Chinese Text Project Dictionary

Chinese Text Project	Chinese Text Project
	Simplified Chinese version

Confucianism -> Liji -> Ai Gong Wen -> 9

公曰：“敢问何谓敬身？”

The duke said, 'I venture to ask what is meant by "respecting one's self."'

孔子对曰：“君子过言，则民作辞；过动，则民作则。君子言不过辞，动不过则，百姓不命而敬恭，如是，则能敬其身；能敬其身，则能成其亲矣。”

Confucius replied, 'When a man who is over others transgresses in his words, the people will fashion their speech accordingly; when he transgresses in his actions, the people will make him their model. If in his words he do not go beyond what should be said, nor in his actions what should be a model, then the people, without being commanded, will reverence and honour him. When this obtains, he can be said to have respected his person. Having succeeded in respecting his person, he will (at the same time) be able to do all that can be done for his parents.'

Character	Composition	Variants	Reading	Meaning	Hanyu	Kangxi	Cihai
公	八+2	㒶	gōng ㄍㄨㄥ	fair, equitable; public; duke	v1,p0242#01	p.126#28	p.151r3c01
曰	曰+0		yuē ㄩㄝ	(1) 说。 Say, speak.	v2,p1482#02	p.502#01	p.648r3c03
敢	攴+8	𠭖𢽤𣪏	gǎn ㄍㄢˇ	to dare, venture; bold, brave	v2,p1463#09	p.472#26	p.605r4c02
问	口+8	𠳅问	wèn ㄨㄣˋ	Ask, inquire. / Investigate, look into. / Inquire after, give regards to. / Interrogate, question. / Visit (another states). / Research, investigate. / Give, present with. / Tell. / Sound. / Same as “闻(7)” wèn ㄨㄣˋ: Reputation, fame.	v7,p4284#03	p.195#10	p.279r3c03
何	人+5		hé ㄏㄜˊ	Ask, enquire. / What. / Who, which one. / How, in what way. / Why, for what reason. / Where, in what place. / How much, to what extent.	v1,p0130#04	p.98#15	p.97r2c04
			hē ㄏㄜ	Criticize, condemn.
			hè ㄏㄜˋ	Carry on one's back. / Bear, carry a burden.
谓	言+9	谓	wèi ㄨㄟˋ	To (when speaking to someone). / Say, speak. / Call, name. / Meaning, what is meant. / Discuss, comment on (a person). / How? / Same as “为(21.3)” wèi ㄨㄟˋ: Preposition: because of, due to.	v6,p3997#06	p.1173#12	p.1251r6c01
			wéi ㄨㄟˊ	Same as “为(10)” wéi ㄨㄟˊ: Count as, be considered as.
敬	攴+9	𣀖𢿩	jìng ㄐㄧㄥˋ	respect, honor; respectfully	v2,p1466#02	p.473#35	p.606r5c02
身	身+0		shēn ㄕㄣ	Pregnant. / The body (of a person or animal). / Itself. / I, myself. / Personally, directly. / Personally experience or carry out. / Life. / One's own moral character, ability, etc. / A world in buddhist doctrine.	v6,p3807#01	p.1237#01	p.1295r6c01
			yuān ㄩㄢ	Same as “身毒” yuān dú ㄩㄢㄉㄨˊ: India.
孔子	子+1 子+0	𡤿㜽𢀈𢀉𡐫𣕓只	kǒng zǐ ㄎㄨㄥˇ ㄗˇ	先秦思想家，名丘，字仲尼。 Confucius, a pre-Qin philosopher.	v2,p1008#04 v2,p1006#06	p.277#09 p.277#01	p.396r6c02 p.395r1c01
对	寸+11	对	duì ㄉㄨㄟˋ	(1.1) 答，回答。 Reply, answer.	v1,p0511#09	p.296#07	p.536r3c02
君子	口+4 子+0	𠱩𠱭㜽𢀈𢀉𡐫𣕓只	jūnzǐ ㄐㄩㄣㄗˇ	(2) 有道德的人。 A moral man.	v1,p0595#06 v2,p1006#06	p.177#07 p.277#01	p.256r6c08 p.395r1c01
过	辵+9	过𨓺	guò ㄍㄨㄛˋ	Pass by, go by. / Exceed, go beyond. / Too much, excess. / Mistake, make a mistake. / Crime, commit a crime. / Lose. / Visit.	v6,p3849#08	p.1261#22	p.1325r2c01
			guō ㄍㄨㄛ	Name of a state in pre-Qin China.
言	言+0	訁𢍗𢍬	yán ㄧㄢˊ	Speak, say. / Discuss, debate. / Tell. / Doctrine, theory, words. / One word. / Sentence. / Particle, no meaning.	v6,p3936#01	p.1146#01	p.1236r5c03
则	刀+7	𠟻𠟭𠞋𠟔则	zé ㄗㄜˊ	Method, rule. / Mimic, emulate. / Level, grade. / Adverb used to emphasize an assertion. / Adverb used to express scope: only. / Connective expressing continuation: then, and then. / Connective emphasizing comparison. / Connective expressing contrast. / Connective expressing allowance: yet, even so. / Connective expressing unexpected turn of events. / Connective expressing suppostion: if.	v1,p0340#06	p.139#31	p.183r5c05
民	氏+1	𠘽	mín ㄇㄧㄣˊ	people, subjects, citizens	v3,p2131#01	p.598#01	p.750r3c01
作	人+5	胙𢓓	zuò ㄗㄨㄛˋ	Arise, stand up. / Grow, flourish. / Begin. / Create, make. / Work, effort. / Serve as, work as. / When, at such time as.	v1,p0134#06	p.99#07	p.99r3c01
