Chinese Text Project	Chinese Text Project
	Simplified Chinese version

Mohism -> Mozi -> Book 2 -> Exaltation of the Virtuous I -> 2

Character	Composition	Variants	Reading	Meaning	Hanyu	Kangxi	Cihai
子	子+0	㜽 𢀈 𢀉 𡐫 𣕓 只	zǐ ㄗˇ	Child, heir. Refers to both sons and daughters. / Love, charity. / Respectful term for a man. / People in general. / Fourth of the five levels of nobility. / First of the twelve earthly branches of the zodiac.	v2,p1006#06	p.277#01	p.395r1c01
墨子	黑+3 子+0	㜽 𢀈 𢀉 𡐫 𣕓 只	mò zǐ ㄇㄛˋ ㄗˇ	先秦思想家墨翟。 Mozi, a pre-Qin philosopher.	v1,p0487#03 v2,p1006#06	p.238#40 p.277#01	p.329r2c03 p.395r1c01
言	言+0	訁 𢍗 𢍬	yán ㄧㄢˊ	Speak, say. / Discuss, debate. / Tell. / Doctrine, theory, words. / One word. / Sentence. / Particle, no meaning.	v6,p3936#01	p.1146#01	p.1236r5c03
曰	曰+0		yuē ㄩㄝ	(1) 说。 Say, speak.	v2,p1482#02	p.502#01	p.648r3c03
是	日+5	昰 𣆞	shì ㄕˋ	Straight. / Right, correct. / Believe accurate, affirm. / Demonstrative pronoun: this. / Be (copula). / Auxiliary word, used after moving forward the object.	v2,p1497#05	p.493#26	p.639r1c01
在	土+3		zài ㄗㄞˋ	Exist, be alive. / Be in a certain place. / Inquire after, pay one's respects to. / Preposition: due to, being that. / Preposition: specifies location or time of an action - in, at.	v1,p0418#07	p.223#10	p.312r2c07
王公大人	玉+0 八+2 大+0 人+0	㒶 𠘲 𠔽 亻	wáng gōng dà rén ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄉㄚˋ ㄖㄣˊ	国君重臣。 Ruler, lord.	v2,p1099#10 v1,p0242#01 v1,p0520#01 v1,p0101#10	p.727#02 p.126#28 p.248#01 p.91#01	p.888r1c02 p.151r3c01 p.342r3c03 p.80r2c01
为	火+5	爲 为	wéi ㄨㄟˊ	Create, make. / Build, construct. / Do. / Plant, grow. / Govern. / Research, study. / Serve as. / Change into, become. / As, in the role of. / Count as, be considered as. / Called, named. / Expresses judgement: is. / Make, cause (to). / Have. / Take part in. / Write, author. / Connective: if. / Particle used in the middle of a sentence to move forward the object. / Modal particle used at the end of a sentence to express a rhetorical question.	v3,p2198#11	p.669#10	p.844r4c03
			wèi ㄨㄟˋ	Help, assist. / Preposition: for, on behalf of. / Preposition: by (passive). / Preposition: because of, due to. / Preposition: with, together with. / Connective: because. / Say. / False, fake.
政	攴+4		zhèng zhēng ㄓㄥˋ ㄓㄥ	government, political affairs	v2,p1453#03	p.469#06	p.601r2c01
于	方+4	乌 𣱏 𤕘 于 亏 扵	yú ㄩˊ	Be (copula). / Be, exist. / Preposition: in. / Preposition: from or to. / Preposition: compared to. / Preposition: to, for, towards. / Preposition: by (indicating passive tense). / Preposition: with, using. / Preposition: due to, because of. / Preposition: by, according to. / Connective: just as. / Auxiliary word, no meaning.	v3,p2175#02	p.481#11	p.622r2c03
国	囗+8	圀 国 囗 囶 𢧌 䆐 囯 国	guó ㄍㄨㄛˊ	nation, country, nation-state	v1,p0720#09	p.219#16	p.303r4c02
家	宀+7	家 宊 𠖔 𡩅 𡧚	jiā jie gū ㄐㄧㄚ ㄐㄧㄝ· ㄍㄨ	house, home, residence; family	v2,p0930#15	p.286#17	p.420r1c02
者	老+4		zhě ㄓㄜˇ	Pronoun used after verbs, adjectives, etc. in place of a person or thing. / Pronoun used after numbers in place of a thing. / Pronoun used after time or negation to express "when" or "if". / Expressive particle used in a declarative sentence after the subject. / Expressive particle used in a sentence after the subject to express cause or explanation.	v4,p2780#05	p.961#01	p.1080r1c01
			zhuó ㄓㄨㄛˊ	In, located in.
