| Chinese Text Project |
| 或問：「為政有幾？」 | Someone asked: Does governing have a key element? |
| 曰：「思斁。」 | Yangzi said: Being cherished or being despised. |
| 或問「思斁」？ | The other asked about being cherished and being despised. |
| 曰：「昔在周公，征於東方，四國是王。 | Yangzi said: In the past the Duke of Zhou attacked and rectified the four kingdoms of the east. |
| 召伯述職， | Shaobo carried out his duties |
| 蔽芾甘棠， | and resided under "the shade of the pear tree." |
| 其思矣。 | Being thus remembered in verse is being cherished. |
| 夫齊桓欲徑陳， | Huan of Qi wanted to pass through Chen, |
| 陳不果內， | but Chen would not allow him to enter, |
| 執袁濤塗， | so he arrested Yuan Taotu. |
| 其斁矣夫。 | This is being despised. |
| 於戲， | Alas! |
| 從政者審其思斁而已矣。」 | One who governs simply has to pay close attention to whether he is cherished or despised. |
| Character | Composition | Variants | Reading | Meaning | Hanyu | Kangxi | Cihai |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 或 | 戈+4 | 𢈿 | huò ㄏㄨㄛˋ | (1) 代詞：代人或事物：有的，有人。 Pronoun: some, someone, something. | v2,p1402#08 | p.412#18 | p.552r5c01 |
| 問 | 口+8 | 𠳅 问 | wèn ㄨㄣˋ | Ask, inquire. / Investigate, look into. / Inquire after, give regards to. / Interrogate, question. / Visit (another states). / Research, investigate. / Give, present with. / Tell. / Sound. / Same as 「聞(7)」 wèn ㄨㄣˋ: Reputation, fame. | v7,p4284#03 | p.195#10 | p.279r3c03 |
| 為 | 火+5 | 爲 为 | wéi ㄨㄟˊ | Create, make. / Build, construct. / Do. / Plant, grow. / Govern. / Research, study. / Serve as. / Change into, become. / As, in the role of. / Count as, be considered as. / Called, named. / Expresses judgement: is. / Make, cause (to). / Have. / Take part in. / Write, author. / Connective: if. / Particle used in the middle of a sentence to move forward the object. / Modal particle used at the end of a sentence to express a rhetorical question. | v3,p2198#11 | p.669#10 | p.844r4c03 |
| wèi ㄨㄟˋ | Help, assist. / Preposition: for, on behalf of. / Preposition: by (passive). / Preposition: because of, due to. / Preposition: with, together with. / Connective: because. / Say. / False, fake. | ||||||
| 政 | 攴+4 | zhèng zhēng ㄓㄥˋ ㄓㄥ | government, political affairs | v2,p1453#03 | p.469#06 | p.601r2c01 | |
| 有 | 月+2 | | yǒu ㄧㄡˇ | Have, possess. / Store, collect. / Occupy. / Hold on to, retain. / Have in abundance. / Good harvest. / Obtain. / Only. / Be, exist. / Occur, happen. / Make. / Particle used before a noun with no meaning. / Particle used before a monosyllabic adjective with no meaning. / Particle used before a verb with no meaning. / Still, yet. / Some people. / Region. | v3,p2041#05 | p.504#20 | p.656r5c01 |
| yòu ㄧㄡˋ | Help, assist. / Same as 「又(3)」 yòu ㄧㄡˋ: Moreover. | ||||||
| 幾 | 幺+9 | 𢆻 𢆼 几 | jǐ jī ㄐㄧˇ ㄐㄧ | how many? how much?; a few, some | v2,p1095#08 | p.342#14 | p.486r2c02 |
| 曰 | 曰+0 | yuē ㄩㄝ | (1) 說。 Say, speak. | v2,p1482#02 | p.502#01 | p.648r3c03 | |
| 思 | 心+5 | 恖 𠂺 𡴓 𢍄 | sī sì sāi ㄙ ㄙˋ ㄙㄞ | think, consider, ponder; final particle | v4,p2280#04 | p.381#04 | p.526r1c02 |
