Chinese Text Project Dictionary

Chinese Text Project	Chinese Text Project
	Simplified Chinese version

Mohism -> Mozi -> Book 4 -> Universal Love III -> 11

意以为难而不可为邪？	Is it because it is hard and impracticable?
尝有难此而可为者。	There are instances of even much harder tasks done.
昔荆灵王好小要，	Formerly, Lord Ling of the state of Jing liked slender waists.
当灵王之身，	In his time
荆国之士饭不逾乎一，	people in the state of Jing ate not more than once a day.
固据而后兴，	They could not stand up without support,
扶垣而后行。	and could not walk without leaning against the wall.
故约食为其难为也，	Now, limited diet is quite hard to endure,
然后为而灵王说之，	and yet it was endured. While Lord Ling encouraged it,
未逾于世而民可移也，	his people could be changed within a generation
即求以乡其上也。	to conform to their superior.
昔者越王句践好勇，	Lord Goujian of the state of Yue admired courage
教其士臣三年，	and taught it to his ministers and soldiers three years.
以其知为未足以知之也，	Fearing that their knowledge had not yet made them efficient
焚舟失火，	he let a fire be set on the boat,
鼓而进之，	and beat the drum to signal advance.
其士偃前列，	The soldiers at the head of the rank were even pushed down.
伏水火而死，	Those who perished in the flames and in water
有不可胜数也。	were numberless.
当此之时，不鼓而退也，	Even then they would not retreat without signal.
越国之士可谓颤矣。	The soldiers of Yue would be quite terrified (ordinarily).
故焚身为其难为也，	To be burnt alive is a hard task,
然后为之越王说之，	and yet it was accomplished. When the Lord of Yue encouraged it,
未逾于世而民可移也，	his people could be changed within a generation
即求以乡上也。	to conform to their superior.
昔者晋文公好苴服，	Lord Wen of the state of Jin liked coarse clothing.
当文公之时，	And so in his time
晋国之士，	the people of Jin
大布之衣，	wore suits of plain cloth,
牂羊之裘，	jackets of sheep skin,
练帛之冠，	hats of spun silk,
且苴之屦，	and big rough shoes.
入见文公，	Thus attired, they would go in and see the Lord
出以践之朝。	and come out and walk in the court.
故苴服为其难为也，	To dress up in coarse clothing is hard to do,
然后为而文公说之，	yet it has been done. When Lord Wen encouraged it
未逾于世而民可移也，	his people could be changed within a generation
即求以乡其上也。	to conform to their superior.
是故约食、焚舟、苴服，	Now to endure limited diet, to be burnt alive, and to wear coarse clothing
此天下之至难为也，	are the hardest things in the world,
然后为而上说之，	yet when the superiors encouraged them
未逾于世而民可移也。	the people could be changed within a generation.
何故也？	Why was this so?
即求以乡其上也。	It was due to the desire to conform to the superior.
今若夫兼相爱，	Now, as to universal love and mutual aid,
交¹相利，
此其有利且易为也，不可胜计也，	they are beneficial and easy beyond a doubt.
我以为则无有上说之者而已矣。	It seems to me that the only trouble is that there is no superior who encourages it.
苟有上说之者，劝之以赏誉，威之以刑罚，我以为人之于就兼相爱交相利也，譬之犹火之就上，水之就下也，不可防止于天下。	If there is a superior who encourages it, promoting it with rewards and commendations, threatening its reverse with punishments, I feel people will tend toward universal love and mutual aid like fire tending upward and water downwards - it will be unpreventable in the world.

1. 相爱，交 : Inserted. 孙诒让《墨子闲诂》

Character	Composition	Variants	Reading	Meaning	Hanyu	Kangxi	Cihai
意	心+9		yì ㄧˋ	thought, idea, opinion; think	v4,p2323#03	p.394#22	p.537r1c05
以	人+3	㠯	yǐ ㄧˇ	Use. / Believe. / Command. / Lead. / Connect, implicate. / Have. / Cause, reason. / Preposition: because. / Preposition: from, in. / Preposition: at [some time]. / Preposition: using. / Preposition: in accordance with. / Preposition: relying upon. / Preposition: in the capacity of. / Preposition: with, together with. / Connective: indicates the following action is the objective of the preceding one. / Connective: used between adverbial clause and verb to express modification. / Connective: and. / Connective: but. / Connective: and so, thus. / Particle: used together with some words expressing direction and time. / Modal particle. / Same as “已(1)” yǐ ㄧˇ: Stop, discontinue. / Same as “已(7.2)” yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: already. / Same as “已(7.3)” yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: extremely.	v1,p0105#07	p.94#01	p.87r6c01
为	火+5	爲为	wéi ㄨㄟˊ	Create, make. / Build, construct. / Do. / Plant, grow. / Govern. / Research, study. / Serve as. / Change into, become. / As, in the role of. / Count as, be considered as. / Called, named. / Expresses judgement: is. / Make, cause (to). / Have. / Take part in. / Write, author. / Connective: if. / Particle used in the middle of a sentence to move forward the object. / Modal particle used at the end of a sentence to express a rhetorical question.	v3,p2198#11	p.669#10	p.844r4c03
			wèi ㄨㄟˋ	Help, assist. / Preposition: for, on behalf of. / Preposition: by (passive). / Preposition: because of, due to. / Preposition: with, together with. / Connective: because. / Say. / False, fake.
