Chinese Text Project Dictionary

Mohism -> Mozi -> Book 11 -> Minor Illustrations -> 3

夫物有以同而不率遂同。	Things have that by which they are similar, but this does not make them the similar.
辭之侔也，	Similarity of sentences
有所至而正。	is correct within a certain range.
其然也，	That it is so,
有所以然也；	has that by which is so.
其然也¹
同，其所以然不必同。	When things are the same in being so, that by which they are so is not necessarily the same.
其取之也，有所²以取之。	When something is chosen, there is that by which it is chosen.
其取之也同，其所以取之不必同。	When what is chosen is the same, that by which it is chosen is not necessarily the same.
是故辟、侔、援、推之辭，	Thus the sayings of Analogy, Similarity, Leading, and Extending,
行而異，	proceed and become different,
轉而危，	turn and become unsafe,
遠而失，	go far and become lost,
流而離本，	flow and lose their foundation
則不可不審也，	- this must be examined,
不可常用也。	and they cannot be constantly applied.
故言多方，	Thus doctrine should rely upon many methods,
殊類，	various kinds,
異故，	different causes,
則不可偏觀也。	and cannot be looked upon from a single perspective.
夫物或乃是而然，	Things are sometimes thus and so;
或是而不然，	sometimes thus and not so;
或一周³而一不周⁴，	sometimes one requires all and one not all;
或一是而一不是也。	sometimes one thus and one not thus.
不可常用也。故言多方，殊類，異故，則不可偏觀也，⁵非也。

1. 其然也 : Inserted.
2. 所 : Inserted.
3. 周 : Originally read: "害".
4. 周 : Originally read: "害".
5. 不是也。不可常用也。故言多方，殊類，異故，則不可偏觀也， : Deleted. 衍文。

Character	Composition	Variants	Reading	Meaning	Hanyu	Kangxi	Cihai
夫	大+1		fú ㄈㄨˊ	(6.1) 語氣詞：用於句首，以提示下文或表示對某事進行判斷。 Modal particle used at the start of a sentence for emphasis or to indicate an assertion.	v1,p0521#01	p.248#11	p.367r2c01
物	牛+4		wù ㄨˋ	thing, substance, creature	v3,p1805#03	p.699#09	p.869r5c01
有	月+2		yǒu ㄧㄡˇ	Have, possess. / Store, collect. / Occupy. / Hold on to, retain. / Have in abundance. / Good harvest. / Obtain. / Only. / Be, exist. / Occur, happen. / Make. / Particle used before a noun with no meaning. / Particle used before a monosyllabic adjective with no meaning. / Particle used before a verb with no meaning. / Still, yet. / Some people. / Region.	v3,p2041#05	p.504#20	p.656r5c01
			yòu ㄧㄡˋ	Help, assist. / Same as 「又(3)」 yòu ㄧㄡˋ: Moreover.
以	人+3	㠯	yǐ ㄧˇ	Use. / Believe. / Command. / Lead. / Connect, implicate. / Have. / Cause, reason. / Preposition: because. / Preposition: from, in. / Preposition: at [some time]. / Preposition: using. / Preposition: in accordance with. / Preposition: relying upon. / Preposition: in the capacity of. / Preposition: with, together with. / Connective: indicates the following action is the objective of the preceding one. / Connective: used between adverbial clause and verb to express modification. / Connective: and. / Connective: but. / Connective: and so, thus. / Particle: used together with some words expressing direction and time. / Modal particle. / Same as 「已(1)」 yǐ ㄧˇ: Stop, discontinue. / Same as 「已(7.2)」 yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: already. / Same as 「已(7.3)」 yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: extremely.	v1,p0105#07	p.94#01	p.87r6c01
同	口+3	仝衕	tóng tòng ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄊㄨㄥˋ	same, similar; together with	v1,p0578#01	p.175#06	p.252r1c01
而	而+0		ér ㄦˊ	Whiskers. / Like, similar to. / Pronoun: you. / Pronoun: this, like this. / Connective: and, with. / Connective: and, then. / Connective: if, supposing. / Connective: yet, however. / Connective: therefore, hence. / Connective: expresses method or state. / Particle: of. / Expressive particle.	v4,p2810#01	p.961#18	p.1080r2c03
			néng ㄋㄥˊ	Same as 「能(3)」 néng ㄋㄥˊ: Able to, competent. / Same as 「能(2.1)」 néng ㄋㄥˊ: Ability, talent.