不	一+3	不 𠀚 𠙐	bù ㄅㄨˋ	Not have. / To not be. / Negational adverb, used before verbs, adjectives, etc. to indicate negation. / Negational adverb expressing prohibition: do not. / Negational adverb expressing rhetorical question: is not...?	v1,p0011#06	p.76#15	p.30r1c01
			fǒu ㄈㄡˇ	Same as “否(1.2)” fǒu ㄈㄡˇ: Adverb used together with an affirmative word, expressing its negative or opposite. / Same as “否(1.3)” fǒu ㄈㄡˇ: Adverb used at the end of a question to form a yes-no question.
			fū ㄈㄨ	Sepal of a flower.
			pī ㄆㄧ	Same as “丕(1)” pī ㄆㄧ: Large.
			bǐ ㄅㄧˇ	Show disdain for.
能	肉+6		néng ㄋㄥˊ	A type of bear. / Ability, talent. / Man of ability, man of talent. / Able to, competent. / Comply with, be friendly towards. / Encompass, obtain. / To, arrive at. / Then, thus. / Same as “而(4.3)” ér ㄦˊ: Connective: if, supposing. / Only, merely. / Even if. / Thus, in this way. / Three-legged turtle.	v3,p2074#01	p.981#16	p.1095r5c02
			nài ㄋㄞˋ	Withstand, endure.
			tái ㄊㄞˊ	Same as “台(1.1)” tái ㄊㄞˊ: Name of a celestial body.
			tài ㄊㄞˋ	State, form.
以	人+3	㠯	yǐ ㄧˇ	Use. / Believe. / Command. / Lead. / Connect, implicate. / Have. / Cause, reason. / Preposition: because. / Preposition: from, in. / Preposition: at [some time]. / Preposition: using. / Preposition: in accordance with. / Preposition: relying upon. / Preposition: in the capacity of. / Preposition: with, together with. / Connective: indicates the following action is the objective of the preceding one. / Connective: used between adverbial clause and verb to express modification. / Connective: and. / Connective: but. / Connective: and so, thus. / Particle: used together with some words expressing direction and time. / Modal particle. / Same as “已(1)” yǐ ㄧˇ: Stop, discontinue. / Same as “已(7.2)” yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: already. / Same as “已(7.3)” yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: extremely.	v1,p0105#07	p.94#01	p.87r6c01
尚	小+5	尙	shàng cháng ㄕㄤˋ ㄔㄤˊ	still, yet; even; fairly, rather	v1,p0563#05	p.297#11
贤	贝+8	臤 贒 贤	xián ㄒㄧㄢˊ	virtuous, worthy, good; able	v6,p3646#06	p.1209#28	p.1276r5c02
事	亅+7	亊 叓 𠭏	shì ㄕˋ	Office, duty. / Job, career. / Things, affairs. / Accident, incident. / Engage (in), pursue. / Serve.	v1,p0023#03	p.85#24	p.58r3c02
也	乙+2	𠃟 匜	yě ㄧㄝˇ	Modal particle used at the end of a sentence, expressing assertion and affirmation. / Modal particle used at the end of a question for emphasis. / Modal particle used at the end of a cause-effect sentence to express explanation. / Modal particle used in the middle of a sentence to express a pause.	v1,p0050#05	p.84#04	p.55r1c01
故	攴+5		gù ㄍㄨˋ	Cause. / State of affairs. / Event, incident. / Plot. / Old. / Past, original. / Death. / On purpose. / Originally. / Hence, thus.	v2,p1453#05	p.469#25	p.601r5c01
有	月+2		yǒu ㄧㄡˇ	Have, possess. / Store, collect. / Occupy. / Hold on to, retain. / Have in abundance. / Good harvest. / Obtain. / Only. / Be, exist. / Occur, happen. / Make. / Particle used before a noun with no meaning. / Particle used before a monosyllabic adjective with no meaning. / Particle used before a verb with no meaning. / Still, yet. / Some people. / Region.	v3,p2041#05	p.504#20	p.656r5c01
			yòu ㄧㄡˋ	Help, assist. / Same as “又(3)” yòu ㄧㄡˋ: Moreover.