难	隹+11	𩁢𩁬𩀙𩁣𩁲𩁩𩀏𩁤难	nán ㄋㄢˊ	Difficult, not easy. / Make difficult, think difficult.	v6,p4108#05	p.1370#05	p.1446r3c01
			nàn ㄋㄢˋ	Disaster. / Blame. / Censure, reject. / Resent. / Hate. / Doctrine, thesis.
			nǎn ㄋㄢˇ	Fear.
			nuó ㄋㄨㄛˊ	Luxuriant. / Ceremony to banish sprits thought responsible for contagion. / How, why.
而	而+0		ér ㄦˊ	Whiskers. / Like, similar to. / Pronoun: you. / Pronoun: this, like this. / Connective: and, with. / Connective: and, then. / Connective: if, supposing. / Connective: yet, however. / Connective: therefore, hence. / Connective: expresses method or state. / Particle: of. / Expressive particle.	v4,p2810#01	p.961#18	p.1080r2c03
			néng ㄋㄥˊ	Same as “能(3)” néng ㄋㄥˊ: Able to, competent. / Same as “能(2.1)” néng ㄋㄥˊ: Ability, talent.
不	一+3	不𠀚𠙐	bù ㄅㄨˋ	(3.1) 否定副词：用于动词、形容词等前面，表示否定。 Negational adverb, used before verbs, adjectives, etc. to indicate negation.	v1,p0011#06	p.76#15	p.30r1c01
可	口+2	歌厥	kě kè ㄎㄜˇ ㄎㄜˋ	may, can, -able; possibly	v1,p0567#07	p.172#12	p.244r1c02
邪	邑+4	耶	yé ㄧㄝˊ	(7.1) 语气词：表示疑问或反诘。 Particle expressing questioning or a rhetorical question.	v6,p3758#04	p.1269#14	p.1336r5c01
尝	口+11	甞𨡔𠹉尝	cháng ㄔㄤˊ	taste; experience, experiment	v2,p1529#09	p.206#09	p.289r3c03
有	月+2		yǒu ㄧㄡˇ	Have, possess. / Store, collect. / Occupy. / Hold on to, retain. / Have in abundance. / Good harvest. / Obtain. / Only. / Be, exist. / Occur, happen. / Make. / Particle used before a noun with no meaning. / Particle used before a monosyllabic adjective with no meaning. / Particle used before a verb with no meaning. / Still, yet. / Some people. / Region.	v3,p2041#05	p.504#20	p.656r5c01
			yòu ㄧㄡˋ	Help, assist. / Same as “又(3)” yòu ㄧㄡˋ: Moreover.
此	止+2		cǐ ㄘˇ	This. / Like this. / Here. / Adverb: then.	v2,p1438#03	p.574#10	p.735r4c01
者	老+4		zhě ㄓㄜˇ	Pronoun used after verbs, adjectives, etc. in place of a person or thing. / Pronoun used after numbers in place of a thing. / Pronoun used after time or negation to express "when" or "if". / Expressive particle used in a declarative sentence after the subject. / Expressive particle used in a sentence after the subject to express cause or explanation.	v4,p2780#05	p.961#01	p.1080r1c01
			zhuó ㄓㄨㄛˊ	In, located in.
昔	日+4		xī cuò xí ㄒㄧㄘㄨㄛˋ ㄒㄧˊ	formerly; ancient; in beginning	v2,p1488#11	p.492#05	p.634r5c01
荆灵王	草+6 雨+16 玉+0	荆靈霛𩆮𧨈𩄀𢩙灵	jīng líng wáng ㄐㄧㄥㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄨㄤˊ	Same as “楚灵王” chǔ líng wáng ㄔㄨˇ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄨㄤˊ: 姓名：熊围，在位前540-前529。 King Ling of Chu (ruled 540 BC-529 BC)	v1,p0339#02 v6,p4082#12 v2,p1099#10	p.1030#38 p.1380#24 p.727#02	p.1148r3c01 p.1458r2c07 p.888r1c02
好	女+3	𡥆𡚽𩐔	hào ㄏㄠˋ	(5) 喜爱，亲善。 Like, find pleasing.	v2,p1028#01	p.255#11	p.378r1c03
小	小+0		xiǎo ㄒㄧㄠˇ	Small. / Make small. / View as small. / Thin. / Insufficient. / Short (time), fleeting. / Young. / Slightly, somewhat. / Low level. / A person of low rank. / A person of bad moral character. / Humble term for oneself.	v1,p0560#12	p.296#18	p.438r2c01
要	襾+3	𡢗𦥼𠾅	yāo ㄧㄠ	(1.1) 人体的腰部。 Waist.	v4,p2805#08	p.1128#16	p.1226r2c01
当	田+8	𤱭当当	dāng ㄉㄤ	Suit, match. / Comply, conform to. / Administer, be in charge of. / Take charge of. / Resist, oppose. / Equal to, equivalent. / Face towards. / Should, must. / At, of (some place or time). / Cast sentence. / Will.	v4,p2546#06	p.764#18	p.917r3c03
			dàng ㄉㄤˋ	Suitable, appropriate. / As, for the purpose of, in the capacity of. / Give as security. / Bottom, base.
			tǎng ㄊㄤˇ	If, supposing.
			cháng ㄔㄤˊ	Once, previously.