不	一+3	不𠀚𠙐	bù ㄅㄨˋ	Not have. / To not be. / Negational adverb, used before verbs, adjectives, etc. to indicate negation. / Negational adverb expressing prohibition: do not. / Negational adverb expressing rhetorical question: is not...?	v1,p0011#06	p.76#15	p.30r1c01
			fǒu ㄈㄡˇ	Same as 「否(1.2)」 fǒu ㄈㄡˇ: Adverb used together with an affirmative word, expressing its negative or opposite. / Same as 「否(1.3)」 fǒu ㄈㄡˇ: Adverb used at the end of a question to form a yes-no question.
			fū ㄈㄨ	Sepal of a flower.
			pī ㄆㄧ	Same as 「丕(1)」 pī ㄆㄧ: Large.
			bǐ ㄅㄧˇ	Show disdain for.
率	玄+6	率卛	shuài ㄕㄨㄞˋ	Net for catching birds. / Along, in the same direction as. / Follow, go along with. / Command, lead. / Model. / Create a model for something. / Do, engage in. / Fast, quickly. / Frank, direct. / Because of, due to. / Similar. / Similar things. / Adverb: in general, mostly. / Adverb: all. / Same as 「帥(2.1)」 shuài ㄕㄨㄞˋ: Commander of an army. / Same as 「帥(2.2)」 shuài ㄕㄨㄞˋ: Thing which plays a leading role.	v1,p0289#03	p.725#05	p.884r3c03
			lǜ ㄌㄩˋ	A fixed standard or ratio. / Same as 「鋝」 lüè ㄌㄩㄝˋ: Unit of weight, approximately 6 liang.
遂	辵+9	𨒉𨔱𨓸𨔲	suì ㄙㄨㄟˋ	Ditch between fields. / Waterway. / Pass through. / Succeed, go well. / Finished, past. / Grow up, bring up. / Favourable, as hoped. / Follow. / Not interfere with. / Advance. / Item used in archery. / Distant suburbs. / Adverb: finally, at last. / Adverb: and then, thereupon. / Part of a clock. / Distant, far off. / Name of a state in ancient China.	v6,p3862#03	p.1260#32	p.1328r5c01
			zhuì ㄓㄨㄟˋ	Fall.
辭	辛+12	辞辤𤔧	cí ㄘˊ	(2.1) 言辭，文辭。 Speech, phrase, language.	v6,p4043#13	p.1252#08	p.1310r3c02
之	丿+3	㞢	zhī ㄓ	Towards; go to. / Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Third person pronoun: him, her, it. / Auxiliary word: of. / Auxiliary word: used between subject and predicate, cancels independence of a clause. / Auxiliary word: used in a sentence for aesthetic purpose only, no meaning.	v1,p0043#01	p.82#04	p.47r2c02
侔	人+6		móu ㄇㄡˊ	equal	v1,p0154#13	p.102#08	p.103r4c03
也	乙+2	𠃟匜	yě ㄧㄝˇ	Modal particle used at the end of a sentence, expressing assertion and affirmation. / Modal particle used at the end of a question for emphasis. / Modal particle used at the end of a cause-effect sentence to express explanation. / Modal particle used in the middle of a sentence to express a pause.	v1,p0050#05	p.84#04	p.55r1c01
所	戶+4	𢨷	suǒ ㄙㄨㄛˇ	Place. / Location. / A suitable place or location. / Measure word, used for counting buldings. / Used before a verb, creates a noun-like phrase. / If. Mainly used in oaths and curses. / Used together with 為 to indicate the passive tense. / Indicates an approximate number. / Number, number of times. / Meaning.	v3,p2259#01	p.415#16	p.556r1c01
至	至+0	𦤳𦤴𦤵𡊏	zhì dié ㄓˋ ㄉㄧㄝˊ	reach, arrive; extremely, very	v4,p2814#01	p.1001#11	p.1111r3c04
正	止+1	㱏𣥔𤴓𧾸	zhèng ㄓㄥˋ	Straight, not at an angle. / Appropriate. / Normal. / Decent, upstanding. / Fix, determine. / Govern, rule. / Set punishments. / Formal, primary. / Pure, unadulterated. / Son by one's official wife. / Luckily, fortuitously. / Expresses continuation of an action or state. / Officer. / Only. / Government, state affairs. / Prove, verify.	v2,p1436#01	p.574#02	p.732r5c02
			zhēng ㄓㄥ	First month in the Chinese calander. / Centre of a target. / Attack, punitive expedition.
