Chinese Text Project	Chinese Text Project
	Simplified Chinese version

Mohism -> Mozi -> Book 3 -> Identification with the Superior II -> 4

Character	Composition	Variants	Reading	Meaning	Hanyu	Kangxi	Cihai
是	日+5	昰 𣆞	shì ㄕˋ	Straight. / Right, correct. / Believe accurate, affirm. / Demonstrative pronoun: this. / Be (copula). / Auxiliary word, used after moving forward the object.	v2,p1497#05	p.493#26	p.639r1c01
以	人+3	㠯	yǐ ㄧˇ	Use. / Believe. / Command. / Lead. / Connect, implicate. / Have. / Cause, reason. / Preposition: because. / Preposition: from, in. / Preposition: at [some time]. / Preposition: using. / Preposition: in accordance with. / Preposition: relying upon. / Preposition: in the capacity of. / Preposition: with, together with. / Connective: indicates the following action is the objective of the preceding one. / Connective: used between adverbial clause and verb to express modification. / Connective: and. / Connective: but. / Connective: and so, thus. / Particle: used together with some words expressing direction and time. / Modal particle. / Same as “已(1)” yǐ ㄧˇ: Stop, discontinue. / Same as “已(7.2)” yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: already. / Same as “已(7.3)” yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: extremely.	v1,p0105#07	p.94#01	p.87r6c01
举	臼+10	擧 㪯 举	jǔ ㄐㄩˇ	raise, lift up; recommend	v5,p3041#08	p.1005#15	p.1114r3c01
天下	大+1 一+2	𠀡 𠀘 𦴞 兲 靝 𠕹 丅 厥 𠄟	tiān xià ㄊㄧㄢ ㄒㄧㄚˋ	世界。 "All under heaven", the world.	v1,p0522#01 v1,p0007#01	p.248#04 p.76#10	p.358r4c01 p.28r1c01
之	丿+3	㞢	zhī ㄓ	Towards; go to. / Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Third person pronoun: him, her, it. / Auxiliary word: of. / Auxiliary word: used between subject and predicate, cancels independence of a clause. / Auxiliary word: used in a sentence for aesthetic purpose only, no meaning.	v1,p0043#01	p.82#04	p.47r2c02
人	人+0	𠔽 亻	rén ㄖㄣˊ	Man, person. / Others, other people. / The people, ordinary men. / Talent, material. / [A man's] character. / Affairs of men, world of man. / Benevolence.	v1,p0101#10	p.91#01	p.80r2c01
皆	白+4		jiē ㄐㄧㄝ	all, every, everybody	v4,p2647#01	p.786#12	p.735r5c01
欲	欠+7	欲	yù ㄩˋ	desire, want, long for; intend	v3,p2140#07	p.567#36	p.729r4c02
得	彳+8	𢔶 䙷 𢔨	dé ㄉㄜˊ	Get, obtain. / Plunder. / Covet. / Success. / Fitting, appropriate. / Compatible. / Satisfied, pleased. / Possible, can. / Same as “德(1)” dé ㄉㄜˊ: Morals, morality. / Same as “德(3)” dé ㄉㄜˊ: Reward kindness, thank.	v2,p0828#03	p.367#31	p.513r6c02
上	一+2	丄 𠄞	shàng ㄕㄤˋ	top; superior, highest; go up, send up	v1,p0005#04	p.76#07	p.24r2c01
赏	贝+8	赏	shǎng ㄕㄤˇ	reward, grant, bestow; appreciate	v6,p3647#07	p.1209#19	p.1276r4c01
誉	言+14	𣁎 域 誉	yù ㄩˋ	fame, reputation; praise	v6,p4024#12	p.1185#07	p.1257r2c03
而	而+0		ér ㄦˊ	Whiskers. / Like, similar to. / Pronoun: you. / Pronoun: this, like this. / Connective: and, with. / Connective: and, then. / Connective: if, supposing. / Connective: yet, however. / Connective: therefore, hence. / Connective: expresses method or state. / Particle: of. / Expressive particle.	v4,p2810#01	p.961#18	p.1080r2c03
			néng ㄋㄥˊ	Same as “能(3)” néng ㄋㄥˊ: Able to, competent. / Same as “能(2.1)” néng ㄋㄥˊ: Ability, talent.