灵王	雨+16 玉+0	靈霛𩆮𧨈𩄀𢩙灵	líng wáng ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄨㄤˊ	Same as “楚灵王” chǔ líng wáng ㄔㄨˇ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄨㄤˊ: 姓名：熊围，在位前540-前529。 King Ling of Chu (ruled 540 BC-529 BC)	v6,p4082#12 v2,p1099#10	p.1380#24 p.727#02	p.1458r2c07 p.888r1c02
之	丿+3	㞢	zhī ㄓ	Towards; go to. / Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Third person pronoun: him, her, it. / Auxiliary word: of. / Auxiliary word: used between subject and predicate, cancels independence of a clause. / Auxiliary word: used in a sentence for aesthetic purpose only, no meaning.	v1,p0043#01	p.82#04	p.47r2c02
身	身+0		shēn ㄕㄣ	Pregnant. / The body (of a person or animal). / Itself. / I, myself. / Personally, directly. / Personally experience or carry out. / Life. / One's own moral character, ability, etc. / A world in buddhist doctrine.	v6,p3807#01	p.1237#01	p.1295r6c01
			yuān ㄩㄢ	Same as “身毒” yuān dú ㄩㄢㄉㄨˊ: India.
荆	草+6	荆	jīng ㄐㄧㄥ	thorns; brambles; my wife; cane	v1,p0339#02	p.1030#38	p.1148r3c01
国	囗+8	圀国囗囶𢧌䆐囯国	guó ㄍㄨㄛˊ	nation, country, nation-state	v1,p0720#09	p.219#16	p.303r4c02
士	士+0		shì ㄕˋ	scholar, gentleman; soldier	v1,p0416#01	p.242#38	p.333r1c03
饭	食+4	𩚳饭	fàn ㄈㄢˋ	cooked rice; food; meal	v7,p4444#05	p.1417#27	p.1490r5c01
不	一+3	不𠀚𠙐	bù ㄅㄨˋ	Not have. / To not be. / Negational adverb, used before verbs, adjectives, etc. to indicate negation. / Negational adverb expressing prohibition: do not. / Negational adverb expressing rhetorical question: is not...?	v1,p0011#06	p.76#15	p.30r1c01
			fǒu ㄈㄡˇ	Same as “否(1.2)” fǒu ㄈㄡˇ: Adverb used together with an affirmative word, expressing its negative or opposite. / Same as “否(1.3)” fǒu ㄈㄡˇ: Adverb used at the end of a question to form a yes-no question.
			fū ㄈㄨ	Sepal of a flower.
			pī ㄆㄧ	Same as “丕(1)” pī ㄆㄧ: Large.
			bǐ ㄅㄧˇ	Show disdain for.
逾	足+9	逾	yú ㄩˊ	exceed, transgress; cross over	v6,p3724#06	p.1229#11	p.1292r3c06
乎	丿+4	宓	hū ㄏㄨ	Modal particle expressing questioning or a rhetorical question. / Modal particle expressing admiration or exclamation. / Modal particle expressing estimation. / Modal particle expressing request or order. / Modal particle expressing calling. / Modal particle expressing consideration. / Modal particle expressing affirmation. / Particle used after adjectives. / Particle used in the middle of a sentence to express a pause. / Preposition: in, from, to.	v1,p0036#08	p.82#07	p.47r3c03
一	一+0	弌壹	yī ㄧ	one; a, an; alone	v1,p0001#01	p.75#01	p.1r1c01
固	囗+5	怘	gù ㄍㄨˋ	to become solid, solidify; strength	v1,p0716#09	p.218#03	p.302r5c04
据	手+13	拠据	jù ㄐㄩˋ	to occupy, take possession of; a base	v3,p1967#15	p.459#12	p.595r1c01
后	彳+6	𨒥𢔏后	hòu ㄏㄡˋ	Behind, to the rear of. / To be left behind. / Later in time. / Future. / Descendents, offspring.	v2,p0822#03	p.366#18	p.511r2c01
兴	臼+9	㒷兴	xīng ㄒㄧㄥ	Get up, arise. / Rise up, appear. / Create. / Establish, set up. / Advocate. / Move, start moving, raise (an army). / Do. / Select, pick out. / Collect. / Flourish, prosper.	v1,p0253#09	p.1005#05	p.1113r4c01
			xìng ㄒㄧㄥˋ	Like, appreciate. / Metaphor. / One of the six literary styles in the Book of Poetry.
扶	手+4	𢻳𢱿	fú pú ㄈㄨˊ ㄆㄨˊ	support, help; protect; hold on	v3,p1833#02	p.419#05	p.560r5c05
垣	土+6	𩫧	yuán ㄩㄢˊ	low wall	v1,p0437#11	p.228#20	p.319r4c02
行	行+0	行	xíng ㄒㄧㄥˊ	Walk, move (on foot). / Advance, move forward. / Leave, exit. / Patrol, go on inspection. / Inspection of the realm by the Son of Heaven. / Be married off. / Flow, circulate. / Channel, guide. / Revolution, circular motion. / Experience. / Luggage, belongings taken on a journey. / Do, carry out. / Actions. / Accomplishments. / Use, utilize. / Take over (an official duty). / Offer, present. / Moral conduct, behaviour. / A type of classical poem. / A piece of music. / Semi-cursive script. / Adverb: will, about to. / Adverb: again, once more. / Adverb: by chance, luckily. / Ambassador (official title). / Measure word for number of pourings of drinks.	v2,p0811#06	p.1108#31	p.1203r5c05
			háng ㄏㄤˊ	Road. / Track, pattern. / Row, line. / Row of soldiers in battle. / Unit of 25 soldiers. / Shaft of a feather (and by extension, wings). / Measure word for things which form rows. / Rank, position.