辞	辛+12	辞辤𤔧	cí ㄘˊ	Confession. / Speech, phrase, language. / Excuse, reason. / Tell, explain. / Refuse, not accept. / Dispatch, expel. / Bid farewell. / A form of writing in ancient China.	v6,p4043#13	p.1252#08	p.1310r3c02
动	力+9	㣫𨔝动	dòng ㄉㄨㄥˋ	move, happen; movement, action	v1,p0375#06	p.148#14	p.196r4c02
不	一+3	不𠀚𠙐	bù ㄅㄨˋ	Not have. / To not be. / Negational adverb, used before verbs, adjectives, etc. to indicate negation. / Negational adverb expressing prohibition: do not. / Negational adverb expressing rhetorical question: is not...?	v1,p0011#06	p.76#15	p.30r1c01
			fǒu ㄈㄡˇ	Same as “否(1.2)” fǒu ㄈㄡˇ: Adverb used together with an affirmative word, expressing its negative or opposite. / Same as “否(1.3)” fǒu ㄈㄡˇ: Adverb used at the end of a question to form a yes-no question.
			fū ㄈㄨ	Sepal of a flower.
			pī ㄆㄧ	Same as “丕(1)” pī ㄆㄧ: Large.
			bǐ ㄅㄧˇ	Show disdain for.
百	白+1	佰𦣻	bǎi bó mò ㄅㄞˇ ㄅㄛˊ ㄇㄛˋ	one hundred; numerous, many	v4,p2643#01	p.785#04	p.932r4c01
姓	女+5	𤯧𤯣	xìng ㄒㄧㄥˋ	one's family name; clan, people	v2,p1037#12	p.259#05	p.381r6c02
命	口+5		mìng ㄇㄧㄥˋ	Order, command. / Written order, commandment. / Send (on a mission), dispatch. / A (diplomatic) mission. / Force, make do. / Instruct, tell. / Gift given by a ruler to his ministers by rank. / Will of heaven. / Fate. / Life, lifespan. / Call, name, assign a name to. / Know for certain.	v1,p0604#11	p.183#18	p.266r6c01
而	而+0		ér ㄦˊ	Whiskers. / Like, similar to. / Pronoun: you. / Pronoun: this, like this. / Connective: and, with. / Connective: and, then. / Connective: if, supposing. / Connective: yet, however. / Connective: therefore, hence. / Connective: expresses method or state. / Particle: of. / Expressive particle.	v4,p2810#01	p.961#18	p.1080r2c03
			néng ㄋㄥˊ	Same as “能(3)” néng ㄋㄥˊ: Able to, competent. / Same as “能(2.1)” néng ㄋㄥˊ: Ability, talent.
恭	心+6		gōng ㄍㄨㄥ	respectful, polite, reverent	v4,p2299#09	p.385#15	p.530r4c02
如	女+3		rú ㄖㄨˊ	Go to. / According to, in accordance with. / Like, similar to. / As good as, comparable to. / Should. / Or, alternatively. / If, should it be the case. / As for, as regards. / Adjectival suffix.	v2,p1025#09	p.255#21	p.378r5c02
是	日+5	昰𣆞	shì ㄕˋ	Straight. / Right, correct. / Believe accurate, affirm. / Demonstrative pronoun: this. / Be (copula). / Auxiliary word, used after moving forward the object.	v2,p1497#05	p.493#26	p.639r1c01
能	肉+6		néng ㄋㄥˊ	A type of bear. / Ability, talent. / Man of ability, man of talent. / Able to, competent. / Comply with, be friendly towards. / Encompass, obtain. / To, arrive at. / Then, thus. / Same as “而(4.3)” ér ㄦˊ: Connective: if, supposing. / Only, merely. / Even if. / Thus, in this way. / Three-legged turtle.	v3,p2074#01	p.981#16	p.1095r5c02
			nài ㄋㄞˋ	Withstand, endure.
			tái ㄊㄞˊ	Same as “台(1.1)” tái ㄊㄞˊ: Name of a celestial body.
			tài ㄊㄞˋ	State, form.
其	八+6	丌亓	qí ㄑㄧˊ	Third-person possessive pronoun: his, her, its, their. / Demonstrative pronoun: that, those. / Adverb expressing estimation or guess. / Adverb expressing imperative. / Adverb expressing rhetorical question. / Adverb expressing future tense. / Connective expressing hypothesis: if, supposing. / Connective expressing choice: or. / Connective expressing concession: even if. / Particle used after an adjective. / Particle: of. / Particle used for emphasis after single-character adjectives or onomatopoeia. / Particle used in the middle of a sentence to alter the tempo.	v1,p0245#01	p.127#18	p.162r5c01
			jì ㄐㄧˋ	Particle used after bi and he.
			jī ㄐㄧ	Modal particle expressing interrogative tone. / A year.
成	戈+2	𢦩	chéng ㄔㄥˊ	completed, finished, fixed	v2,p1399#01	p.411#11
亲	见+9	𢈥寴𡩁亲	qīn ㄑㄧㄣ	Parents. / Relatives. / Love, favour. / Close, intimate. / Contact, touch. / Personally. / Do oneself.	v6,p3671#12	p.1136#12	p.1230r5c04
矣	矢+2	𠤘	yǐ ㄧˇ	Modal particle used to express declaration. / Modal particle used to express exclamation. / Modal particle used to express an order or request.	v4,p2580#04	p.823#37	p.955r5c01

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