畏	田+4	𤰲 𤰣	wèi ㄨㄟˋ	Fear. / Make fear, scare. / Revere, respect. / Worry. / Detain, restrain. / Die. / Curved part of a bow.	v4,p2532#03	p.760#22	p.913r1c01
			wēi ㄨㄟ	Might, power.
毁	殳+9	𢾌 𣪷 毁	huǐ huì ㄏㄨㄟˇ ㄏㄨㄟˋ	destroy, ruin, injure; slander	v3,p2162#04	p.586#12	p.744r4c01
罚	网+9	罸 罚	fá ㄈㄚˊ	penalty, fine; punish, penalize	v4,p2923#03	p.948#33	p.1065r5c04
故	攴+5		gù ㄍㄨˋ	Cause. / State of affairs. / Event, incident. / Plot. / Old. / Past, original. / Death. / On purpose. / Originally. / Hence, thus.	v2,p1453#05	p.469#25	p.601r5c01
里	里+0	里 里	lǐ ㄌㄧˇ	unit of distance; village; lane	v6,p3680#01	p.1291#02	p.1357r4c01
长	长+0	镸 𨱗 𠤐 𠑷 𠔊 𠑻 𠑿 𡕣 长	cháng zhǎng zhàng ㄔㄤˊ ㄓㄤˇ ㄓㄤˋ	long; length; excel in; leader	v6,p4050#01	p.1328#07	p.1399r3c04
顺	页+3	㥧 巡 𠈼 顺	shùn ㄕㄨㄣˋ	obey, submit to, go along with	v7,p4357#05	p.1399#17	p.1475r3c01
天子	大+1 子+0	𠀡 𠀘 𦴞 兲 靝 𠕹 㜽 𢀈 𢀉 𡐫 𣕓 只	tiān zǐ ㄊㄧㄢ ㄗˇ	对最高统治者的尊称。 Son of Heaven, title of the supreme ruler.	v1,p0522#01 v2,p1006#06	p.248#04 p.277#01	p.358r4c01 p.395r1c01
政	攴+4		zhèng zhēng ㄓㄥˋ ㄓㄥ	government, political affairs	v2,p1453#03	p.469#06	p.601r2c01
一	一+0	弌 壹	yī ㄧ	one; a, an; alone	v1,p0001#01	p.75#01	p.1r1c01
同	口+3	仝 同	tóng tòng ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄊㄨㄥˋ	same, similar; together with	v1,p0578#01	p.175#06	p.252r1c01
其	八+6	丌 亓	qí ㄑㄧˊ	Third-person possessive pronoun: his, her, its, their. / Demonstrative pronoun: that, those. / Adverb expressing estimation or guess. / Adverb expressing imperative. / Adverb expressing rhetorical question. / Adverb expressing future tense. / Connective expressing hypothesis: if, supposing. / Connective expressing choice: or. / Connective expressing concession: even if. / Particle used after an adjective. / Particle: of. / Particle used for emphasis after single-character adjectives or onomatopoeia. / Particle used in the middle of a sentence to alter the tempo.	v1,p0245#01	p.127#18	p.162r5c01
			jì ㄐㄧˋ	Particle used after bi and he.
			jī ㄐㄧ	Modal particle expressing interrogative tone. / A year.
义	羊+7	义	yì ㄧˋ	right conduct, righteousness	v5,p3133#02	p.952#32	p.1071r3c01
既	无+5	旣	jì xì ㄐㄧˋ ㄒㄧˋ	already; de facto; since; then	v2,p1148#01	p.485#27	p.626r3c02
率	玄+6	率 卛	shuài ㄕㄨㄞˋ	Net for catching birds. / Along, in the same direction as. / Follow, go along with. / Command, lead. / Model. / Create a model for something. / Do, engage in. / Fast, quickly. / Frank, direct. / Because of, due to. / Similar. / Similar things. / Adverb: in general, mostly. / Adverb: all. / Same as “帅(2.1)” shuài ㄕㄨㄞˋ: Commander of an army. / Same as “帅(2.2)” shuài ㄕㄨㄞˋ: Thing which plays a leading role.	v1,p0289#03	p.725#05	p.884r3c03
			lǜ ㄌㄩˋ	A fixed standard or ratio. / Same as “锊” lüè ㄌㄩㄝˋ: Unit of weight, approximately 6 liang.