故	攴+5		gù ㄍㄨˋ	Cause. / State of affairs. / Event, incident. / Plot. / Old. / Past, original. / Death. / On purpose. / Originally. / Hence, thus.	v2,p1453#05	p.469#25	p.601r5c01
约	糸+3	约	yuē yāo yào dì ㄩㄝㄧㄠㄧㄠˋ ㄉㄧˋ	treaty, agreement, covenant	v5,p3364#15	p.915#21	p.1029r4c03
食	食+0	饣𩚁飠𩚃餐	shí sì yì ㄕˊ ㄙˋ ㄧˋ	eat; meal; food; KangXi radical number 184	v7,p4440#01	p.1415#29	p.1489r2c03
其	八+6	丌亓	qí ㄑㄧˊ	Third-person possessive pronoun: his, her, its, their. / Demonstrative pronoun: that, those. / Adverb expressing estimation or guess. / Adverb expressing imperative. / Adverb expressing rhetorical question. / Adverb expressing future tense. / Connective expressing hypothesis: if, supposing. / Connective expressing choice: or. / Connective expressing concession: even if. / Particle used after an adjective. / Particle: of. / Particle used for emphasis after single-character adjectives or onomatopoeia. / Particle used in the middle of a sentence to alter the tempo.	v1,p0245#01	p.127#18	p.162r5c01
			jì ㄐㄧˋ	Particle used after bi and he.
			jī ㄐㄧ	Modal particle expressing interrogative tone. / A year.
也	乙+2	𠃟匜	yě ㄧㄝˇ	Modal particle used at the end of a sentence, expressing assertion and affirmation. / Modal particle used at the end of a question for emphasis. / Modal particle used at the end of a cause-effect sentence to express explanation. / Modal particle used in the middle of a sentence to express a pause.	v1,p0050#05	p.84#04	p.55r1c01
然	火+8	燃𤓉	rán ㄖㄢˊ	Burn. / Demonstrative pronoun: like this, like that. / Expresses affirmation: true, indeed so. / Believe correct, affirm. / Adverb: actually, thus. / Connective: but, however, yet. / Particle used at the end of a sentence to express comparison. Like, as if. / Particle used after an adjective or adverb to express state. / Particle used at the end of a sentence to express affirmative mode.	v3,p2213#05	p.675#12	p.852r5c01
说	言+7	説说	shuō ㄕㄨㄛ	Explain. / Tell. / Advocate. / Oath. / A type of writing expounding upon a canon.	v6,p3979#03	p.1164#08	p.1246r4c02
			shuì ㄕㄨㄟˋ	Recommend, persuade. / Stop.
			yuè ㄩㄝˋ	Same as “悦(1)” yuè ㄩㄝˋ: Happy, pleased, like. / To please.
未	木+1		wèi ㄨㄟˋ	not yet; 8th terrestrial branch	v2,p1150#01	p.509#05	p.665r4c01
于	方+4	乌𣱏𤕘于亏扵	yú ㄩˊ	Be (copula). / Be, exist. / Preposition: in. / Preposition: from or to. / Preposition: compared to. / Preposition: to, for, towards. / Preposition: by (indicating passive tense). / Preposition: with, using. / Preposition: due to, because of. / Preposition: by, according to. / Connective: just as. / Auxiliary word, no meaning.	v3,p2175#02	p.481#11	p.622r2c03
世	一+4	丗卋	shì ㄕˋ	generation; world; era	v1,p0014#06	p.77#11	p.35r1c02
民	氏+1	𠘽	mín ㄇㄧㄣˊ	people, subjects, citizens	v3,p2131#01	p.598#01	p.750r3c01
移	禾+6	𥞀迻	yí chǐ yì ㄧˊ ㄔˇ ㄧˋ	change place, shift; move about	v4,p2603#20	p.853#04	p.991r5c06
即	卩+5	卽	jí ㄐㄧˊ	promptly, quickly, immediately	v1,p0314#02	p.159#18	p.226r6c02
求	水+2	裘	qiú ㄑㄧㄡˊ	seek; demand, request; beseech	v3,p1547#08	p.604#04	p.763r3c02
乡	邑+9	郷鄕乡	xiāng xiǎng xiàng ㄒㄧㄤㄒㄧㄤˇ ㄒㄧㄤˋ	country; rural; village	v6,p3786#04	p.1275#02
上	一+2	丄𠄞	shàng ㄕㄤˋ	top; superior, highest; go up, send up	v1,p0005#04	p.76#07	p.24r2c01
者	老+4		zhě ㄓㄜˇ	(1.3) 代词：用于时间词或否定词之后，表示“...时候”或“...的话”。 Pronoun used after time or negation to express "when" or "if".	v4,p2780#05	p.961#01	p.1080r1c01
越王句践	走+5 玉+0 口+2 足+8	𦈭𧻂句践	yuè wáng gōu jiàn ㄩㄝˋ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄡㄐㄧㄢˋ	Same as “越王勾践” yuè wáng gōu jiàn ㄩㄝˋ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄡㄐㄧㄢˋ: 姓名：勾践，在位前496-前494以及前491-前464。 King Gou Jian of Yue (ruled 496 BC-494 BC, 491 BC-464 BC)	v5,p3480#02 v2,p1099#10 v1,p0571#03 v6,p3714#06	p.1216#28 p.727#02 p.171#11 p.1227#17	p.1285r3c02 p.888r1c02 p.242r4c01 p.1291r4c01
好	女+3	𡥆𡚽𩐔	hǎo ㄏㄠˇ	Attractive appearance. / Wonderful, beautiful. / Healthy, fit. / Excellent. / Harmonious. / Complete. / In order to. / Adverb: very. / Adverb: many or long.	v2,p1028#01	p.255#11	p.378r1c03
			hào ㄏㄠˋ	Like, find pleasing. / Hole in a piece of jade or a coin..
