to think, whether we place our feet right, and catching dragons in deep water, we have no time to care for the position of our hands. In spite of bad style and faulty terms the meaning may be excellent and far reaching sometimes, and sweet words and beautiful expressions give often a very poor sense. When a thousand chung of grain are cleansed, more than half are husks, and examining a hundred thousand cash, one finds that the broken coins exceed ten thousand. Fine soups are often insipid, and the best jewels have their flaws. A slip-shod production may possess great beauties, and a great artist do very second-rate work. Every discussion has its weak points, and in the ablest production some deficiencies can be detected. Golden words come from noble houses, and foul productions from poor families, they think.--- Huai Nan Tse and Lu Shi did not encounter any difficulties, because they were descendants of rich houses and of high rank. Since they were noble, they could well advertise on the market place, and being so wealthy, they could easily make the alternate promise of a thousand chin. Their readers were intimidated and in awe, and would never have ventured to criticise one character, even if it had been quite out of place.

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