Chinese Text Project Dictionary

Chinese Text Project	Chinese Text Project
	Simplified Chinese version

Confucianism -> Liji -> Wen Sang -> 6

或问曰：	Some one may ask,
“冠者不肉袒，	How is it that one with the cap on does not bare his arms,
何也？”	and show the naked body?
曰：	and the answer is
冠，至尊也，	- The cap is the most honourable article of dress,
不居肉袒之体也，	and cannot be worn where the body is bared, and the flesh exposed.
故为之免以代之也。	Therefore the cincture for the head is worn instead of the cap, (when the arms are bared).
然则秃者不免，	And so, when a bald man does not wear the cincture,
伛者不袒，	and a hunchback does not bare his arms,
跛者不踊，	and a lame man does not leap,
非不悲也；	it is not that they do not feel sad,
身有锢疾，不可以备礼也。	but they have an infirmity which prevents them from fully discharging the usages.
故曰：丧礼唯哀为主矣。	Hence it is said that in the rites of mourning it is the sorrow that is the principal thing.
女子哭泣悲哀，	When a daughter wails, weeps, and is sad,
击胸伤心；	beats her breast, and wounds her heart;
男子哭泣悲哀，	and when a son wails, weeps, is sad,
稽颡触地无容，	and bows down till his forehead touches the ground, without regard to elegance of demeanour,
哀之至也。	this may be accepted as the highest expression of sorrow.

Character	Composition	Variants	Reading	Meaning	Hanyu	Kangxi	Cihai
或	戈+4	𢈿	huò ㄏㄨㄛˋ	(1) 代词：代人或事物：有的，有人。 Pronoun: some, someone, something.	v2,p1402#08	p.412#18	p.552r5c01
问	口+8	𠳅问	wèn ㄨㄣˋ	(1.1) 询问。 Ask, inquire.	v7,p4284#03	p.195#10	p.279r3c03
曰	曰+0		yuē ㄩㄝ	(1) 说。 Say, speak.	v2,p1482#02	p.502#01	p.648r3c03
冠	冖+7		guān guàn ㄍㄨㄢㄍㄨㄢˋ	cap, crown, headgear	v1,p0303#18	p.130#23	p.165r6c07
者	老+4		zhě ㄓㄜˇ	Pronoun used after verbs, adjectives, etc. in place of a person or thing. / Pronoun used after numbers in place of a thing. / Pronoun used after time or negation to express "when" or "if". / Expressive particle used in a declarative sentence after the subject. / Expressive particle used in a sentence after the subject to express cause or explanation.	v4,p2780#05	p.961#01	p.1080r1c01
			zhuó ㄓㄨㄛˊ	In, located in.
不	一+3	不𠀚𠙐	bù ㄅㄨˋ	Not have. / To not be. / Negational adverb, used before verbs, adjectives, etc. to indicate negation. / Negational adverb expressing prohibition: do not. / Negational adverb expressing rhetorical question: is not...?	v1,p0011#06	p.76#15	p.30r1c01
			fǒu ㄈㄡˇ	Same as “否(1.2)” fǒu ㄈㄡˇ: Adverb used together with an affirmative word, expressing its negative or opposite. / Same as “否(1.3)” fǒu ㄈㄡˇ: Adverb used at the end of a question to form a yes-no question.
			fū ㄈㄨ	Sepal of a flower.
			pī ㄆㄧ	Same as “丕(1)” pī ㄆㄧ: Large.
			bǐ ㄅㄧˇ	Show disdain for.
肉	肉+0	宍	ròu rù ㄖㄡˋ ㄖㄨˋ	flesh; meat; KangXi radical 130	v5,p2931#01	p.973#01	p.1088r2c01
袒	衣+5	袒	tǎn zhàn ㄊㄢˇ ㄓㄢˋ	strip; lay bare; bared; naked	v5,p3082#11	p.1114#10	p.1211r3c04
何	人+5		hé ㄏㄜˊ	Ask, enquire. / What. / Who, which one. / How, in what way. / Why, for what reason. / Where, in what place. / How much, to what extent.	v1,p0130#04	p.98#15	p.97r2c04
			hē ㄏㄜ	Criticize, condemn.
			hè ㄏㄜˋ	Carry on one's back. / Bear, carry a burden.