万	禸+8	万 卍 㸘 𤍚 𢁭	wàn ㄨㄢˋ	ten thousand; innumerable	v5,p3247#08	p.1042#33	p.1149r4c02
民	氏+1	𠘽	mín ㄇㄧㄣˊ	people, subjects, citizens	v3,p2131#01	p.598#01	p.750r3c01
尚	小+5	尙	shàng cháng ㄕㄤˋ ㄔㄤˊ	still, yet; even; fairly, rather	v1,p0563#05	p.297#11
乎	丿+4	宓	hū ㄏㄨ	Modal particle expressing questioning or a rhetorical question. / Modal particle expressing admiration or exclamation. / Modal particle expressing estimation. / Modal particle expressing request or order. / Modal particle expressing calling. / Modal particle expressing consideration. / Modal particle expressing affirmation. / Particle used after adjectives. / Particle used in the middle of a sentence to express a pause. / Preposition: in, from, to.	v1,p0036#08	p.82#07	p.47r3c03
乡	邑+9	郷 鄕 乡	xiāng xiǎng xiàng ㄒㄧㄤ ㄒㄧㄤˇ ㄒㄧㄤˋ	country; rural; village	v6,p3786#04	p.1275#02
曰	曰+0		yuē ㄩㄝ	(1) 说。 Say, speak.	v2,p1482#02	p.502#01	p.648r3c03
凡	几+1	凢 凣	fán ㄈㄢˊ	Summary. / Ordinary. / All, every. / In total. / Adverb: approximately. / Name of a state.	v1,p0276#03	p.134#02	p.170r4c02
不	一+3	不 𠀚 𠙐	bù ㄅㄨˋ	Not have. / To not be. / Negational adverb, used before verbs, adjectives, etc. to indicate negation. / Negational adverb expressing prohibition: do not. / Negational adverb expressing rhetorical question: is not...?	v1,p0011#06	p.76#15	p.30r1c01
			fǒu ㄈㄡˇ	Same as “否(1.2)” fǒu ㄈㄡˇ: Adverb used together with an affirmative word, expressing its negative or opposite. / Same as “否(1.3)” fǒu ㄈㄡˇ: Adverb used at the end of a question to form a yes-no question.
			fū ㄈㄨ	Sepal of a flower.
			pī ㄆㄧ	Same as “丕(1)” pī ㄆㄧ: Large.
			bǐ ㄅㄧˇ	Show disdain for.
敢	攴+8	𠭖 𢽤 𣪏	gǎn ㄍㄢˇ	to dare, venture; bold, brave	v2,p1463#09	p.472#26	p.605r4c02
下	一+2	丅 厥 𠄟	xià ㄒㄧㄚˋ	under, underneath, below; down; inferior; bring down	v1,p0007#01	p.76#10	p.28r1c01
比	比+0	夶 𣬅	bǐ ㄅㄧˇ	Compare. / Approve, confirm. / Compare to, see as being the same as. / Similar. / Analogy. / Type, kind, class. / In comparison to. / Example. / One of the six types of classical poetry. / Be close to, be in the company of. / Get near to, approach. / In line, side by side. / The same. / Balance, harmonize. / Collude, conspire. / Favour, partiality. / Fit, suit. / Harmonious. / Assist, subsidize. / Crowded, concentrated. / Connected, in succession. / All, every, everywhere. / Recently. / Until. / For, on behalf of.	v2,p1415#08	p.590#09	p.746r1c02
			pǐ ㄆㄧˇ	Govern.