勇	力+7		yǒng ㄩㄥˇ	brave, courageous, fierce	v1,p0372#07	p.147#35	p.195r4c01
教	攴+7	敎	jiào jiāo ㄐㄧㄠˋ ㄐㄧㄠ	teach, class	v2,p1459#09	p.472#05
臣	臣+0	𢘑	chén ㄔㄣˊ	minister, statesman, official	v4,p2801#01	p.999#13	p.1106r2c02
三	一+2	叁弎	sān sàn ㄙㄢㄙㄢˋ	three	v1,p0004#03	p.76#05	p.11r2c01
年	干+3	秊𠫺	nián ㄋㄧㄢˊ	year; new-years; person's age	v1,p0037#06	p.340#01	p.483r6c01
知	矢+3	𢇻𥎿	zhī ㄓ	Know, understand. / Perception. / Recognize. / Knowledge. / Know about, make sense of. / Be friendly with. / Control, get on top of.	v4,p2581#02	p.824#01	p.955r5c02
			zhì ㄓˋ	Wisdom.
足	足+0	疋𤴕	zú jù ㄗㄨˊ ㄐㄩˋ	foot; attain, satisfy, enough	v6,p3686#01	p.1221#17	p.1287r6c03
焚	火+8	燔	fén fèn ㄈㄣˊ ㄈㄣˋ	burn	v3,p2208#09	p.673#13	p.848r1c02
舟	舟+0		zhōu ㄓㄡ	boat, ship; KangXi radical 137	v5,p3055#01	p.1008#24	p.1117r3c01
失	大+2		shī ㄕ	lose; make mistake, neglect	v1,p0525#01	p.249#09	p.368r3c01
火	火+0	𤆄灬	huǒ huō ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄏㄨㄛ	fire, flame; burn; anger, rage	v3,p2187#01	p.665#01	p.841r2c02
鼓	鼓+0	皼𩉲皷鼔	gǔ ㄍㄨˇ	drum; beat, top, strike	v7,p4763#01	p.1526#01	p.1566r4c01
进	辵+8	𨙟𨗃进	jìn ㄐㄧㄣˋ	advance, make progress, enter	v6,p3851#05	p.1259#30	p.1322r2c03
偃	人+9	㫃	yǎn ㄧㄢˇ	cease, lay off, lay down	v1,p0187#01	p.109#22	p.115r6c03
前	刀+7	歬𣦃	qián ㄑㄧㄢˊ	in front, forward; preceding	v1,p0248#04	p.140#15	p.184r4c01
列	刀+4	列𠜺	liè ㄌㄧㄝˋ	a line; to arrange in order, classify	v1,p0325#05	p.137#26	p.177r5c03
伏	人+4		fú ㄈㄨˊ	crouch, crawl, lie hidden, conceal	v1,p0119#04	p.95#23	p.92r1c02
水	水+0	氵	shuǐ ㄕㄨㄟˇ	water, liquid, lotion, juice	v3,p1545#01	p.603#01	p.757r1c01
死	歹+2	𠑾𣥴	sǐ ㄙˇ	die; dead; death	v2,p1380#06	p.578#22	p.740r6c06
胜	力+10	𠢧𠅫𢾶胜	shèng shēng ㄕㄥˋ ㄕㄥ	victory; excel, be better than	v3,p2090#13	p.148#31	p.197r6c02
数	攴+11	数	shù shǔ cù shuò ㄕㄨˋ ㄕㄨˇ ㄘㄨˋ ㄕㄨㄛˋ	number; several; count; fate	v2,p1474#01	p.475#04	p.607r4c01
时	日+6	旹时	shí ㄕˊ	Season. / Unit of time equal to two hours. / [The passage of] time. / Time, times. / Age, period, epoch. / Occasion, opportune moment. / On time. / Then, at that time. / Always, constantly. / Same as “伺(1)” sì ㄙˋ: Wait until, wait for (a chance).	v2,p1505#05	p.494#22	p.639r3c04
退	辵+6	𨓆𨑧𢓴𢓇𨔫	tuì ㄊㄨㄟˋ	step back, retreat, withdraw	v6,p3834#04	p.1256#14	p.1314r4c01
越	走+5	𦈭𧻂	yuè huó ㄩㄝˋ ㄏㄨㄛˊ	exceed, go beyond; the more ...	v5,p3480#02	p.1216#28	p.1285r3c02
谓	言+9	谓	wèi ㄨㄟˋ	To (when speaking to someone). / Say, speak. / Call, name. / Meaning, what is meant. / Discuss, comment on (a person). / How? / Same as “为(21.3)” wèi ㄨㄟˋ: Preposition: because of, due to.	v6,p3997#06	p.1173#12	p.1251r6c01
			wéi ㄨㄟˊ	Same as “为(10)” wéi ㄨㄟˊ: Count as, be considered as.