其	八+6	丌亓	qí ㄑㄧˊ	Third-person possessive pronoun: his, her, its, their. / Demonstrative pronoun: that, those. / Adverb expressing estimation or guess. / Adverb expressing imperative. / Adverb expressing rhetorical question. / Adverb expressing future tense. / Connective expressing hypothesis: if, supposing. / Connective expressing choice: or. / Connective expressing concession: even if. / Particle used after an adjective. / Particle: of. / Particle used for emphasis after single-character adjectives or onomatopoeia. / Particle used in the middle of a sentence to alter the tempo.	v1,p0245#01	p.127#18	p.162r5c01
			jì ㄐㄧˋ	Particle used after bi and he.
			jī ㄐㄧ	Modal particle expressing interrogative tone. / A year.
然	火+8	燃𤓉	rán ㄖㄢˊ	Burn. / Demonstrative pronoun: like this, like that. / Expresses affirmation: true, indeed so. / Believe correct, affirm. / Adverb: actually, thus. / Connective: but, however, yet. / Particle used at the end of a sentence to express comparison. Like, as if. / Particle used after an adjective or adverb to express state. / Particle used at the end of a sentence to express affirmative mode.	v3,p2213#05	p.675#12	p.852r5c01
必	心+1		bì ㄅㄧˋ	surely, most certainly; must	v4,p2267#02	p.375#02	p.522r5c01
取	又+6		qǔ ㄑㄩˇ	(4.2) 採取，擇取。 Take, choose, pick out.	v1,p0395#01	p.166#04	p.236r3c01
之	丿+3	㞢	zhī ㄓ	(3) 第三人稱代詞：他、她、它。 Third person pronoun: him, her, it.	v1,p0043#01	p.82#04	p.47r2c02
也	乙+2	𠃟匜	yě ㄧㄝˇ	(2) 句中語氣詞：表示語氣的停頓。 Modal particle used in the middle of a sentence to express a pause.	v1,p0050#05	p.84#04	p.55r1c01
是	日+5	昰𣆞	shì ㄕˋ	Straight. / Right, correct. / Believe accurate, affirm. / Demonstrative pronoun: this. / Be (copula). / Auxiliary word, used after moving forward the object.	v2,p1497#05	p.493#26	p.639r1c01
故	攴+5		gù ㄍㄨˋ	Cause. / State of affairs. / Event, incident. / Plot. / Old. / Past, original. / Death. / On purpose. / Originally. / Hence, thus.	v2,p1453#05	p.469#25	p.601r5c01
辟	辛+6	避𠈳𠊸	pì pī bì mǐ ㄆㄧˋ ㄆㄧㄅㄧˋ ㄇㄧˇ	law, rule; open up, develop	v6,p4037#08	p.1251#06	p.1309r1c02
援	手+9		yuán ㄩㄢˊ	aid, assist; lead; cite	v3,p1921#05	p.445#02	p.586r4c02
推	手+8		tuī ㄊㄨㄟ	push, expel; push forward	v3,p1898#07	p.439#08	p.582r2c01
辭	辛+12	辞辤𤔧	cí ㄘˊ	Confession. / Speech, phrase, language. / Excuse, reason. / Tell, explain. / Refuse, not accept. / Dispatch, expel. / Bid farewell. / A form of writing in ancient China.	v6,p4043#13	p.1252#08	p.1310r3c02
行	行+0	行	xíng ㄒㄧㄥˊ	Walk, move (on foot). / Advance, move forward. / Leave, exit. / Patrol, go on inspection. / Inspection of the realm by the Son of Heaven. / Be married off. / Flow, circulate. / Channel, guide. / Revolution, circular motion. / Experience. / Luggage, belongings taken on a journey. / Do, carry out. / Actions. / Accomplishments. / Use, utilize. / Take over (an official duty). / Offer, present. / Moral conduct, behaviour. / A type of classical poem. / A piece of music. / Semi-cursive script. / Adverb: will, about to. / Adverb: again, once more. / Adverb: by chance, luckily. / Ambassador (official title). / Measure word for number of pourings of drinks.	v2,p0811#06	p.1108#31	p.1203r5c05
			háng ㄏㄤˊ	Road. / Track, pattern. / Row, line. / Row of soldiers in battle. / Unit of 25 soldiers. / Shaft of a feather (and by extension, wings). / Measure word for things which form rows. / Rank, position.