也	乙+2	𠃟匜	yě ㄧㄝˇ	Modal particle used at the end of a sentence, expressing assertion and affirmation. / Modal particle used at the end of a question for emphasis. / Modal particle used at the end of a cause-effect sentence to express explanation. / Modal particle used in the middle of a sentence to express a pause.	v1,p0050#05	p.84#04	p.55r1c01
曰	曰+0		yuē ㄩㄝ	Say, speak. / Call, name. / Particle.	v2,p1482#02	p.502#01	p.648r3c03
至	至+0	𦤳𦤴𦤵𡊏	zhì dié ㄓˋ ㄉㄧㄝˊ	reach, arrive; extremely, very	v4,p2814#01	p.1001#11	p.1111r3c04
尊	寸+9		zūn ㄗㄨㄣ	respect, revere, venerate; honor	v1,p0509#06	p.295#10	p.435r4c01
居	尸+5	㞐㝒	jū ㄐㄩ	Sit down. / Wait. / Live, dwell. / Dwelling, residence. / Tomb. / Rank, position occupied. / Person occupying the rank of ruler. / Live peacefully. / Usually, normally. / Located in. / Defend (a post), guard (a region). / Remain behind to handle matters. / Have, possess. / Employ, implement. / Stop, rest, remain. / Store, stockpile. / Raise, rear (livestock). / Used before times expressing time elapsed: after.	v2,p0968#04	p.300#30	p.448r1c02
			jǔ ㄐㄩˇ	Movement, action.
			jù ㄐㄩˋ	Arrogant. / Straight. / Saw.
			jī ㄐㄧ	Modal particle expressing exclamation or questioning.
之	丿+3	㞢	zhī ㄓ	Towards; go to. / Demonstrative pronoun: this, these. / Third person pronoun: him, her, it. / Auxiliary word: of. / Auxiliary word: used between subject and predicate, cancels independence of a clause. / Auxiliary word: used in a sentence for aesthetic purpose only, no meaning.	v1,p0043#01	p.82#04	p.47r2c02
体	骨+13	𩪆体軆	tǐ tī ㄊㄧˇ ㄊㄧ	body; group, class, body, unit	v7,p4419#03	p.1451#06	p.1513r5c01
故	攴+5		gù ㄍㄨˋ	Cause. / State of affairs. / Event, incident. / Plot. / Old. / Past, original. / Death. / On purpose. / Originally. / Hence, thus.	v2,p1453#05	p.469#25	p.601r5c01
为	火+5	爲为	wéi ㄨㄟˊ	Create, make. / Build, construct. / Do. / Plant, grow. / Govern. / Research, study. / Serve as. / Change into, become. / As, in the role of. / Count as, be considered as. / Called, named. / Expresses judgement: is. / Make, cause (to). / Have. / Take part in. / Write, author. / Connective: if. / Particle used in the middle of a sentence to move forward the object. / Modal particle used at the end of a sentence to express a rhetorical question.	v3,p2198#11	p.669#10	p.844r4c03
			wèi ㄨㄟˋ	Help, assist. / Preposition: for, on behalf of. / Preposition: by (passive). / Preposition: because of, due to. / Preposition: with, together with. / Connective: because. / Say. / False, fake.
免	儿+5		miǎn ㄇㄧㄢˇ	Avoid, prevent. / Pardon, release. / Take off, remove. / Quit, retire from office. / Labour, delivery, give birth. / Encourage.	v1,p0270#09	p.124#23	p.139r1c01
			wèn ㄨㄣˋ	Mourning ritual in which one takes off one's cap and bind one's hair with hemp.
			fǔ ㄈㄨˇ	Lean, bend over.