颤	页+13	颤	zhàn chàn shān ㄓㄢˋ ㄔㄢˋ ㄕㄢ	shiver, tremble; trembling	v7,p4394#09	p.1410#05	p.1483r1c03
矣	矢+2	𠤘	yǐ ㄧˇ	Modal particle used to express declaration. / Modal particle used to express exclamation. / Modal particle used to express an order or request.	v4,p2580#04	p.823#37	p.955r5c01
王	玉+0		wáng ㄨㄤˊ	King, title of supreme ruler of the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties. / Ruler of a vassal state in the warring states period. / Highest title in feudal China. / Meet with the emperor. / Respectful term for one's paternal grandparents.	v2,p1099#10	p.727#02	p.888r1c02
			wàng ㄨㄤˋ	Rule as king, control all under heaven. / Enfeoff as king. / Flourish, abound.
			wǎng ㄨㄤˇ	To, go to.
晋文公	日+6 文+0 八+2	晋𣈆㒚稳㒶	jìn wén gōng ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄨㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄥ	姓名：姬重耳，在位前636-前628。 Duke Wen of Jin (ruled 636 BC-628 BC)	v2,p1507#03 v3,p2169#01 v1,p0242#01	p.494#31 p.477#01 p.126#28	p.640r3c02 p.608r4c02 p.151r3c01
苴	草+5		jū chá zhǎ zū jiē bāo xié ㄐㄩㄔㄚˊ ㄓㄚˇ ㄗㄨㄐㄧㄝㄅㄠㄒㄧㄝˊ	sackcloth; female hemp plant	v5,p3190#05	p.1024#16	p.1132r4c01
服	月+4	𣍞𦨈	fú fù bì ㄈㄨˊ ㄈㄨˋ ㄅㄧˋ	clothes; wear, dress	v3,p2053#07	p.505#02
文公	文+0 八+2	㒚稳㒶	wén gōng ㄨㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄥ	Same as “晋文公” jìn wén gōng ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄨㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄥ: 姓名：姬重耳，在位前636-前628。 Duke Wen of Jin (ruled 636 BC-628 BC)	v3,p2169#01 v1,p0242#01	p.477#01 p.126#28	p.608r4c02 p.151r3c01
晋	日+6	晋𣈆	jìn ㄐㄧㄣˋ	advance, increase; promote	v2,p1507#03	p.494#31	p.640r3c02
大	大+0	𠘲	dà ㄉㄚˋ	Large, great. / Exceed, be greater than. / Venerate, treat as being great. / Many. / Thick, coarse. / Elder. / Respectful term of address. / Adverb expressing high level or broad range.	v1,p0520#01	p.248#01	p.342r3c03
			tài ㄊㄞˋ	Most (superlative). / Too much. / Peaceful, tranquil.
布	巾+2	布㱛	bù ㄅㄨˋ	cotton cloth, textiles, linen	v1,p0728#05	p.328#06	p.471r2c01
衣	衣+0	衤	yī yì ㄧㄧˋ	clothes, clothing; cover, skin	v5,p3074#01	p.1111#01	p.1208r5c01
牂	爿+6		zāng ㄗㄤ	female sheep, ewe	v4,p2375#03	p.692#02	p.865r3c02
羊	羊+0		yáng ㄧㄤˊ	sheep, goat; KangXi radical 123	v5,p3125#01	p.950#38	p.1068r3c01
裘	衣+7	求	qiú ㄑㄧㄡˊ	fur garments; surname	v5,p3090#09	p.1117#22	p.1214r6c02
练	糸+9	练	liàn ㄌㄧㄢˋ	Heat raw silk to make it white and soft. / Dye. / Purify, make pure. / White, treated silk. / Practice, train. / Well-trained. / Choose, select. / Smelt metal. / Name of a memorial ritual held for ones parents.	v5,p3424#02	p.932#04	p.1054r5c03
帛	巾+5		bó ㄅㄛˊ	silks, fabrics; wealth, property	v1,p0734#06	p.330#07	p.474r5c04
冠	冖+7		guān guàn ㄍㄨㄢㄍㄨㄢˋ	cap, crown, headgear	v1,p0303#18	p.130#23	p.165r6c07
且	一+4	𠀇𠀃	qiě ㄑㄧㄝˇ	This. / Connective: both, also. / Connective: and. / Connective: not only that, furthermore. / Connective: or. / Connective: not only, even. / Connective: if. / Adverb: will. / Adverb: briefly. / Adverb: almost. / Particle used at the start of a sentence.	v1,p0015#05	p.77#07	p.34r6c02
			jū ㄐㄩ	Appearance of a great many. / Exclamation. / Alternative name for the sixth month.
			cú ㄘㄨˊ	Go.