異	田+6	異𢄖异	yì ㄧˋ	different, unusual, strange	v4,p2540#05	p.763#18	p.916r1c02
轉	車+11	転转	zhuǎn zhuàn ㄓㄨㄢˇ ㄓㄨㄢˋ	shift, move, turn	v5,p3552#04	p.1248#17	p.1306r5c01
危	卩+4	𡵁	wēi wéi ㄨㄟㄨㄟˊ	dangerous, precarious; high	v1,p0312#03	p.159#12	p.226r2c01
遠	辵+10	逺𨖸𢕱远	yuǎn ㄩㄢˇ	Far off, remote (in distance). / Consider to be far off. / Long time. / Large or numerous differences. / Profound. / Forward looking and ambitious. / Remote, far-off place. / Far off countries.	v6,p3869#07	p.1263#12	p.1329r5c01
			yuàn ㄩㄢˋ	Leave, exit. / Keep away from, avoid. / Violate (a rule).
失	大+2		shī ㄕ	lose; make mistake, neglect	v1,p0525#01	p.249#09	p.368r3c01
流	水+6	流㳅	liú ㄌㄧㄡˊ	flow, circulate, drift; class	v3,p1631#12	p.623#04	p.791r1c02
離	隹+11	離离	lí lì lǐ chī gǔ ㄌㄧˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄔㄍㄨˇ	leave, depart; go away; separate	v6,p4106#02	p.1369#16	p.1445r2c02
本	木+1	夲楍㮺𡴡	běn ㄅㄣˇ	root, origin, source; basis	v2,p1151#01	p.509#07	p.666r3c01
則	刀+7	𠟻𠟭𠞋𠟔则	zé ㄗㄜˊ	Method, rule. / Mimic, emulate. / Level, grade. / Adverb used to emphasize an assertion. / Adverb used to express scope: only. / Connective expressing continuation: then, and then. / Connective emphasizing comparison. / Connective expressing contrast. / Connective expressing allowance: yet, even so. / Connective expressing unexpected turn of events. / Connective expressing suppostion: if.	v1,p0340#06	p.139#31	p.183r5c05
不	一+3	不𠀚𠙐	bù ㄅㄨˋ	(3.1) 否定副詞：用於動詞、形容詞等前面，表示否定。 Negational adverb, used before verbs, adjectives, etc. to indicate negation.	v1,p0011#06	p.76#15	p.30r1c01
可	口+2	歌厥	kě kè ㄎㄜˇ ㄎㄜˋ	may, can, -able; possibly	v1,p0567#07	p.172#12	p.244r1c02
審	宀+12	宷审	shěn ㄕㄣˇ	(4) 慎重，審慎。 Cautious, prudent, take seriously.	v2,p0954#05	p.291#22	p.429r6c03
常	巾+8		cháng ㄔㄤˊ	common, normal, frequent, regular	v1,p0744#01	p.333#12	p.477r2c01
用	用+0	𤰆𠛁	yòng ㄩㄥˋ	use, employ, apply, operate; use	v1,p0097#05	p.755#24	p.908r6c02
故	攴+5		gù ㄍㄨˋ	(8) 連詞：所以，因此。 Hence, thus.	v2,p1453#05	p.469#25	p.601r5c01
言	言+0	訁𢍗𢍬	yán ㄧㄢˊ	Speak, say. / Discuss, debate. / Tell. / Doctrine, theory, words. / One word. / Sentence. / Particle, no meaning.	v6,p3936#01	p.1146#01	p.1236r5c03
多	夕+3	夛𡖇𡖈	duō ㄉㄨㄛ	much, many; more than, over	v2,p0862#02	p.246#11	p.339r4c01