良	艮+1	良 𡰩 𥭣 𡆨	liáng liǎng ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄌㄧㄤˇ	good, virtuous, respectable	v5,p3170#02	p.1013#23	p.1119r3c01
之	丿+3	㞢	zhī ㄓ	Towards; go to. / Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Third person pronoun: him, her, it. / Auxiliary word: of. / Auxiliary word: used between subject and predicate, cancels independence of a clause. / Auxiliary word: used in a sentence for aesthetic purpose only, no meaning.	v1,p0043#01	p.82#04	p.47r2c02
士	士+0		shì ㄕˋ	scholar, gentleman; soldier	v1,p0416#01	p.242#38	p.333r1c03
众	目+6	衆 𠂝 𥅫 𠱧 众	zhòng ㄓㄨㄥˋ	masses, people, multitude, crowd	v4,p2917#04	p.807#15	p.951r1c02
则	刀+7	𠟻 𠟭 𠞋 𠟔 则	zé ㄗㄜˊ	Method, rule. / Mimic, emulate. / Level, grade. / Adverb used to emphasize an assertion. / Adverb used to express scope: only. / Connective expressing continuation: then, and then. / Connective emphasizing comparison. / Connective expressing contrast. / Connective expressing allowance: yet, even so. / Connective expressing unexpected turn of events. / Connective expressing suppostion: if.	v1,p0340#06	p.139#31	p.183r5c05
治	水+5	乿	zhì ㄓˋ	Rule, administer. / Well ruled, peaceful and orderly. / Punish, execute. / Cure, treat (an illness). / Prepare. / Construct. / Research, study.	v3,p1599#06	p.614#07	p.776r5c02
厚	厂+7	垕 𡦩	hòu ㄏㄡˋ	thick; substantial; greatly	v1,p0072#06	p.161#26	p.229r2c02
寡	宀+11	关	guǎ ㄍㄨㄚˇ	Few. / Lack, reduce. / A widow; be widowed. / A widower or unmarried man. / Modest way of referring to oneself used by rulers.	v2,p0947#07	p.290#19	p.427r2c02
薄	草+13		bó báo bò bù ㄅㄛˊ ㄅㄠˊ ㄅㄛˋ ㄅㄨˋ	thin, slight, weak; poor, stingy	v5,p3307#03	p.1060#12	p.1168r6c05
大	大+0	𠘲	dà ㄉㄚˋ	Large, great. / Exceed, be greater than. / Venerate, treat as being great. / Many. / Thick, coarse. / Elder. / Respectful term of address. / Adverb expressing high level or broad range.	v1,p0520#01	p.248#01	p.342r3c03
			tài ㄊㄞˋ	Most (superlative). / Too much. / Peaceful, tranquil.
人	人+0	𠔽 亻	rén ㄖㄣˊ	Man, person. / Others, other people. / The people, ordinary men. / Talent, material. / [A man's] character. / Affairs of men, world of man. / Benevolence.	v1,p0101#10	p.91#01	p.80r2c01
务	力+9	务	wù ㄨˋ	Do one's utmost. / Seek, aim for. / Things, circumstances. / Must, need to.	v4,p2765#09	p.148#20	p.197r5c01
			wǔ ㄨˇ	Bully.
			mào ㄇㄠˋ	Cheat, mislead.
将	寸+8	𤕭 𢪇 将 畺	jiāng ㄐㄧㄤ	Take. / Use. / Push forward. / Drive. / Help, support. / Help financially. / Advance, go forward. / Carry out, execute. / Follow. / Comply, submit. / Do, carry out. / Accompany, see off. / Transmit. / Express. / Offer (as a sacrifice). / Look after, raise. / Protect. / Strong, robust. / Long time. / Carry, lead. / Side, beside. / Will, about to. / Close to, almost. / How? / Preposition: with. / Connective: and, with. / Connective: or, otherwise. / Connective: if, supposing. / Particle used after a verb. / A kind of insect.	v4,p2375#10	p.294#16	p.434r1c03
			jiàng ㄐㄧㄤˋ	Command troops. / Military commander. / Appoint as military commander.
			qiāng ㄑㄧㄤ	Please, humbly request. / [Onomatopoeia]
			zāng ㄗㄤ	Female sheep.
而	而+0		ér ㄦˊ	Whiskers. / Like, similar to. / Pronoun: you. / Pronoun: this, like this. / Connective: and, with. / Connective: and, then. / Connective: if, supposing. / Connective: yet, however. / Connective: therefore, hence. / Connective: expresses method or state. / Particle: of. / Expressive particle.	v4,p2810#01	p.961#18	p.1080r2c03
			néng ㄋㄥˊ	Same as “能(3)” néng ㄋㄥˊ: Able to, competent. / Same as “能(2.1)” néng ㄋㄥˊ: Ability, talent.
己	己+0	𢀒	jǐ ㄐㄧˇ	self, oneself; personal, private; 6th heavenly stem	v2,p0983#05	p.326#09	p.467r2c01

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