所	户+4	𢨷	suǒ ㄙㄨㄛˇ	Place. / Location. / A suitable place or location. / Measure word, used for counting buldings. / Used before a verb, creates a noun-like phrase. / If. Mainly used in oaths and curses. / Used together with 为 to indicate the passive tense. / Indicates an approximate number. / Number, number of times. / Meaning.	v3,p2259#01	p.415#16	p.556r1c01
必	心+1		bì ㄅㄧˋ	surely, most certainly; must	v4,p2267#02	p.375#02	p.522r5c01
亦	亠+4	𠅃	yì ㄧˋ	Original character for 腋. / Also. / Just, merely. / Again. / Modal particle at the beginning or middle of a sentence. / Accumulate.	v1,p0281#03	p.88#09	p.78r2c02
非	非+0		fēi ㄈㄟ	Violate, go against (a rule). / Wrong, bad. / Not real, untrue. / Oppose, object to. / Slander, condemn. / Sarcasm, irony. / Absence of, not have. / Adverb: not, is not.	v6,p4086#01	p.1382#11	p.1463r6c02
			fěi ㄈㄟˇ	Same as “诽(2)” fěi ㄈㄟˇ: Slander.
去	厶+3		qù ㄑㄩˋ	Leave, go away from. / Send away. / Remove, get rid of. / Banish, discard. / Lose, cease to possess. / Distance, separation. / Previous, past. / Later, after.	v1,p0384#08	p.164#10	p.232r1c04
			jǔ ㄐㄩˇ	Collect, keep.
			qū ㄑㄩ	Expel.
善	口+9	譱 𦎍 𠾄 𧮟	shàn ㄕㄢˋ	Good. / Take to be good, like. / Good person. / Strong point, merit. / Perfect. / Gentle, kind. / Friendly. / Good at doing. / Improve, make good. / Control, regulate. / Food.	v1,p0660#02	p.197#18	p.282r3c04
言	言+0	訁 𢍗 𢍬	yán ㄧㄢˊ	Speak, say. / Discuss, debate. / Tell. / Doctrine, theory, words. / One word. / Sentence. / Particle, no meaning.	v6,p3936#01	p.1146#01	p.1236r5c03
学	子+13	𢻯 斈 学	xué ㄒㄩㄝˊ	Study, learn. / Doctrine, teaching. / School of thought. / School, place of learning. / Account, state.	v2,p1019#11	p.280#28	p.403r3c05
			xiào ㄒㄧㄠˋ	Instruct, teach.
行	行+0	行	xíng ㄒㄧㄥˊ	Walk, move (on foot). / Advance, move forward. / Leave, exit. / Patrol, go on inspection. / Inspection of the realm by the Son of Heaven. / Be married off. / Flow, circulate. / Channel, guide. / Revolution, circular motion. / Experience. / Luggage, belongings taken on a journey. / Do, carry out. / Actions. / Accomplishments. / Use, utilize. / Take over (an official duty). / Offer, present. / Moral conduct, behaviour. / A type of classical poem. / A piece of music. / Semi-cursive script. / Adverb: will, about to. / Adverb: again, once more. / Adverb: by chance, luckily. / Ambassador (official title). / Measure word for number of pourings of drinks.	v2,p0811#06	p.1108#31	p.1203r5c05
			háng ㄏㄤˊ	Road. / Track, pattern. / Row, line. / Row of soldiers in battle. / Unit of 25 soldiers. / Shaft of a feather (and by extension, wings). / Measure word for things which form rows. / Rank, position.
固	囗+5	怘	gù ㄍㄨˋ	to become solid, solidify; strength	v1,p0716#09	p.218#03	p.302r5c04
贤	贝+8	臤 贒 贤	xián ㄒㄧㄢˊ	virtuous, worthy, good; able	v6,p3646#06	p.1209#28	p.1276r5c02
者	老+4		zhě ㄓㄜˇ	Pronoun used after verbs, adjectives, etc. in place of a person or thing. / Pronoun used after numbers in place of a thing. / Pronoun used after time or negation to express "when" or "if". / Expressive particle used in a declarative sentence after the subject. / Expressive particle used in a sentence after the subject to express cause or explanation.	v4,p2780#05	p.961#01	p.1080r1c01
			zhuó ㄓㄨㄛˊ	In, located in.
