Chinese Text Project Dictionary

Chinese Text Project	Chinese Text Project
	Simplified Chinese version

Confucianism -> Liji -> Sang Da Ji -> 9

凡主人之出也，徒跣扱衽拊心，降自西阶。君拜寄公国宾于位；大夫于君命，迎于寝门外，使者升堂致命，主人拜于下；士于大夫亲吊则与之哭；不逆于门外。

Whenever the presiding mourner went forth (to meet visitors), he had his feet bare, his skirt tucked under his girdle, and his hands across his chest over his heart. Having gone down by the steps on the west, if a ruler, he bowed to a refugee ruler, or a minister commissioned from another state, each in his proper place. When a message from his ruler came to a Great officer, he came to the outside of the door of the apartment (where the dead was), to receive the messenger who had ascended to the hall and communicated his instructions. (They then went down together), and the mourner bowed to the messenger below. When a Great officer came himself to condole with an ordinary officer, the latter wailed along with him, but did not meet him outside the gate.

Character	Composition	Variants	Reading	Meaning	Hanyu	Kangxi	Cihai
凡	几+1	凢凣	fán ㄈㄢˊ	Summary. / Ordinary. / All, every. / In total. / Adverb: approximately. / Name of a state.	v1,p0276#03	p.134#02	p.170r4c02
主	丶+4	丶宔	zhǔ ㄓㄨˇ	master, chief owner; host; lord	v1,p0044#03	p.80#20	p.45r2c01
人	人+0	𠔽亻	rén ㄖㄣˊ	Man, person. / Others, other people. / The people, ordinary men. / Talent, material. / [A man's] character. / Affairs of men, world of man. / Benevolence.	v1,p0101#10	p.91#01	p.80r2c01
之	丿+3	㞢	zhī ㄓ	Towards; go to. / Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Third person pronoun: him, her, it. / Auxiliary word: of. / Auxiliary word: used between subject and predicate, cancels independence of a clause. / Auxiliary word: used in a sentence for aesthetic purpose only, no meaning.	v1,p0043#01	p.82#04	p.47r2c02
出	凵+3	岀	chū ㄔㄨ	Go out, exit. / Outside, without. / Take up a post. / Exile, banish. / Abandon (one's wife). / Free, release. / Give out, hand over. / Give, offer. / Send out, distribute. / Exceed. / Appear, emerge. / Create, make. / Produce, cause to grow. / Bear, give birth. / Origin, place of birth. / Part of an object which extends outwards. / Measure word: times, occurrences. / Measure word: section.	v1,p0307#08	p.135#11	p.172r1c01
也	乙+2	𠃟匜	yě ㄧㄝˇ	Modal particle used at the end of a sentence, expressing assertion and affirmation. / Modal particle used at the end of a question for emphasis. / Modal particle used at the end of a cause-effect sentence to express explanation. / Modal particle used in the middle of a sentence to express a pause.	v1,p0050#05	p.84#04	p.55r1c01
徒	彳+7	𨑒𠫠	tú ㄊㄨˊ	disciple, follower; go on foot	v2,p0823#03	p.367#22	p.513r4c01
跣	足+6		xiǎn xiān sǔn ㄒㄧㄢˇ ㄒㄧㄢㄙㄨㄣˇ	bare footed	v6,p3702#11	p.1224#19	p.1289r5c01
扱	手+4	插	xī chā ㄒㄧㄔㄚ	collect, draw in, gather; receive	v3,p1831#08	p.418#25	p.560r5c03
衽	衣+4	袵	rèn ㄖㄣˋ	lapel; hidden lapel of coat	v5,p3078#12	p.1113#03	p.1210r3c05
拊	手+5	抚	fǔ ㄈㄨˇ	slap; pat; tap; handle of a vessel	v3,p1854#02	p.425#02	p.568r5c01
心	心+0	㣺忄	xīn ㄒㄧㄣ	heart; mind, intelligence; soul	v4,p2267#01	p.375#01	p.521r1c01
降	阜+6	降夅	jiàng xiáng xiàng ㄐㄧㄤˋ ㄒㄧㄤˊ ㄒㄧㄤˋ	descend, fall, drop; lower, down	v6,p4126#18	p.1349#12	p.1421r2c02
自	自+0	𦣹鼻	zì ㄗˋ	(3) 从。 From.	v5,p3046#01	p.1000#07	p.1108r3c01
西	襾+0	覀𠧧㢴	xī ㄒㄧ	west(ern); westward, occident	v4,p2805#02	p.1128#10	p.1221r6c03