| 斁 | 攴+13 | 𤢕 | yì dù ㄧˋ ㄉㄨˋ | dislike; be weary of; explain | v2,p1478#06 | p.476#01 | p.608r2c01 |
| 昔 | 日+4 | xī cuò xí ㄒㄧ ㄘㄨㄛˋ ㄒㄧˊ | formerly; ancient; in beginning | v2,p1488#11 | p.492#05 | p.634r5c01 | |
| 在 | 土+3 | zài ㄗㄞˋ | Exist, be alive. / Be in a certain place. / Inquire after, pay one's respects to. / Preposition: due to, being that. / Preposition: specifies location or time of an action - in, at. | v1,p0418#07 | p.223#10 | p.312r2c07 | |
| 周公 | 口+5 八+2 | 週 𠱬 𠄗 㒶 | zhōu gōng ㄓㄡ ㄍㄨㄥ | Same as 「周文公」 zhōu wén gōng ㄓㄡ ㄨㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄥ: 姓姬，名旦，西周政治家。 Duke Wen of Zhou | v1,p0606#03 v1,p0242#01 | p.181#36 p.126#28 | p.151r3c01 |
| 征 | 彳+5 | 徰 徵 | zhēng ㄓㄥ | invade, attack, conquer | v2,p0815#02 | p.365#37 | p.510r2c01 |
| 於 | 方+4 | 烏 𣱏 𤕘 于 亏 扵 | yú ㄩˊ | Be (copula). / Be, exist. / Preposition: in. / Preposition: from or to. / Preposition: compared to. / Preposition: to, for, towards. / Preposition: by (indicating passive tense). / Preposition: with, using. / Preposition: due to, because of. / Preposition: by, according to. / Connective: just as. / Auxiliary word, no meaning. | v3,p2175#02 | p.481#11 | p.622r2c03 |
| 東 | 木+4 | 东 | dōng ㄉㄨㄥ | east, eastern, eastward | v2,p1165#04 | p.513#12 | p.675r6c02 |
| 方 | 方+0 | 𤙗 | fāng ㄈㄤ | (11) 方向，方位。 Direction. | v3,p2172#01 | p.481#03 | p.619r4c01 |
| 四 | 囗+2 | 𦉭 肆 | sì ㄙˋ | four | v1,p0710#16 | p.216#22 | p.294r6c01 |
| 國 | 囗+8 | 圀 國 囗 囶 𢧌 䆐 囯 国 | guó ㄍㄨㄛˊ | nation, country, nation-state | v1,p0720#09 | p.219#16 | p.303r4c02 |
| 是 | 日+5 | 昰 𣆞 | shì ㄕˋ | Straight. / Right, correct. / Believe accurate, affirm. / Demonstrative pronoun: this. / Be (copula). / Auxiliary word, used after moving forward the object. | v2,p1497#05 | p.493#26 | p.639r1c01 |
| 王 | 玉+0 | wáng ㄨㄤˊ | King, title of supreme ruler of the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties. / Ruler of a vassal state in the warring states period. / Highest title in feudal China. / Meet with the emperor. / Respectful term for one's paternal grandparents. | v2,p1099#10 | p.727#02 | p.888r1c02 | |
| wàng ㄨㄤˋ | Rule as king, control all under heaven. / Enfeoff as king. / Flourish, abound. | ||||||
| wǎng ㄨㄤˇ | To, go to. | ||||||
| 召 | 口+2 | zhào shào ㄓㄠˋ ㄕㄠˋ | imperial decree; summon | v1,p0574#03 | p.172#07 | p.243r5c01 | |
| 伯 | 人+5 | bó bǎi bà ㄅㄛˊ ㄅㄞˇ ㄅㄚˋ | older brother; father's elder brother; senior male 'sire'; feudal rank 'count' | v1,p0136#02 | p.96#16 | p.93r5c03 | |
| 述 | 辵+5 | shù ㄕㄨˋ | narrate, state, express | v6,p3822#13 | p.1255#11 | p.1313r4c03 | |
| 職 | 耳+12 | 軄 职 | zhí zhì tè ㄓˊ ㄓˋ ㄊㄜˋ | duty, profession; office, post | v4,p2797#14 | p.970#04 | p.1086r4c01 |
| 蔽 | 艸+12 | 芘 | bì fù ㄅㄧˋ ㄈㄨˋ | cover, hide, conceal; shelter | v5,p3277#19 | p.1056#15 | p.1166r6c01 |
| 芾 | 艸+4 | fèi fù fú ㄈㄟˋ ㄈㄨˋ ㄈㄨˊ | flower; small; little; lush | v5,p3178#06 | p.1021#14 | p.1128r1c03 | |
| 甘 | 甘+0 | 𠙸 𠙿 | gān ㄍㄢ | sweetness; sweet, tasty | v4,p2413#01 | p.753#19 | p.905r3c03 |