屦	尸+14	屦	jù ㄐㄩˋ	straw sandals; tread on	v2,p0981#09	p.304#01	p.451r2c03
入	入+0		rù ㄖㄨˋ	Enter, go into. / Put in, bring in. / Pay, offer. / Income, gains. / Inside, within.	v1,p0102#01	p.125#32	p.141r1c03
见	见+0	现见	jiàn ㄐㄧㄢˋ	See, catch sight of. / Feel, perceive. / Meet, come across. / Meet with, see. / Meet in battle. / Go to see. / Have come to see, have visit. / Grant an interview. / Recommend, introduce. / Introduce, present. / Hear. / Know, understand. / Experience, insight. / Intent, plan. / Used before a verb to indicate passive tense. / Used before a verb to indicate one is the receipient of anothers actions. / Particle used after a verb to indicate simultaneous action. / Coffin clothes. / Mix, mingle.	v6,p3663#01	p.1133#01	p.1229r1c01
			xiàn ㄒㄧㄢˋ	Appear, become visible. / Manifest, make evident. / Now, at present. / Existing, ready prepared.
出	凵+3	岀	chū ㄔㄨ	Go out, exit. / Outside, without. / Take up a post. / Exile, banish. / Abandon (one's wife). / Free, release. / Give out, hand over. / Give, offer. / Send out, distribute. / Exceed. / Appear, emerge. / Create, make. / Produce, cause to grow. / Bear, give birth. / Origin, place of birth. / Part of an object which extends outwards. / Measure word: times, occurrences. / Measure word: section.	v1,p0307#08	p.135#11	p.172r1c01
践	足+8	践	jiàn ㄐㄧㄢˋ	trample, tread upon, walk on	v6,p3714#06	p.1227#17	p.1291r4c01
朝	月+8	晁	zhāo ㄓㄠ	Morning. / Beginning.	v3,p2084#08	p.506#03	p.661r1c01
			cháo ㄔㄠˊ	Meet in court. / Call the ministers to court. / Court, place where ministers meet with the ruler. / Visit, go to see. / Meet together, gather.
是	日+5	昰𣆞	shì ㄕˋ	Straight. / Right, correct. / Believe accurate, affirm. / Demonstrative pronoun: this. / Be (copula). / Auxiliary word, used after moving forward the object.	v2,p1497#05	p.493#26	p.639r1c01
天下	大+1 一+2	𠀡𠀘𦴞兲靝𠕹丅厥𠄟	tiān xià ㄊㄧㄢㄒㄧㄚˋ	世界。 "All under heaven", the world.	v1,p0522#01 v1,p0007#01	p.248#04 p.76#10	p.358r4c01 p.28r1c01
至	至+0	𦤳𦤴𦤵𡊏	zhì dié ㄓˋ ㄉㄧㄝˊ	reach, arrive; extremely, very	v4,p2814#01	p.1001#11	p.1111r3c04
何	人+5		hé ㄏㄜˊ	Ask, enquire. / What. / Who, which one. / How, in what way. / Why, for what reason. / Where, in what place. / How much, to what extent.	v1,p0130#04	p.98#15	p.97r2c04
			hē ㄏㄜ	Criticize, condemn.
			hè ㄏㄜˋ	Carry on one's back. / Bear, carry a burden.
今	人+2		jīn ㄐㄧㄣ	now, today, modern era	v1,p0105#05	p.91#18	p.83r5c02
若	草+5	若𦱡𦱶𧁇	ruò ㄖㄨㄛˋ	Iris. / Same as “北海若” běi hǎi ruò ㄅㄟˇ ㄏㄞˇ ㄖㄨㄛˋ: Ruo, a god of the Northern Sea. / Go by, accord with. / Choose. / Like, similar to. / Identical, the same. / As good as, comparable to. / To, arrive at. / You, your. / This way, like this. / Regarding, as regards. / If, should it be the case. / Or, alternatively. / But, yet. / Adjectival suffix.	v5,p3187#07	p.1023#12	p.1130r1c03
夫	大+1		fū ㄈㄨ	General term for adult men. / Adult labourers in particular. / Soldier. / Respectful term for a man. / Husband. / Unit of area equal to one hundred mu.	v1,p0521#01	p.248#11	p.367r2c01
			fú ㄈㄨˊ	Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Modal particle used at the start of a sentence for emphasis or to indicate an assertion. / Modal particle used in the middle of a sentence to soften the tone. / Modal particle used at the end of a sentence to express exclamation.
兼	八+8	𥡝	jiān ㄐㄧㄢ	unite, combine; connect; and	v1,p0249#08	p.128#11	p.162r6c02
相	目+4		xiāng ㄒㄧㄤ	Mutual. / In succession. / Together.	v4,p2470#13	p.800#18	p.945r1c01
			xiàng ㄒㄧㄤˋ	Watch. / Appearance. / Fortune-telling by appearance. / Help, assist. / Guide for the blind. / Prime minister, most senior minister. / Ceremonial officer.