阶	阜+9	堦阶	jiē ㄐㄧㄝ	stairs, steps; rank, degree	v6,p4143#04	p.1357#09	p.1432r4c02
君	口+4	𠱩𠱭	jūn ㄐㄩㄣ	The son of heaven. / The ruler of a state. / Dafu (title). / To be ruler. / To rule, to govern.	v1,p0595#06	p.177#07	p.256r6c08
拜	手+5	拝𣬊𣬓𢰛𢴽𡴬	bài ㄅㄞˋ	do obeisance, bow, kowtow	v3,p1846#07	p.427#02	p.571r4c01
寄	宀+8		jì ㄐㄧˋ	send, transmit, mail; rely on	v2,p0937#01	p.288#04	p.423r4c01
公	八+2	㒶	gōng ㄍㄨㄥ	fair, equitable; public; duke	v1,p0242#01	p.126#28	p.151r3c01
国	囗+8	圀国囗囶𢧌䆐囯国	guó ㄍㄨㄛˊ	nation, country, nation-state	v1,p0720#09	p.219#16	p.303r4c02
宾	贝+7	𧶉𡫅𥦎𡧍賔宾	bīn bìn ㄅㄧㄣㄅㄧㄣˋ	guest, visitor; surname; submit	v6,p3643#08	p.1208#37	p.1275r5c05
于	二+1	扵于	yú ㄩˊ	Go to, go towards. / Take. / Rim of the mouth of a bell. / A type of plant. / [Onomatopoeia] / Same as “于(3.1)” yú ㄩˊ: Preposition: in. / Same as “于(3.2)” yú ㄩˊ: Preposition: from or to. / Same as “于(3.3)” yú ㄩˊ: Preposition: compared to. / Same as “于(3.4)” yú ㄩˊ: Preposition: to, for, towards. / Same as “于(3.5)” yú ㄩˊ: Preposition: by (indicating passive tense). / Same as “于(3.6)” yú ㄩˊ: Preposition: with, using. / Same as “于(3.7)” yú ㄩˊ: Preposition: due to, because of. / Same as “于(3.8)” yú ㄩˊ: Preposition: by, according to. / Preposition: for, in place of. / Connective: and. / Auxiliary word: used in a sentence for aesthetic purpose only, no meaning. / Auxiliary word: used in at the end of a sentence to express questioning.	v1,p0004#05	p.86#06	p.63r3c02
位	人+5		wèi ㄨㄟˋ	throne; position, post; rank, status; seat	v1,p0138#03	p.98#07	p.96r1c04
大	大+0	𠘲	dà ㄉㄚˋ	Large, great. / Exceed, be greater than. / Venerate, treat as being great. / Many. / Thick, coarse. / Elder. / Respectful term of address. / Adverb expressing high level or broad range.	v1,p0520#01	p.248#01	p.342r3c03
			tài ㄊㄞˋ	Most (superlative). / Too much. / Peaceful, tranquil.
夫	大+1		fū ㄈㄨ	General term for adult men. / Adult labourers in particular. / Soldier. / Respectful term for a man. / Husband. / Unit of area equal to one hundred mu.	v1,p0521#01	p.248#11	p.367r2c01
			fú ㄈㄨˊ	Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Modal particle used at the start of a sentence for emphasis or to indicate an assertion. / Modal particle used in the middle of a sentence to soften the tone. / Modal particle used at the end of a sentence to express exclamation.
于	方+4	乌𣱏𤕘于亏扵	yú ㄩˊ	Be (copula). / Be, exist. / Preposition: in. / Preposition: from or to. / Preposition: compared to. / Preposition: to, for, towards. / Preposition: by (indicating passive tense). / Preposition: with, using. / Preposition: due to, because of. / Preposition: by, according to. / Connective: just as. / Auxiliary word, no meaning.	v3,p2175#02	p.481#11	p.622r2c03
命	口+5		mìng ㄇㄧㄥˋ	Order, command. / Written order, commandment. / Send (on a mission), dispatch. / A (diplomatic) mission. / Force, make do. / Instruct, tell. / Gift given by a ruler to his ministers by rank. / Will of heaven. / Fate. / Life, lifespan. / Call, name, assign a name to. / Know for certain.	v1,p0604#11	p.183#18	p.266r6c01
迎	辵+4		yíng yìng ㄧㄥˊ ㄧㄥˋ	receive, welcome, greet	v6,p3821#09	p.1254#03	p.1312r5c01
寝	宀+11	𡨦𡫒实寝	qǐn ㄑㄧㄣˇ	sleep, rest; bed chamber	v2,p0951#01	p.290#22	p.427r3c01
门	门+0	门	mén ㄇㄣˊ	gate, door, entrance, opening	v7,p4281#01	p.1329#53	p.1403r4c05
外	夕+2	𡖄舀	wài ㄨㄞˋ	out, outside, external; foreign	v2,p0860#01	p.246#02	p.336r4c02
