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Confucianism -> Liji -> Qu Li II -> 110

A duke and (one of) the feudal princes had their helpmate, and their honourable women, (which) were their mates and concubines.
天子The helpmate called herself, before the son of Heaven, 'the aged servant;'
诸侯and before the prince (of another state), 'the small and unworthy ruler.'
To her own ruler she called herself 'the small maid.'
From the honourable women downwards (each member of the harem) called herself 'your handmaid.'
To their parents, sons and daughters called themselves by their names.


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