| 棠 | 木+8 | táng ㄊㄤˊ | crab apple tree; wild plums | v2,p1231#07 | p.533#14 | p.703r6c02 | |
| 其 | 八+6 | 丌 亓 | qí ㄑㄧˊ | Third-person possessive pronoun: his, her, its, their. / Demonstrative pronoun: that, those. / Adverb expressing estimation or guess. / Adverb expressing imperative. / Adverb expressing rhetorical question. / Adverb expressing future tense. / Connective expressing hypothesis: if, supposing. / Connective expressing choice: or. / Connective expressing concession: even if. / Particle used after an adjective. / Particle: of. / Particle used for emphasis after single-character adjectives or onomatopoeia. / Particle used in the middle of a sentence to alter the tempo. | v1,p0245#01 | p.127#18 | p.162r5c01 |
| jì ㄐㄧˋ | Particle used after bi and he. | ||||||
| jī ㄐㄧ | Modal particle expressing interrogative tone. / A year. | ||||||
| 矣 | 矢+2 | 𠤘 | yǐ ㄧˇ | Modal particle used to express declaration. / Modal particle used to express exclamation. / Modal particle used to express an order or request. | v4,p2580#04 | p.823#37 | p.955r5c01 |
| 夫 | 大+1 | fū ㄈㄨ | General term for adult men. / Adult labourers in particular. / Soldier. / Respectful term for a man. / Husband. / Unit of area equal to one hundred mu. | v1,p0521#01 | p.248#11 | p.367r2c01 | |
| fú ㄈㄨˊ | Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Modal particle used at the start of a sentence for emphasis or to indicate an assertion. / Modal particle used in the middle of a sentence to soften the tone. / Modal particle used at the end of a sentence to express exclamation. | ||||||
| 齊桓 | 齊+0 木+6 | 亝 斉 斋 齋 齐 | qí huán ㄑㄧˊ ㄏㄨㄢˊ | Same as 「齊桓公」 qí huán gōng ㄑㄧˊ ㄏㄨㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄥ: 姓名：姜小白，在位前685-前643。 Duke Huan of Qi (ruled 685 BC-643 BC)  | v7,p4783#01 v2,p1195#06 | p.1531#06 p.526#05 | p.1569r4c01 p.696r3c01 |
| 欲 | 欠+7 | 慾 | yù ㄩˋ | desire, want, long for; intend | v3,p2140#07 | p.567#36 | p.729r4c02 |
| 徑 | 彳+7 | 俓 勁 径 | jìng ㄐㄧㄥˋ | narrow path; diameter; direct | v2,p0824#07 | p.367#19 | p.513r3c01 |
| 陳 | 阜+8 | 𨸬 軙 敶 陣 陈 | chén zhèn ㄔㄣˊ ㄓㄣˋ | exhibit, display; plead; surname | v6,p4136#01 | p.1353#19 | p.1424r5c01 |
| 不 | 一+3 | 不 𠀚 𠙐 | bù ㄅㄨˋ | Not have. / To not be. / Negational adverb, used before verbs, adjectives, etc. to indicate negation. / Negational adverb expressing prohibition: do not. / Negational adverb expressing rhetorical question: is not...? | v1,p0011#06 | p.76#15 | p.30r1c01 |
| fǒu ㄈㄡˇ | Same as 「否(1.2)」 fǒu ㄈㄡˇ: Adverb used together with an affirmative word, expressing its negative or opposite. / Same as 「否(1.3)」 fǒu ㄈㄡˇ: Adverb used at the end of a question to form a yes-no question. | ||||||
| fū ㄈㄨ | Sepal of a flower. | ||||||
| pī ㄆㄧ | Same as 「丕(1)」 pī ㄆㄧ: Large. | ||||||
| bǐ ㄅㄧˇ | Show disdain for. | ||||||
| 果 | 木+4 | 菓 | guǒ kè luǒ wǒ ㄍㄨㄛˇ ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄨㄛˇ ㄨㄛˇ | fruit; result | v2,p1168#11 | p.516#11 | p.682r6c01 |