以	人+3	㠯	yǐ ㄧˇ	Use. / Believe. / Command. / Lead. / Connect, implicate. / Have. / Cause, reason. / Preposition: because. / Preposition: from, in. / Preposition: at [some time]. / Preposition: using. / Preposition: in accordance with. / Preposition: relying upon. / Preposition: in the capacity of. / Preposition: with, together with. / Connective: indicates the following action is the objective of the preceding one. / Connective: used between adverbial clause and verb to express modification. / Connective: and. / Connective: but. / Connective: and so, thus. / Particle: used together with some words expressing direction and time. / Modal particle. / Same as “已(1)” yǐ ㄧˇ: Stop, discontinue. / Same as “已(7.2)” yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: already. / Same as “已(7.3)” yǐ ㄧˇ: Adverb: extremely.	v1,p0105#07	p.94#01	p.87r6c01
代	人+3		dài ㄉㄞˋ	replace, replacement (of person or generation); era, generation	v1,p0113#05	p.93#11	p.86r2c03
然	火+8	燃𤓉	rán ㄖㄢˊ	(2) 指示代词：如此，这样，那样。 Demonstrative pronoun: like this, like that.	v3,p2213#05	p.675#12	p.852r5c01
则	刀+7	𠟻𠟭𠞋𠟔则	zé ㄗㄜˊ	(5.1) 连词：表示承接关系，相当于“就”、“便”、“那麽”。 Connective expressing continuation: then, and then.	v1,p0340#06	p.139#31	p.183r5c05
秃	禾+2	秃	tū ㄊㄨ	bald, bare, stripped	v4,p2588#07	p.849#02	p.987r1c02
伛	人+11	伛	yǔ ㄩˇ	humpback; stoop	v1,p0209#04	p.114#24	p.123r4c01
跛	足+5	㝿	bǒ bì pō ㄅㄛˇ ㄅㄧˋ ㄆㄛ	lame	v6,p3699#04	p.1224#05	p.1289r4c05
踊	足+9	踊	yǒng ㄩㄥˇ	leap, jump	v6,p3727#05	p.1229#20	p.1293r1c02
非	非+0		fēi ㄈㄟ	Violate, go against (a rule). / Wrong, bad. / Not real, untrue. / Oppose, object to. / Slander, condemn. / Sarcasm, irony. / Absence of, not have. / Adverb: not, is not.	v6,p4086#01	p.1382#11	p.1463r6c02
			fěi ㄈㄟˇ	Same as “诽(2)” fěi ㄈㄟˇ: Slander.
悲	心+8		bēi ㄅㄟ	sorrow, grief; sorry, sad	v4,p2310#04	p.388#37	p.533r1c03
身	身+0		shēn ㄕㄣ	Pregnant. / The body (of a person or animal). / Itself. / I, myself. / Personally, directly. / Personally experience or carry out. / Life. / One's own moral character, ability, etc. / A world in buddhist doctrine.	v6,p3807#01	p.1237#01	p.1295r6c01
			yuān ㄩㄢ	Same as “身毒” yuān dú ㄩㄢㄉㄨˊ: India.
有	月+2		yǒu ㄧㄡˇ	Have, possess. / Store, collect. / Occupy. / Hold on to, retain. / Have in abundance. / Good harvest. / Obtain. / Only. / Be, exist. / Occur, happen. / Make. / Particle used before a noun with no meaning. / Particle used before a monosyllabic adjective with no meaning. / Particle used before a verb with no meaning. / Still, yet. / Some people. / Region.	v3,p2041#05	p.504#20	p.656r5c01
			yòu ㄧㄡˋ	Help, assist. / Same as “又(3)” yòu ㄧㄡˋ: Moreover.
锢	金+8	锢	gù ㄍㄨˋ	run metal into cracks; confine	v6,p4219#06	p.1312#11	p.1386r4c02
疾	疒+5	𤕼𤖏𥏂𠥻𤶅	jí ㄐㄧˊ	Illness. / Invalid, sick person. / Suffering, difficulties. / Failing, weakness. / Bad person, evil person. / Become sick, fall ill. / Damage. / Hate. / Angrily. / Jealousy. / Fast, quick. / Exert oneself, spare no effort. / Large.	v4,p2666#10	p.771#22	p.920r4c04
不	一+3	不𠀚𠙐	bù ㄅㄨˋ	(3.1) 否定副词：用于动词、形容词等前面，表示否定。 Negational adverb, used before verbs, adjectives, etc. to indicate negation.	v1,p0011#06	p.76#15	p.30r1c01
可	口+2	歌厥	kě kè ㄎㄜˇ ㄎㄜˋ	may, can, -able; possibly	v1,p0567#07	p.172#12	p.244r1c02
备	人+10	𠈍俻备	bèi ㄅㄟˋ	prepare, ready, perfect	v1,p0200#08	p.113#21	p.121r3c02
礼	示+13	禮礼𠃞𤔑礼	lǐ ㄌㄧˇ	social custom; manners; courtesy; rites	v4,p2409#14	p.847#07	p.985r2c04
故	攴+5		gù ㄍㄨˋ	(8) 连词：所以，因此。 Hence, thus.	v2,p1453#05	p.469#25	p.601r5c01
丧	口+9	𡂤𡴧𡂧𦦦𡚏丧	sàng ㄙㄤˋ	Lose, cease to have. / Die. / Destroy, lose.	v1,p0650#03	p.200#12	p.286r5c02
			sāng ㄙㄤ	Funeral rites, mourning. / Dismayed, dispirited. / Remains, body in a coffin.