使	人+6	𡥐𠭆	shǐ ㄕˇ	Order, send (on a mission). / Cause, make. / Allocate, use. / Indulge in.. / Send as an envoy. / Envoy, messenger. / Connective: if, supposing.	v1,p0145#02	p.101#05	p.101r3c03
者	老+4		zhě ㄓㄜˇ	Pronoun used after verbs, adjectives, etc. in place of a person or thing. / Pronoun used after numbers in place of a thing. / Pronoun used after time or negation to express "when" or "if". / Expressive particle used in a declarative sentence after the subject. / Expressive particle used in a sentence after the subject to express cause or explanation.	v4,p2780#05	p.961#01	p.1080r1c01
			zhuó ㄓㄨㄛˊ	In, located in.
升	十+2	升	shēng ㄕㄥ	Unit of volume equivalent to one tenth of one dou. / Unit of measurement of alcohol. / Unit of fabric equivalent to 80 lu. / Ascend, go up. / Mature, ripe. / Offer as tribute.	v1,p0033#05	p.156#03	p.214r1c03
堂	土+8	坣㙶	táng ㄊㄤˊ	hall; government office	v1,p0452#14	p.231#23	p.322r6c01
致	至+3	致	zhì zhuì ㄓˋ ㄓㄨㄟˋ	send, deliver, present; cause	v4,p2815#06	p.1001#19	p.602r5c01
下	一+2	丅厥𠄟	xià ㄒㄧㄚˋ	under, underneath, below; down; inferior; bring down	v1,p0007#01	p.76#10	p.28r1c01
士	士+0		shì ㄕˋ	scholar, gentleman; soldier	v1,p0416#01	p.242#38	p.333r1c03
亲	见+9	𢈥寴𡩁亲	qīn ㄑㄧㄣ	Parents. / Relatives. / Love, favour. / Close, intimate. / Contact, touch. / Personally. / Do oneself.	v6,p3671#12	p.1136#12	p.1230r5c04
吊	口+3	吊	diào ㄉㄧㄠˋ	condole, mourn, pity; hang	v1,p0579#01	p.175#03	p.256r6c05
则	刀+7	𠟻𠟭𠞋𠟔则	zé ㄗㄜˊ	Method, rule. / Mimic, emulate. / Level, grade. / Adverb used to emphasize an assertion. / Adverb used to express scope: only. / Connective expressing continuation: then, and then. / Connective emphasizing comparison. / Connective expressing contrast. / Connective expressing allowance: yet, even so. / Connective expressing unexpected turn of events. / Connective expressing suppostion: if.	v1,p0340#06	p.139#31	p.183r5c05
与	臼+8	与𢌱𦦲𠔔	yǔ ㄩˇ	Give. / Follow, go along with. / Comrade, ally. / Association, contact. / Oppose. / Engage [an enemy]. / Approve, consent to. / Help. / Wait. / Preposition indicating passive tense. / Preposition: to, with. / Preposition: with. / Preposition: as. / Preposition: in, on. / Connective: and, with. / Connective: with its ... / Connective: or.	v1,p0251#04	p.1004#13	p.1113r2c03
			yù ㄩˋ	Participate, take part in.
			yǔ ㄩˇ	Interfere in.
			yú ㄩˊ	Auxiliary word: used at the end of a sentence to express questioning , exclamation, or a rhetorical question. / Auxiliary word: used in the middle of a sentence to express a pause.
哭	口+7		kū ㄎㄨ	weep, cry, wail	v1,p0629#02	p.190#25	p.276r1c03
不	一+3	不𠀚𠙐	bù ㄅㄨˋ	Not have. / To not be. / Negational adverb, used before verbs, adjectives, etc. to indicate negation. / Negational adverb expressing prohibition: do not. / Negational adverb expressing rhetorical question: is not...?	v1,p0011#06	p.76#15	p.30r1c01
			fǒu ㄈㄡˇ	Same as “否(1.2)” fǒu ㄈㄡˇ: Adverb used together with an affirmative word, expressing its negative or opposite. / Same as “否(1.3)” fǒu ㄈㄡˇ: Adverb used at the end of a question to form a yes-no question.
			fū ㄈㄨ	Sepal of a flower.
			pī ㄆㄧ	Same as “丕(1)” pī ㄆㄧ: Large.
			bǐ ㄅㄧˇ	Show disdain for.
逆	辵+6		nì ㄋㄧˋ	disobey, rebel; rebel, traitor	v6,p3833#02	p.1256#30	p.1315r2c01
于	方+4	乌𣱏𤕘于亏扵	yú ㄩˊ	(3.1) 介词，相当于“在”。 Preposition: in.	v3,p2175#02	p.481#11	p.622r2c03

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