| 內 | 入+2 | 𡗠 内 | nèi nà ㄋㄟˋ ㄋㄚˋ | inside, interior; domestic | v1,p0097#02 | p.125#35 | p.141r5c02 |
| 執 | 土+8 | 执 𠌷 | zhí ㄓˊ | hold in hand; keep; carry out | v1,p0457#05 | p.231#09 | p.321r1c02 |
| 袁 | 衣+4 | yuán ㄩㄢˊ | robe; surname | v1,p0444#11 | p.1113#08 | p.1210r4c01 | |
| 濤 | 水+14 | 涛 | tāo táo cháo shòu dào ㄊㄠ ㄊㄠˊ ㄔㄠˊ ㄕㄡˋ ㄉㄠˋ | large waves | v3,p1765#16 | p.656#12 | p.836r6c01 |
| 塗 | 土+10 | 凃 涂 | tú ㄊㄨˊ | smear, daub, apply, spread; paint | v1,p0474#08 | p.235#20 | p.326r3c02 |
| 戲 | 戈+13 | 戯 戱 呼 戏 | xì xī ㄒㄧˋ ㄒㄧ | theatrical play, show | v2,p1413#13 | p.414#23 | p.554r2c02 |
| 從 | 彳+8 | 従 从 | cóng ㄘㄨㄥˊ | Follow, accompany. / Cause to follow, make go along with. / Pursue, chase after. / Die with, bury along with the dead. / Listen to, do as required. / Eloquent. / Obedient, submissive. / Route to peaceful society, correct order. / Perform, participate in. / Blood relation through the male line. / Secondary, sub- (of official titles). / Preposition: from. / Preposition: towards. / Preposition: because of, due to. / Addition, also. | v2,p0829#12 | p.368#18 | p.514r5c01 |
| zòng ㄗㄨㄥˋ | North-south. / Alliance of states opposed to the Qin alliance. / Straight, upright. / Indulge, allow to. / Connective: even if. | ||||||
| zōng ㄗㄨㄥ | Trace, vestige. | ||||||
| sǒng ㄙㄨㄥˇ | See 從容。 | ||||||
| 者 | 老+4 | zhě ㄓㄜˇ | Pronoun used after verbs, adjectives, etc. in place of a person or thing. / Pronoun used after numbers in place of a thing. / Pronoun used after time or negation to express "when" or "if". / Expressive particle used in a declarative sentence after the subject. / Expressive particle used in a sentence after the subject to express cause or explanation. | v4,p2780#05 | p.961#01 | p.1080r1c01 | |
| zhuó ㄓㄨㄛˊ | In, located in. | ||||||
| 審 | 宀+12 | 宷 审 | shěn ㄕㄣˇ | Detailed, thorough. / Investigate thoroughly, research. / Interrogation, trial. / Clear, unambiguous. / Cautious, prudent, take seriously. / True, reliable. | v2,p0954#05 | p.291#22 | p.429r6c03 |
| pán ㄆㄢˊ | Place where water swirls about. | ||||||
| 而 | 而+0 | ér ㄦˊ | Whiskers. / Like, similar to. / Pronoun: you. / Pronoun: this, like this. / Connective: and, with. / Connective: and, then. / Connective: if, supposing. / Connective: yet, however. / Connective: therefore, hence. / Connective: expresses method or state. / Particle: of. / Expressive particle. | v4,p2810#01 | p.961#18 | p.1080r2c03 | |
| néng ㄋㄥˊ | Same as 「能(3)」 néng ㄋㄥˊ: Able to, competent. / Same as 「能(2.1)」 néng ㄋㄥˊ: Ability, talent. | ||||||
| 已 | 己+0 | yǐ ㄧˇ | Stop, discontinue. / Complete / The past. / Recover, be cured. / Leave [a post], retire. / Value and carry out. / Adverb: shortly, before long. / Adverb: already. / Adverb: extremely. / Modal particle used at the end of a sentence. / Interjection. / Same as 「以(1)」 yǐ ㄧˇ: Use. / Same as 「以(9)」 yǐ ㄧˇ: Particle: used together with some words expressing direction and time. | v2,p0984#01 | p.326#11 | p.467r3c01 |
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