唯	口+8		wéi ㄨㄟˊ	Only, exclusively. / Connective: although, even though. / Connective: because. / Particle used at the beginning of a sentence to express hope or desire. / Particle used at the beginning of a sentence to express confirmation. / Particle, no meaning.	v1,p0642#05	p.193#17	p.277r1c02
			wěi ㄨㄟˇ	Sound of affirmation. / Affirm.
哀	口+6		āi ㄞ	sad, mournful, pitiful; pity	v1,p0620#10	p.188#11	p.270r4c01
主	丶+4	丶宔	zhǔ ㄓㄨˇ	master, chief owner; host; lord	v1,p0044#03	p.80#20	p.45r2c01
矣	矢+2	𠤘	yǐ ㄧˇ	Modal particle used to express declaration. / Modal particle used to express exclamation. / Modal particle used to express an order or request.	v4,p2580#04	p.823#37	p.955r5c01
女	女+0	女𠨰	nǚ ㄋㄩˇ	Woman, female. / Unmarried woman. / Weak and small.	v2,p1023#23	p.254#22	p.376r1c02
			nǜ ㄋㄩˋ	Marry off.
			rǔ ㄖㄨˇ	Same as “汝(2)” rǔ ㄖㄨˇ: Second person pronoun: you.
子	子+0	㜽𢀈𢀉𡐫𣕓只	zǐ ㄗˇ	Child, heir. Refers to both sons and daughters. / Love, charity. / Respectful term for a man. / People in general. / Fourth of the five levels of nobility. / First of the twelve earthly branches of the zodiac.	v2,p1006#06	p.277#01	p.395r1c01
哭	口+7		kū ㄎㄨ	weep, cry, wail	v1,p0629#02	p.190#25	p.276r1c03
泣	水+5		qì lì sè ㄑㄧˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄙㄜˋ	cry, sob, weep	v3,p1593#02	p.617#09	p.783r3c01
击	手+13	撃击	jī jí jì xí ㄐㄧㄐㄧˊ ㄐㄧˋ ㄒㄧˊ	strike, hit, beat; attack, fight	v3,p1965#06	p.458#09	p.594r2c01
胸	肉+6	胷匈	xiōng ㄒㄩㄥ	breast, bosom, chest; thorax	v3,p2070#01	p.981#05	p.1095r3c01
伤	人+11	伤	shāng ㄕㄤ	wound, injury; fall ill from	v1,p0211#09	p.115#01	p.123r5c02
心	心+0	㣺忄	xīn ㄒㄧㄣ	heart; mind, intelligence; soul	v4,p2267#01	p.375#01	p.521r1c01
男	田+2	侽	nán ㄋㄢˊ	male, man; son; baron; surname	v4,p2529#05	p.759#02	p.912r1c02
稽	禾+10	乩𩠜	jī qǐ ㄐㄧㄑㄧˇ	examine, investigate; delay	v4,p2622#08	p.858#01	p.994r5c03
颡	页+10	䫙颡	sǎng ㄙㄤˇ	the forehead; to kowtow	v7,p4388#06	p.1408#01	p.1481r1c01
触	角+13	𧢻触	chù ㄔㄨˋ	touch; butt, ram, gore	v6,p3933#11	p.1145#11	p.1236r2c04
地	土+3	埊𨻐埅𠏂嶳	dì de ㄉㄧˋ ㄉㄜ·	earth; soil, ground; region	v1,p0420#12	p.224#06	p.312r6c01
无	火+8	𣟒𣚨𠘩无无	wú ㄨˊ	Not have. / Philosophical category referring to absence, non-existence, or vacuity. / Adverb expressing negation: not. / Adverb expressing questioning: or not. / Connective: regardless of. / Connective: even if. / Particle used at the beginning of a sentence, no meaning. / Do not. / Barren, uncultivated.	v3,p2211#15	p.673#26	p.848r2c04
容	宀+7	𠕺	róng ㄖㄨㄥˊ	looks, appearance; figure, form	v2,p0933#17	p.287#03	p.421r6c01

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