爱	心+9	𤔤𢟪𢛭爱	ài ㄞˋ	love, be fond of, like	v4,p2323#01	p.395#13	p.538r1c01
交	亠+4	䢒	jiāo ㄐㄧㄠ	mix; intersect; exchange, communicate; deliver	v1,p0282#01	p.88#06	p.76r3c01
相	目+4		xiāng ㄒㄧㄤ	(1) 互相，交互。 Mutual.	v4,p2470#13	p.800#18	p.945r1c01
利	刀+5	利𥝢𥝤	lì ㄌㄧˋ	Sharp. / Fast, speedy. / Favourable, lucky. / Convenient, useful. / Profits, benefits. / Beneficial to, good for. / Profit, interest. / Diarrhea.	v1,p0329#02	p.138#19	p.180r2c02
易	日+4	易	yì ㄧˋ	change; easy	v2,p1494#01	p.492#03	p.633r6c01
计	言+2	计	jì ㄐㄧˋ	plan, plot; strategem; scheme	v6,p3937#04	p.1147#01	p.1237r2c01
我	戈+3	𠨂𢦓𢦠	wǒ ㄨㄛˇ	First-person pronoun: I. / One's own side in general. / Expresses closeness. / Egoism, self-involvement.	v2,p1401#02	p.412#01	p.552r1c01
则	刀+7	𠟻𠟭𠞋𠟔则	zé ㄗㄜˊ	Method, rule. / Mimic, emulate. / Level, grade. / Adverb used to emphasize an assertion. / Adverb used to express scope: only. / Connective expressing continuation: then, and then. / Connective emphasizing comparison. / Connective expressing contrast. / Connective expressing allowance: yet, even so. / Connective expressing unexpected turn of events. / Connective expressing suppostion: if.	v1,p0340#06	p.139#31	p.183r5c05
无	火+8	𣟒𣚨𠘩无无	wú ㄨˊ	Not have. / Philosophical category referring to absence, non-existence, or vacuity. / Adverb expressing negation: not. / Adverb expressing questioning: or not. / Connective: regardless of. / Connective: even if. / Particle used at the beginning of a sentence, no meaning. / Do not. / Barren, uncultivated.	v3,p2211#15	p.673#26	p.848r2c04
已	己+0		yǐ ㄧˇ	Stop, discontinue. / Complete / The past. / Recover, be cured. / Leave [a post], retire. / Value and carry out. / Adverb: shortly, before long. / Adverb: already. / Adverb: extremely. / Modal particle used at the end of a sentence. / Interjection. / Same as “以(1)” yǐ ㄧˇ: Use. / Same as “以(9)” yǐ ㄧˇ: Particle: used together with some words expressing direction and time.	v2,p0984#01	p.326#11	p.467r3c01
苟	草+5	茍𠷜	gǒu gōu ㄍㄡˇ ㄍㄡ	careless, frivolous; illicit; grammatical particle: if, but, if only; surname; grass name; distinguish DKW 30853 (ji4)	v5,p3194#12	p.1023#05	p.1129r6c01
劝	力+18	勧劝	quàn ㄑㄩㄢˋ	recommend, advise, urge	v1,p0382#18	p.150#12	p.200r1c04
赏	贝+8	赏	shǎng ㄕㄤˇ	reward, grant, bestow; appreciate	v6,p3647#07	p.1209#19	p.1276r4c01
誉	言+14	𣁎域誉	yù ㄩˋ	fame, reputation; praise	v6,p4024#12	p.1185#07	p.1257r2c03
威	女+6	𤰴𤱫	wēi ㄨㄟ	pomp, power; powerful; dominate	v2,p1404#01	p.261#24	p.384r6c01
刑	刀+4		xíng ㄒㄧㄥˊ	Punish. / Kill, put to death. / Harm, disaster. / Law, rules of punishment. / Rule by law. / A die used in casting. / A model, an example. / To emulate, imitate. / Achieve, establish. / Same as “鉶” xíng ㄒㄧㄥˊ: Porcelain soup bowl. / Same as “形(1.1)” xíng ㄒㄧㄥˊ: Body, thing with form. / Same as “形(5)” xíng ㄒㄧㄥˊ: Exhibit, show.	v1,p0324#15	p.137#11	p.178r4c02
罚	网+9	罸罚	fá ㄈㄚˊ	penalty, fine; punish, penalize	v4,p2923#03	p.948#33	p.1065r5c04
人	人+0	𠔽亻	rén ㄖㄣˊ	Man, person. / Others, other people. / The people, ordinary men. / Talent, material. / [A man's] character. / Affairs of men, world of man. / Benevolence.	v1,p0101#10	p.91#01	p.80r2c01
就	尢+9		jiù ㄐㄧㄡˋ	just, simply; to come, go to; to approach, near	v1,p0555#11	p.299#05	p.445r1c05
譬	言+13		pì ㄆㄧˋ	metaphor, simile, example	v6,p4026#08	p.1183#16	p.1256r2c04
犹	犬+9	犹	yóu ㄧㄡˊ	(3) 如同，好像。 Like, similar to.	v2,p1359#09	p.715#20	p.878r1c06
下	一+2	丅厥𠄟	xià ㄒㄧㄚˋ	under, underneath, below; down; inferior; bring down	v1,p0007#01	p.76#10	p.28r1c01
防	阜+4		fáng ㄈㄤˊ	defend; prevent; embankment	v6,p4118#01	p.1347#05	p.1415r1c03
止	止+0	只	zhǐ ㄓˇ	stop, halt, desist; detain	v2,p1435#03	p.573#24	p.732r3c02

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