方	方+0	𤙗	fāng ㄈㄤ	Two boats in line. / Two boats travelling together. / Together, in a row. / Same, equivalent. / Comparison, metaphor. / Square. / Upright, honest. / Land, earth. / Vicinity, area around. / Place, area. / One side, one area. / Wooden board used for writing in ancient times. / (Medical) prescription. / Direction. / Convention. / Standard, rule. / The proper way. / Method, way. / Specialized techniques. / Occupy. / Disobey. / Preposition: just then. / Adverb: while. / Adverb: about to. / Adverb: just. / Criticism.	v3,p2172#01	p.481#03	p.619r4c01
			páng ㄆㄤˊ	Wide, universal.
殊	歹+6		shū ㄕㄨ	different, special, unusual	v2,p1385#13	p.580#25	p.741r5c02
類	頁+10	類𩔗类	lèi lì ㄌㄟˋ ㄌㄧˋ	class, group, kind, category	v7,p4387#04	p.1408#13	p.1481r3c03
故	攴+5		gù ㄍㄨˋ	(1) 緣故，原因。 Cause.	v2,p1453#05	p.469#25	p.601r5c01
偏	人+9		piān ㄆㄧㄢ	inclined one side; slanting	v1,p0195#10	p.110#16	p.117r4c03
觀	見+18	覌𥍊𥸑𥷯观	guān guàn ㄍㄨㄢㄍㄨㄢˋ	see, observe, view; appearance	v6,p3677#05	p.1138#14	p.1231r6c04
或	戈+4	𢈿	huò ㄏㄨㄛˋ	(5) 或者，也許。 Either, perhaps.	v2,p1402#08	p.412#18	p.552r5c01
乃	丿+1	廼𢏩𢎧迺𠄎𠧤	nǎi ㄋㄞˇ	Second person pronoun: you. / Demonstrative pronoun: like this, thus. / Adverb: expresses affirmation. / Adverb: expresses limiting of scope: only, just. / Adverb: and then. / Adverb: just. / Adverb: expresses two contradictory or contrasting states of affairs. / Adverb: expresses beginning, origin. / Connective: hence / Adverb: regarding, as for. / Connective: if. / Particle, no meaning.	v1,p0031#05	p.81#12	p.46r6c01
一	一+0	弌壹	yī ㄧ	one; a, an; alone	v1,p0001#01	p.75#01	p.1r1c01
周	口+5	週𠱬𠄗	zhōu ㄓㄡ	Surround. / Cyclicly, repeatedly. / (Travel) widely. / Careful, detailed. / Firm, unshaken. / Measure word: number of times. / Friendly, approachable. / Suitable, appropriate (for). / Turning place, corner. / Most (superlative). / Assist financially. / The Zhou dynasty.	v1,p0606#03	p.181#36
非	非+0		fēi ㄈㄟ	Violate, go against (a rule). / Wrong, bad. / Not real, untrue. / Oppose, object to. / Slander, condemn. / Sarcasm, irony. / Absence of, not have. / Adverb: not, is not.	v6,p4086#01	p.1382#11	p.1463r6c02
			fěi ㄈㄟˇ	Same as 「誹(2)」 fěi ㄈㄟˇ: Slander.

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