也	乙+2	𠃟 匜	yě ㄧㄝˇ	Modal particle used at the end of a sentence, expressing assertion and affirmation. / Modal particle used at the end of a question for emphasis. / Modal particle used at the end of a cause-effect sentence to express explanation. / Modal particle used in the middle of a sentence to express a pause.	v1,p0050#05	p.84#04	p.55r1c01
法	水+5	佱 灋 𣳴	fǎ ㄈㄚˇ	Law, penal code. / Principle, system. / Standard. / Method, way of doing. / Follow, imitate. / Adhere to the rules. / The Legalist school.	v3,p1579#04	p.616#11	p.778r4c01
夫	大+1		fū ㄈㄨ	General term for adult men. / Adult labourers in particular. / Soldier. / Respectful term for a man. / Husband. / Unit of area equal to one hundred mu.	v1,p0521#01	p.248#11	p.367r2c01
			fú ㄈㄨˊ	Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Modal particle used at the start of a sentence for emphasis or to indicate an assertion. / Modal particle used in the middle of a sentence to soften the tone. / Modal particle used at the end of a sentence to express exclamation.
何	人+5		hé ㄏㄜˊ	Ask, enquire. / What. / Who, which one. / How, in what way. / Why, for what reason. / Where, in what place. / How much, to what extent.	v1,p0130#04	p.98#15	p.97r2c04
			hē ㄏㄜ	Criticize, condemn.
			hè ㄏㄜˋ	Carry on one's back. / Bear, carry a burden.
说	言+7	説 说	shuō ㄕㄨㄛ	Explain. / Tell. / Advocate. / Oath. / A type of writing expounding upon a canon.	v6,p3979#03	p.1164#08	p.1246r4c02
			shuì ㄕㄨㄟˋ	Recommend, persuade. / Stop.
			yuè ㄩㄝˋ	Same as “悦(1)” yuè ㄩㄝˋ: Happy, pleased, like. / To please.
治	水+5	乿	zhì ㄓˋ	Rule, administer. / Well ruled, peaceful and orderly. / Punish, execute. / Cure, treat (an illness). / Prepare. / Construct. / Research, study.	v3,p1599#06	p.614#07	p.776r5c02
哉	口+6	才	zāi ㄗㄞ	Begin, start. / Modal particle expressing exclamation. / Modal particle expressing questioning or a rhetorical question.	v1,p0611#07	p.189#08	p.270r2c01
察	宀+11	詧	chá ㄔㄚˊ	examine, investigate; notice	v2,p0948#08	p.290#16	p.426r6c05
曰	曰+0		yuē ㄩㄝ	Say, speak. / Call, name. / Particle.	v2,p1482#02	p.502#01	p.648r3c03
唯	口+8		wéi ㄨㄟˊ	Only, exclusively. / Connective: although, even though. / Connective: because. / Particle used at the beginning of a sentence to express hope or desire. / Particle used at the beginning of a sentence to express confirmation. / Particle, no meaning.	v1,p0642#05	p.193#17	p.277r1c02
			wěi ㄨㄟˇ	Sound of affirmation. / Affirm.
能	肉+6		néng ㄋㄥˊ	A type of bear. / Ability, talent. / Man of ability, man of talent. / Able to, competent. / Comply with, be friendly towards. / Encompass, obtain. / To, arrive at. / Then, thus. / Same as “而(4.3)” ér ㄦˊ: Connective: if, supposing. / Only, merely. / Even if. / Thus, in this way. / Three-legged turtle.	v3,p2074#01	p.981#16	p.1095r5c02
			nài ㄋㄞˋ	Withstand, endure.
			tái ㄊㄞˊ	Same as “台(1.1)” tái ㄊㄞˊ: Name of a celestial body.
			tài ㄊㄞˋ	State, form.

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